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PHONETIC SPELLING

/ðə ˈflaʊɚz-ɚ ˌbiɪŋ ˈwɑt̬ɚd ˌbaɪ ðə ˈgɑrdnɚ ˌnaʊ/

/ðə ˌθivz ˈwɚnt ˌfɑloʊd ˌbaɪ ðə pəˈlis/

/ðə ˌlɛt̬ɚ ˈhædnt bɪn ˌtn bayɚ ˈfɑðɚ/

/ˌʃiz ðə ˈmoʊst-ɪnˌtɛlədʒənt ˈstudnt ˌaɪv ˈɛvɚ ˌmɛt/

/ˌʃiz ˈtɔkɪŋ tə ðə ˌhɛlpfəl ˈwɚkɚz/

/ɪts ðə ˌtʃipɪst hoʊˈtɛl ˌaɪv ˈɛvɚ ˌsteɪd-ˈæt/

/maɪ ˌhaʊs ˈhæznt bɪn ˌpeɪntɪd ˈsɪns aɪ ˌmuvd/

/ðə ˈmætʃ wəl bi ˌpleɪd ɪf-ɪt ˈdʌzənt ˌsnoʊ/

/ˌðeɪ ˈdoʊnt ˌhæftə ˈgoʊ tə ðə ˌskul ɔn ˈsʌndiz/

/ˌðeɪ wɚ ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul ˌwɛn ˈaɪ ˌhæd n ˈæksədənt/

/ˌðeɪ wɚ ˌpleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtbɔl ˌsoʊ ɪt wəz ˈdɪfəkʌlt tə ˌhɪr mi/

/ˌðeɪ ˈwɚnt ˌlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul ˌwɛn ˈaɪ ˌhæd n ˈæksədənt/

/ðeɪ wəl bi ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul ˌwɛn ðə ˈwɔr bɪˌgɪnz/

/ðeɪ woʊnt bi ˈlɪvɪŋ-ɪn isˈtɑnbul ˌwɛn ðə ˈwɔr bɪˌgɪnz/

/ˌðoʊz ˈhaʊz-ɪz wɚ ˈpeɪntɪd baɪ maɪ ˈfɑðɚ/

/ˌaɪv bɪn ˈpleɪɪŋ ˌfʊpbɔl fɚ tu ˌmʌnθs/

/ˌɪf ˌyʊ-wəd ˈkeɪm ˌaɪ wəd-əv bɪn ˈvɛri ˌhæpi/

/ˌɪf ˈwi ˌdɪd səm ˈridɪŋ ˌwiyəd bi ˈbɛt̬ɚ/

/ˌɪf ðə ˈbʊk-əd bɪn ˈtʃipɚ ˌʃiyəd-əv ˈbɔt-ɪt/

/ðə ˈkɑr wəl bi rɪˈpɛrd ˌbaɪ ðə məˈkænɪk ɪn ði ˌivnɪŋ/

/ˌɪf-ˌaɪ wɚ ˈyu ˌaɪ ˈwʊdnt ˌgoʊ tʊ ˈɑŋkɑrɑ/

/ˌɪf-ɪt ˈwʌzənt ˌwɪndi wid ˌhæv-ə ˈpɪknɪk/

/ˌɪf ʃi ˌstʌdid ˈhɑrd ʃi wəd ˌpæs ði ɪgˈzæm/

/ˈhaʊ ˌlɔŋəz ʃi bɪn ˈstʌdiɪŋ ˈɪŋglɪʃ/

/ˈhaʊw ˌɔfən dɪd ʃi ˌgoʊ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə/

/ˌaɪv bɪn ˌlɪvɪŋ-ɪn ˈtɚki ˌsɪns ˈeɪprəl/

/ˌaɪm ˈbɔrd bət aɪ ˈhæftə ˌdu maɪ ˈhoʊmwɚk/

/ˌmaɪ ˌfrɛndz ˈdoʊnt ˌvɪzɪt mi ɔn ˈsʌndiz/

/ˌhi ˈwʊdnt-əv ˈitn ɪf i ˈhædnt ˌkʌm/

/ˈɪŋglɪʃ-ɪz ˌspoʊkən ˈɔl ˌoʊvɚ ðə ˈwɚld/

/ɚˌgoʊɪŋ tə ðə ˈsɪnəmə ɑn ˈsæt̬ɚdi/

/həv yə ˌgɑt-ə ˈgɚlfrɛnd ˌɔr-ə ˈbɔɪfrɛnd/

/ˈwʌt dyə ˌlaɪk ˈduɪŋ-ɪn yɚ ˌfri ˈtaɪm/

/yəv bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fɚ mi ˈtwɛnti ˈmɪnɪts/

/kən yə ˌraɪd-ə ˈbaɪsɪkəl/

/kən hi ˌpleɪy-ən ˈɪnstrəmənt/

/ˈwʌts yɚ ˌɑb/

/ˈwɛrz ʃi ˌfrʌm/

/ˈwʌts yɚ ˌneɪm/

-A cup of tea, please. /ə ˈkʌp əv ˌtiː ˈpliːz/

-Don't forget it, will you? /ˈdəʊn fəˌget ɪt ˌwɪl ˈjuː/

-Don't speak loudly, will you? /ˈdəʊn ˌspiːk ˈlaʊdli ˌwɪl ˈjuː/

-Don't touch it. /ˈdəʊn ˌtʌtʃ ɪt/

-He couldn't accept it. /hi ˈkʊdn əkˌsept ɪt/

-He has to walk. /hi ˈhæs tə ˌwɔːk/

-He is in bed. /ˌhiz ɪm ˈbed/

-He went to the cinema. /hi ˌwen tə ðə ˈsɪnɪmə/

-How do you go? /ˈhaʊ dʒʊ ˌgəʊ/

-How far is it? /ˈhaʊ ˌfɑːr ɪz ɪt/

-I bought these books. /aɪ ˌbɔːt ˈðiːz ˌbʊks ˈjestədeɪ/

-I didn't do any homework. /aɪ ˈdɪdn ˌduː ˈeni ˌhəʊmwɜːk/

-I have to study. /aɪ ˈhæf tə ˌstʌdi/

-I saw her in this shop. /aɪ ˌsɔː ər ɪn ˈðɪʃ ˌʃɒp/

-I stand there. /aɪ ˌstæn ˈðeə/

-It is very bad. /ɪts ˈveri ˌbæd/

-Pass the salt, please. /ˈpɑːs ðə ˌsɔːlt ˈpliːz/

-Post the letter, please. /ˈpəʊs ðə ˌletə ˈpliːz/

-She had to come. /ʃi ˈhæt tə ˌkʌm/

-She has a lot of housework. /ʃi ˌhæz ə ˈlɒt əv ˌhaʊswɜːk/

-She leaves the house. /ʃi ˈliːvz ðə ˌhaʊs/

-She met an old man. /ʃi ˌmet ən ˈəʊl ˌmæn/

-She never comes back. /ʃi ˈnevə ˌkʌmz ˈbæk/

-So he does. /ˌsəʊ hi ˈdʌz/

-Such a good boy. /ˈsʌtʃ ə ˈgʊb ˌbɔɪ/

-The boys are tall. /ðə ˈbɔɪz ə ˈtɔːl/

-They went shopping. /ðeɪ ˌwen ˈʃɒpɪŋ/

-We haven't got many. /wi ˈhævn ˌgɒt ˈmeni/

-What a wonderful day! /ˈwɒt ə ˌwʌndəfl ˈdeɪ/

-What day is it today? /ˈwɒt ˌdeɪ ɪz ɪt təˈdeɪ/

-What do you want? /ˈwɒt djə ˌwɒnt/

-What is the matter? /ˈwɒts ðə ˌmætə/

-What's the time? /ˈwɒts ðə ˌtaɪm/




ASSIMILATION

Assimilation helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand phonemic changes = sound changes in order to improve your listening and speaking skills. They are called ‘changing sounds’.




RAPID/CASUAL SPEECH

/t/  CHANGES to

/p/

BEFORE /m/,  /b/, /p/

/t/  CHANGES to 

/k/

BEFORE  /k/, /g/

/d/  CHANGES to 

/b/

BEFORE /m/,  /b/, /p/

/d/  CHANGES to

/g/

BEFORE /k/, /g/

/n/ CHANGES to

/m/

BEFORE  /m/, /b/, /p/

/n/ CHANGES to

/ŋ/

BEFORE  /k/, /g/

/s/  CHANGES to 

/ʃ/

BEFORE  /ʃ/,  /y/

/z/ CHANGES to 

/ʒ/

BEFORE  /ʃ/,  /y/

/θ/  CHANGES to

/s/

BEFORE  /s/

-Have to study            /ˈhæftə ˌstʌdi/ /v/  changes to /f/ before /t/



-What do you do?       /ˈwɑt dʒʊ ˌdu/ /dy/ changes to /dʒ/ 

-Don't you know?      /ˈdoʊn tʃə ˌnoʊ/ /ty/  changes to /tʃ/ 



/t/ changes to /p/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

       


-best man        /ˌbɛsp ˈmæn/

-Great Britain       /ˌgreɪp ˈbrɪtn/

-pocket money      /ˈpɑkɪp ˌmʌni/

-sit back          /ˌsɪp ˈbæk/

-sweet pepper     /ˌswip ˈpɛpɚ/

-that man          /ˌthæp ˈmæn/

-white meat         /ˌwaɪp ˈmit/
/t/ changes to /k/ before /k/, /g/

       


-credit card                 /ˈkrɛdɪk kɑrd/

-fat girl                       /ˌfæk ˈgɚl/

-first class                     /ˌfɚsk ˈklæs/

-that key                    /ˌthæk ˈki/


/d/ changes to /b/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

     


-bad pain                 /ˌbæb ˈpeɪn/

-closed mind             /ˌkloʊzb ˈmaɪnd/

-gold medal            /ˌgoʊlb ˈmɛdl/

-good morning        /gʊb ˈmɔrnɪŋ/

-old boy                /ˌoʊlb ˈbɔɪ/

-second plan          /ˌsɛkənb ˈplæn/

-stand by               /ˌstænb ˈbaɪ/

-goodbye /gʊbˈbaɪ/

-good man /ˌgʊb ˈmæn/
/d/ changes to /g/ before /k/, /g/

        

-bad girl                      /ˌbæg ˈgɚl/

-good cook                 /ˌgʊg ˈkʊk/

-red carpet                   /ˌrɛg ˈkɑrpɪt/

-sand castle                   /ˌsæng ˈkæsəl/

-second class                 /ˌsɛkəng ˈklæs/

/n/ changes to /m/ before /m/, /b/, /p/

     


-garden party           /ˈgɑrdm ˌpɑrt̬i/

-green bean               /ˌgrim ˈbin/

-one pair                   /ˌwʌm ˈpɛr/

-open mind              /ˌoʊpəm ˈmaɪnd/

-sunbathe                /ˈsʌmbeɪð/

-grandpa /ˈgræmpɑ/


/n/ changes to /ŋ/ before /k/, /g/

       


-green card /ˌgriŋ ˈkɑrd/

-clean canal             /ˌkliŋ kəˈnæl/

-Roman calendar          /ˌroʊməŋ ˈkæləndɚ/

-sunglasses /ˈsʌŋˌglæsɪz/


/s/ changes to /ʃ/ before /ʃ/, /y/

       


-dress shop                  /ˈdrɛʃ ˌʃɑp/

-nice shoes                   /ˌnaɪʃ  ˈʃuz/

-nice yacht                   /ˌnaɪʃ ˈyɑt/

-nice year /ˌnaɪʃ ˈyɪr/

 

/z/ changes to /ʒ/ before /ʃ/, /y/

       


-wise showman /ˌwaɪʒ ˈʃoʊmən/

-name's Sharon                /ˌneɪmʒ ˈʃærən/

-these shops                 /ˌðiʒ ˈʃɑps/
/θ/ changes to /s/ before /s/

       


-both sides                   /ˌboʊs ˈsaɪdz/

-fifth summer               /ˌfɪfs ˈsʌmɚ/

-fifth season                /ˌfɪfs ˈsizən/

-seventh section /ˌsɛvəns ˈsɛkʃən/



LINKING
In spoken English, we link words together if one ends with a consonant sound - b, d, m, n, l, p... - and the next starts with a vowel sound – e, i, u, ə, ɪ...

When people speak quickly, they link the consonant sound at the end of one word with the vowel sound at the start of the next word.



Linking = liaison helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand linking in order to improve your listening and speaking skills.
ISTANBUL TURKISH :


SPELLING

LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS

Dikkat et

/dikkɑ-tet/

Akşam oldu     

/ɑkşɑ-mol-du/

Bir arada

/bi-rɑ-rɑ-dɑ/

Yemin ettim.

/yemi-nettim/

Okuldan izin aldım

/okuldɑ-nizi-nɑldım/

Senin elin

/seni-nelin/

Elinden aldı.

/elinde-nɑldı/

Sevmek istiyorum

/sevme-kistiyorum/

Yapmış olunca

/yɑpmı-şoluncɑ/

        

                              

                                  


LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS


Act-out the story.

/æk-taʊt ðə stɔri/

Before-a noun.

/bɪfɔ-rə naʊn/

Come-in-and sit down.

/kʌ-mɪ-nən sɪt daʊn/

He got-up-at six.

/hi gɑ-tʌ-pət sɪks/

He runs for-a long time.

/hi rʌnz fə-rə lɔŋ taɪm/

He walked-away.

/hi wɔk-tə weɪ/

He was big-and slow.

/hi wəz bɪg-ən sloʊ/

How much-is-it?

/haʊ mʌ-tʃə-zɪt/

I forget-about-it.

/aɪ fɚgɛ-təbaʊ-tɪt/

I get-a haircut. 

/aɪ gɛ-tə hɛrkʌt/

I have-a little money.

/aɪ hæ-və lɪt̬l mʌni/

I ride-a bicycle.

/aɪ raɪ-də baɪsɪkəl/

I think-of-it.

/aɪ θɪŋ-kə-vɪt/

I was-at-a party.

/aɪ wə-zə-tə pɑrt̬i/

It may take-a year.

/ɪt meɪ teɪ-kə yɪr/

It was-a dark place.

/ɪt wə-zə dɑrk pleɪs/

It-is-a picture-of car.

/ɪt-sə pɪktʃə-rəv kɑr/

It's-an-apple.

/ɪt-sə-næpəl/

Look-at the pictures.

/lʊ-kət ðə pɪktʃɚz/

Make-a poster-about yourself.

/meɪ-kə poʊstə-rəbaʊt yɚsɛlf/

She bought-a few books.

/ʃi bɔ-tə fyu bʊks/

He’s good-at his work.

/hiz gʊ-də-tɪz wɚk/

She waits half-an hour.

/ʃi weɪts hæ-fə-naʊɚ/

she walks-in the fresh-air.

/ʃi wɔk-sɪn ðə frɛ-ʃɛr/

That was-in-September.

/ðæt wə-zɪn sɛptɛmbɚ/

The topic-of the program.

/ðə tɑpɪ-kəv ðə proʊgræm/

There were-a lot-of desks.

/ðɛr wə-rə lɑ-təv dɛs/

They help-us.

/ðeɪ hɛl-pəs/

They look-at-it-in surprise.

/ðeɪ lʊ-kə-tɪ-tɪn sɚpraɪz/

They make-a cake.

/ðeɪ meɪ-kə keɪk/

They read-a book.

/ðeɪ ri-də bʊk/

We meet-at seven.

/wi mi-tət sɛvən/

You don't want-it.

/yə doʊnt wʌn-tɪt/


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