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Page | 26/38 | Date | 02.06.2017 | Size | 6 Mb. | | #19908 |
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MANNER OF ARTICULATION
STOP
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p
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b
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t
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d
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k
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g
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AFFRICATE
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tʃ
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dʒ
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FRICATIVE
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f
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v
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θ
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ð
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s
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z
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ʃ
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ʒ
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h
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NASAL
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m
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n
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ŋ
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APPROXIMANT
(CENTRAL)
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w
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r
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j
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APPROXIMANT
(LATERAL)
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l
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PLACE OF ARTICULATION
BILABIAL
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p
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b
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m
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w
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LABIO-DENTAL
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f
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v
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LABIO-VELAR
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w (ʍ)
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DENTAL
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θ
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ð
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ALVEOLAR
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t
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d
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s
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z
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n
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l
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POST-ALVEOLAR
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tʃ
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dʒ
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ʃ
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ʒ
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r
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PALATAL
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j
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VELAR
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k
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g
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ŋ
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GLOTTAL
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h
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THE DESCRIPTION OF ENGLISH CONSONANTS
STOPS
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p
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b
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t
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d
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k
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g
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FRICATIVES
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f
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v
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θ
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ð
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s
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z
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ʃ
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ʒ
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h
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AFFRICATES
|
tʃ
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dʒ
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APPROXIMANTS
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l
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r
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w
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y
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THE SOUNDS OF STANDARD AMERICAN ENGLISH
FRONT
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i
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e
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ɪ
|
ɛ
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æ
|
a
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CENTRAL
|
ʌ
|
ə
|
ɚ
|
ɝ
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BACK
|
u
|
o
|
ʊ
|
ɔ
|
ɑ
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FRONT VOWELS
/i/
|
high
|
close
|
tense
|
unrounded
|
stressed
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/ɪ/
|
high
|
open
|
lax
|
unrounded
|
stressed
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/e/
|
mid
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close
|
tense
|
unrounded
|
stressed
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/ɛ/
|
mid
|
open
|
lax
|
unrounded
|
stressed
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/æ/
|
low
|
open
|
lax
|
unrounded
|
stressed
|
/a/
|
low
|
close
|
tense
|
unrounded
|
stressed
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CENTRAL VOWELS
/ɚ/
|
mid
|
close
|
lax
|
rounded
|
unstressed
|
/ɜ/
|
mid
|
open
|
tense
|
rounded
|
stressed
|
/ʌ/
|
mid
|
close
|
tense
|
unrounded
|
stressed
|
/ə/
|
mid
|
open
|
lax
|
unrounded
|
unstressed
|
BACK VOWELS
/u/
|
high
|
close
|
tense
|
rounded
|
stressed
|
/ʊ/
|
high
|
open
|
lax
|
rounded
|
stressed
|
/o/
|
mid
|
close
|
tense
|
rounded
|
stressed
|
/ɔ/
|
low-mid
|
open
|
lax
|
rounded
|
stressed
|
/ɑ/
|
low
|
open
|
lax
|
unrounded
|
stressed
|
THE SOUNDS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
b
|
dʒ
|
d
|
ð
|
g
|
ʒ
|
l
|
m
|
n
|
ŋ
|
r
|
v
|
w
|
j
|
z
|
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LAX
|
/ɪ/
|
/ɛ/
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/æ/
|
/ɚ/
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/ʌ/
|
/ə/
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/ʊ/
|
/ɔ/
|
/ɑ/
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TENSE
|
/i/
|
/e/
|
/a/
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/ɜ/
|
/u/
|
/o/
|
|
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FRONT VOWELS
|
i
|
ɪ
|
eɪ
|
ɛ
|
æ
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CENTRAL VOWELS
|
ə
|
ʌ
|
|
|
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BACK VOWELS
|
uw
|
ʊ
|
ow
|
ɔ
|
a/ɑ
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SYMBOLS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS
iy
ɪ
|
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uw
ʊ
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ey
ɛ
|
ə
ʌ
|
ow
|
æ
|
|
ɑ
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BRITISH PRONUNCIATION VERSUS AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION
BRITISH ENGLISH
|
AMERCAN ENGLISH
|
/e/
|
/e/ = /ɛ/
|
/æ/
|
/a/
|
/ɪ/
|
/ɪ/
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/ə/
|
/ə/
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/ʌ/
|
/ʌ/ = /ə/
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/ʊ/
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/ʊ/
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/iː/
|
/i/ = /iy/
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/ɜː/
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/ɜr/ = /əɾ/ = /ɚ/
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/ɑː/
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/ɑ/
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/uː/
|
/u/ = /uw/
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/ɔː/
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/ɔ/
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/ɒ/
|
/ɑ/
|
/ɪər/
|
/ɪr/
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/ʊər/
|
/ʊr/
|
/eər/
|
/er/
|
/eɪ/
|
/eɪ/ = /ey/
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/ɔɪ/
|
/ɔɪ/ = /ɔy/
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/aɪ/
|
/aɪ/ = /ay/
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/əʊ/
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/oʊ/ = /ow/
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/aʊ/
|
/aʊ/ = /aw/
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/eɪər/
|
/eɪɚ/ = /eyər/
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/ɔɪər/
|
/ɔɪɚ/ = /ɔyər/
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/aɪər/
|
/aɪɚ/ = /ayər/
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/əʊər/
|
/oʊɚ/ = /owər/
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/aʊər/
|
/aʊɚ/ = /awər/
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