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CONTRACTION (BECOMING SMALLER) IN ENGLISH PHONETIC SYMBOLS



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CONTRACTION (BECOMING SMALLER) IN ENGLISH PHONETIC SYMBOLS

SHORT VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING SMALLER = SHORTER)

LONG VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING LARGER = BIGGER)

/e/

/eː/ = /ɛ/

/ɪ/

/iː/ = /i/

/ə/

/ɜː/ = /ɜ/

/æ/ /ʌ/ /a/

/ɑː/ = /ɑ/

/ʊ/

/uː/ = /u/

/ɒ/

/ɔː/ = /ɔ/




LONG VOWEL PHONEMES

British English

American English

/iː/

/i/

/ɜː/

/ɜ/

/ɑː/

/ɑ/

/uː/

/u/

/ɔː/

/ɔ/

AMERICAN ENGLISH VERSUS BRITISH ENGLISH



AMERICAN ENGLISH

BRITISH ENGLISH

/æ/

/fæst/

ː/

/fɑːst/

/ɚ/

/stɚ/

ː/

/stɜːr/

/ɑ/

/hɑt/

/ɒ/

/hɒt/

/ɔ/

/dɔg/

/ɒ/

/dɒg/

/ɪr/

/hɪr/

/ɪə/

/hɪər/

/ʊr/

/tʊr/

/ʊə/

/tʊər/

/er/

/her/

/eə/

/heər/

/oʊ/

/goʊ/

/əʊ/

/gəʊ/

/r/

/ˈgɑrdn/

/-/

/ˈgɑːdn/

MANNER OF ARTICULATION

STOPS

p

b

t

d

k

g










AFFRICATES


























FRICATIVES

f

v

θ

ð

s

z

ʃ

ʒ

h

NASALS

m

n

ŋ



















SEMI-VOWELS

w

j






















LATERAL

l

























RETROFLEX

r



























AMERICAN and BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY


BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY

AMERICAN ENGLISH VOCABULARY

1st year under-graduate

fresh-man

aeroplane

airplane

autumn

fall  

banknote / note

bill

bath

bathtub / tub

bill 

check

biscuit

cookie

black or white

without or with 

bonnet

hat

book

make a reservation

bookings

reservations 

braces

suspenders 

car park

parking lot

caretaker / porter

janitor

centre

down town

charity

not-for-profit

chemist / pharmacist

druggist  

chemist's

drugstore / pharmacy 

chips

french fries 

cinema

movie house / theater  

class / year

grade 

coach

bus 

conserves

preserves

crisps

potato chips

crossroads

ıntersection

cupboard

closet 

curtains

drapes 

drink-driving

drunk driving

driving licence

driver's license

dual carriageway

divided highway              

dustbin / bin

garbage can / trash can           

dustcart

garbage truck

dustman

garbage man

engaged

busy 

fee

tuition

film

movie 

first floor

second floor

flat

apartment 

flat tyre / puncture

flat tire  

football

soccer 

fortnight

two weeks

garden

yard

ground floor

first floor

handbag

purse   

head teacher

principal

high street

main street

hire

rent

holiday

vacation

hoover

vacuum cleaner 

hoover

vacuum

ill

sick   

indicators

turn signals 

jam 

jelly

jeans / dungarees

overalls

lie in

sleep in

lift

elevator

lorry / van 

truck

lost property

lost and found

mad

crazy 

make redundant

lay off

maths

math  

motorbike

motorcycle  

motorway

inter-state / highway

newsagent

news stand

nightdress

nightgown   

nil

zero

nought

zero 

on stream

on line

open day

open house  

overtake

pass

pavement

sidewalk 

pavement

sidewalk

petrol

gas  

pocket money

allowance

post

mail

post code

zip code 

postbox

mailbox

postman

mailman 

pub

bar

pudding / sweet 

dessert

put through

connect 

queue

line   

railway

railroad

reception

front desk

receptionist

desk clerk

return ticket

round trip ticket

ring up

call / phone

rubber

eraser 

rubbish

garbage / trash   

rucksack

backpack   

sack

fire

semi-detached

duplex 

settee / couch

sofa 

shopping trolley

shopping cart 

single

one–way ticket 

solicitor

attorney / lawyer

sport

sports

spring onions

green onions

starters 

appetizers

state school

public school

sweet 

candy   

sweetcorn

corn

taxi

cab

tea towel

dish towel 

telephone box

telephone booth

telly

television

timetable

schedule 

tinned

canned 

toilet / cloakroom

rest room

torch 

flashlight  

trainers

sneakers 

trousers

pants 

underground / tube

subway

university

college

van

minibus

vest

undershirt 

waistcoat 

vest 

wallet

pocketbook    

wardrobe 

closet  

whisky

whiskey / scotch

zebra crossing

pedestrian crossing / cross-walk


ENGLISH USUAL DIPH-THONGS


BRITISH ENGLISH

AMERICAN ENGLISH

/ɪ/

/ə/

/ɪə/

/ɪ/

/r/

/ɪr/

/ʊ/

/ə/

/ʊə/

/ʊ/

/r/

/ʊr/

/e/

/ə/

/eə/

/e/

/r/

/er/

/e/

/ɪ/

/eɪ/

/e/

/ɪ/

/eɪ/

/ɔ/

/ɪ/

/ɔɪ/

/ɔ/

/ɪ/

/ɔɪ/

/a/

/ɪ/

/aɪ/

/a/

/ɪ/

/aɪ/

/ə/

/ʊ/

/əʊ/

/o/

/ʊ/

/oʊ/

/a/

/ʊ/

/aʊ/

/a/

/ʊ/

/aʊ/


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