LINKING CONSONANTS to VOWELS
after an accident
|
afte-ra-naccident
|
/æftə-rə-næksədənt/
|
ask her about
|
as-ke-rabout
|
/æs-kə-rəbaʊt/
|
back in
|
ba-ckin
|
/bæ-kɪn/
|
bad at
|
ba-dat
|
/bæ-dæt/
|
come and go
|
co-mand go
|
/kʌ-mən goʊ/
|
decide on
|
deci-don
|
/dɪsaɪ-dɑn/
|
for him
|
fo-rim
|
/fə-rɪm/
|
front of
|
fron-tof
|
/frʌn-təv/
|
get up
|
ge-tup
|
/gɛ-tʌp/
|
good at
|
goo-dat
|
/gʊ-dæt/
|
has an
|
ha-san
|
/hæ-zən/
|
have a
|
ha-va
|
/hæ-və/
|
have an egg
|
ha-va-negg
|
/hæ-və-nɛg/
|
help it
|
hel-pit
|
/hɛl-pɪt/
|
invite a
|
invi-ta
|
/ɪnvaɪ-tə/
|
it is
|
i-tis
|
/ɪ-təz/
|
make of
|
ma-kof
|
/meɪ-kʌv/
|
of a
|
o-fa
|
/ə-və/
|
paint it
|
pain-tit
|
/peɪn-tɪt/
|
perform it
|
perfor-mit
|
/pɚfɔr-mɪt/
|
place of
|
pla-cof
|
/pleɪ-səv/
|
record it
|
recor-did
|
/rɪkɔr-dɪd/
|
speak and
|
spea-kand
|
/spi-kən/
|
such as
|
su-chas
|
/sʌ-tʃəz/
|
swim and
|
swi-mand
|
/swɪ-mən/
|
take it easy
|
ta-ki-teasy
|
/teɪ-kɪ-tizi/
|
take off
|
ta-koff
|
/teɪ-kɔf/
|
these are
|
the-sare
|
/ði-zɚ/
|
twice a week
|
twi-ca week
|
/twaɪ-sə wik/
|
under a
|
unde-ra
|
/ʌndə-rə/
|
which activities
|
whi-chactivities
|
/wɪ-tʃæktɪvət̬iz/
|
which of
|
whi-chof
|
/wɪ-tʃəv/
|
with her boyfriend
|
wi-ther boyfriend
|
/wɪ-ðɚ-bɔɪfrɛnd/
|
write or
|
wri-tor
|
/raɪ-t̬ɚ/
|
ELISION
It is mainly /t/ and /d/ are elided (leave out, omit) in English, particularly when they are between two other consonants. They are losing or disappearing in spoken English.
We don’t pronounce the letters ‘t’ or ‘d’ when they come at the end of a word and the next word starts with a consonant sound.
In spoken English, Elision = Omission helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is very important to understand elision in order to improve your listening and speaking skills.
ISTANBUL TURKISH :
ELISION = OMISSION
|
SPELLING
|
PRONUNCIATION
|
Artist oldu.
|
/ɑrtis oldu/
|
Astsubay
|
/ɑssubɑi/
|
Bir çift çorap
|
/bir çif çorɑp/
|
Büst dikti.
|
/büs dikti/
|
Çiftçi
|
/çifçi/
|
Dost kalalım.
|
/dos kɑlɑlım/
|
Dürüst davran.
|
/dürüs dɑvrɑn/
|
Serbest muhasebeci
|
/serbes muhɑsebeci/
|
Tost yedi.
|
/tos yedi/
|
NOTE:
Elision
|
/ɪˈlɪʒən/
|
Omission
|
/oʊˈmɪʃən/, /əˈmɪʃən/
|
OMISSION OF /t/
SPELLING
|
RAPID/CASUAL PRONUNCIATION
|
aren’t playing
|
/ɑrənt pleɪyɪŋ/
|
best friend
|
/bɛst frɛnd/
|
bestseller
|
/bɛstsɛlɚ/
|
breakfast time
|
/brɛkfəst taɪm/
|
can’t sit
|
/kænt sɪt/
|
couldn’t look
|
/kʊdnt lʊk/
|
depressed me
|
/dɪprɛst mi/
|
didn’t come
|
/dɪdnt kʌm/
|
doesn’t think
|
/dʌzənt θɪŋk/
|
hasn’t found
|
/hæzənt faʊnd/
|
haven’t studied
|
/hævənt stʌdid/
|
I don't know
|
/aɪ doʊnt noʊ/
|
invent the phone
|
/ɪnvɛnt ðə foʊn/
|
isn’t speaking
|
/ɪzənt spikɪŋ/
|
kissed me
|
/kɪst mi/
|
missed the bus.
|
/mɪst ðə bʌs/
|
next day
|
/nɛkst deɪ/
|
next month
|
/nɛkst mʌnθ/
|
next station
|
/nɛkst steɪʃən/
|
next week
|
/nɛkst wik/
|
next year
|
/nɛkst yɪr/
|
next please
|
/nɛkst pliz/
|
passed the hotel
|
/pæst ðə hoʊtɛl/
|
post the letter
|
/poʊst ðə lɛt̬ɚ/
|
promised me
|
/prɑmɪst mi/
|
stressed the importance of
|
/strɛst ðiy ɪmpɔrt̬ns əv/
|
used to
|
/yust tə/
|
want to
|
/wʌnt tə/
|
went to
|
/wɛnt tə/
|
won’t work
|
/woʊnt wɚk/
|
wouldn’t stand
|
/wʊdnt stænd/
|
OMISSION OF /d/
SPELLING
|
RAPID/CASUAL PRONUNCIATION
|
arranged them
|
/əreɪndʒd ðəm/
|
bald man
|
/bɔld mæn/
|
changed the room
|
/tʃeɪndʒd ðə rum/
|
climbed the tree
|
/klaɪmd ðə tri/
|
described the man
|
/dɪskraɪbd ðə mæn/
|
disturbed me
|
/dɪstɚbd mi/
|
earned some money
|
/ɚnd səm mʌni/
|
frendly
|
/frɛndli/
|
friends
|
/frɛndz/
|
frightened from
|
/fraɪtnd frəm/
|
killed the dog
|
/kɪld ðə kæt/
|
learned the party
|
/lɚnd ðə pɑrt̬i/
|
listened music
|
/lɪsənd ðə myuzɪk/
|
loved me
|
/lʌvd mi/
|
old dog
|
/oʊld dɔg/
|
phoned me
|
/foʊnd mi/
|
robbed the bank
|
/rɑbd ðə bæŋk/
|
sandwich
|
/sændwɪtʃ/
|
solved the problem
|
/sɑlvd ðə prɑbləm/
|
stand there
|
/stænd ðɛr/
|
surprised me
|
/səpraɪzd mi/
|
turned down
|
/tɚnd daʊn/
|
you and me
|
/yuwənd mi/
|
INTRUSION
In spoken English, intrusive sounds = adding sounds helps you to speak faster and more smoothly. It is important to understand intrusive sounds = extra sounds in order to improve your listening and speaking skills.
ISTANBUL TURKISH: (n, s, ş, y) /ɑltı-ş-ɑr/ /Mɑsɑ-n-ın/ /su-y-un/
THE FIRST WORD ENDINGS
|
INTRUSIVES
|
THE SECOND WORD BEGINNINGS
|
/ʊ/ or /u/
|
intrusive /w/
|
vowel sounds
|
/ɪ/ or /i/
|
intrusive /y/
|
vowel sounds
|
/ə/ or /ɔ/
|
intrusive /r/
|
vowel sounds
|
LINKING VOWEL to VOWEL
THE FIRST WORD ENDS in /ʊ/ or /u/ and THE NEXT WORD BEGINS with a VOWEL sound.
|
intrusive /w/
|
go up /goʊ w ʌp/
you are /yu w ɚ/
you and me /yu w ænd mi/
|
THE FIRST WORD ENDS in /ɪ/ or /i/ and THE FOLLOWING WORD BEGINS with a VOWEL sound.
|
intrusive /y/
|
by a doctor /baɪ y ə dɑktɚ/
he is /hi y əz/
my aunt /maɪ y ænt/
plenty of /plɛnti y əv/
they are /ðeɪ y ɚ/
|
THE FIRST WORD ENDS in /ə/ or /ɔ/ and THE FOLLOWING WORD BEGINS with a VOWEL sound.
|
intrusive /r/
|
Angela and Linda /ændʒələ r ənd lɪndə/
America and England /əmɛrɪkə r ænd ɪŋglənd/
I saw him. /aɪ sɔ r ɪm/
|
BLENDING CONSONANT to CONSONANT
When the first word ends in a consonant and the second word begins with a same consonant, we blend = mix sounds together like one long (clear) consonant.
/t/
|
next to
|
/nɛks Tə/
|
/d/
|
good day
|
/gʊ Deɪ/
|
/k/
|
look calm
|
/lʊ Kɑm/
|
/g/
|
big garden
|
/bɪ Gɑrdn/
|
/m/
|
same mistake
|
/seɪ Mɪsteɪk/
|
/n/
|
phone number
|
/foʊ Nʌmbɚ/
|
/l/
|
small leg
|
/smɔ Lɛg/
|
INTONATION
SENTENCE TYPE
|
EXAMPLES
|
TONE
|
DECLARATIVE SENTENCES
|
He went to school.
He is playing football.
|
A FALLING TONE
|
WH-QUESTIONS
|
What are you doing? Why did she go?
|
A FALLING TONE
|
IMPERATIVES
|
Study English now.
Don’t do it.
|
A FALLING TONE
|
EXCLAMATIONS
|
What a nice student!
What bad weather!
|
A FALLING TONE
|
QUESTION TAGS
(expecting confirmation)
|
He is living here, isn’t he?
She was here, wasn’t she?
|
A FALLING TONE
|
YES-NO QUESTIONS
|
Is she sleeping now? Have you got any money?
|
A RISING TONE
|
QUESTION TAGS
(less certain expectation)
|
They study English, don’t they?
It is rainy, isn’t it?
|
A RISING TONE
|
ALTERNATIVE INTERROGATIVES
|
Do you work or study?
Are you at home or at school?
|
A RISING and
FALLING TONE
|
It is not what you say, but THE WAY YOU SAY IT.
‘SAME sentences, DIFFERENT meanings’
|
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