Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
China Say Yes – Staffed Missions
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China Say Yes – Staffed MissionsChina wants to co-operate with U.S. – specifically on staffed missions de Selding, Space News, 4/14/11 (Peter B., Space News staff writer, “Chinese Government Official Urges U.S.-Chinese Space Cooperation, Space News, http://www.spacenews.com/civil/110414-chinese-official-space-cooperation.html, accessed 7/1/11) EK COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. — A top Chinese government space official on April 14 appealed to the U.S. government to lift its decade-long ban on most forms of U.S.-Chinese space cooperation, saying both nations would benefit from closer government and commercial space interaction. He specifically called for cooperation on manned spaceflight, in which China has made massive investment in recent years. Addressing the National Space Symposium here, Lei said Chinese vehicles launched more than 20 U.S.-built satellites in the 1990s. While cooperation with the United States has been shut down, he said, China has maintained relations with the 18-nation European Space Agency, Brazil, France, Russia and others. China also has developed a telecommunications satellite product line that has been bundled with a Chinese Long March vehicle to offer in-orbit delivery of telecommunications spacecraft to a half-dozen nations that in many cases can offer China access to their crude oil reserves. Lei said he sees three areas in which U.S.-Chinese cooperation would be in both nations’ interests. The first, he said, is an open commercial access of each nation to the other’s capabilities in satellites and launch vehicles. The second, he said, is manned spaceflight and space science, particularly in deep space exploration. The third is in satellite applications including disaster monitoring and management. Serious commitment ensures Chinese interest in cooperation Kulacki, senior analyst Global Union of Concerned Scientists, 1-19-11 (Greg, Dr. Kulacki served as an Associate Professor of Government at Green Mountain College, Director of External Studies at Pitzer College and Director of Academic Programs in China for the Council on International Educational Exchange.Dr. Kulacki earned a doctorate in Political Theory from the Department of Government and Politics and a master’s in International Relations from the University of Maryland, College Park. He also completed graduate certificates in Chinese Economic History and International Politics at Fudan University in Shanghai. “Engaging China on Space” accessed: 6-30-11 http://allthingsnuclear.org/post/2826515287/engaging-china-on-space) TJL To be successful, U.S. efforts to engage China on cooperation in space need a specific task or project, somewhere to go together or something to do together. This project needs to be significant enough for the senior Chinese leadership to interrupt the trajectory of China’s current space agenda and direct China’s space planners to accommodate it. For that to happen China’s leaders will need to be confident the United States will carry through on the project. The abrupt end to the agreement to have China launch U.S. satellites in the 1990s is a reminder of the potential political risk to any Chinese leader considering cooperation with the United States in space. Without those two elements, U.S. efforts to engage China’s space stakeholders are unlikely to succeed. U.S. officials should understand that China’s Foreign Ministry is empowered to implement, but not initiate, policy. If there is nothing to implement, there is nothing for it to do but engage in polite conversation. This may be why the Obama administration officials leave discussions with their Chinese counterparts feeling confused and frustrated. Coop FeasibleThe US and China look towards cooperating on Space Policies. Morring, Aviation Week senior space editor, & Perrett, Aviation Week Asia- Pacific Bureau Chief, 9 (Frank, Jr., & Bradley, 11/23/09 Aviation Week & Space Technology, 00052175, 11/23/2009, Vol. 171, Issue 19:”New Topic” EBSCOhost, accessed 7/1/11, BLG) "The United States and China look forward to expanding discussions on space science cooperation and starting a dialogue on human spaceflight and space exploration, based on the principles of transparency, reciprocity and mutual benefit," says the statement, which was hammered out in advance of Obama's visit. "Both sides welcome reciprocal visits of the NASA administrator and the appropriate Chinese counterpart in 2010." The talks could lead to a role for China on the International Space Station, and possible rides to space for U.S. astronauts on China's Shenzhou spacecraft. John Holdren, Obama's science adviser, has publicly raised the idea of the latter, while Wang Wenbao, director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, has left open the possibility of the former (AW&ST Sept. 28, p. 24). But even the language of the joint statement suggests many hurdles face a reprise of the U.S.-Russian space merger that came at the end of the Cold War. For starters, it isn't clear on either side of the Pacific just exactly who an "appropriate Chinese counterpart" for Bolden would be. China has progressed to the point where cooperation would be helpful Morring, Aviation Week senior space editor, & Perrett, Aviation Week Asia- Pacific Bureau Chief, 9 (Frank, Jr., & Bradley, 11/23/09 Aviation Week & Space Technology, 00052175, 11/23/2009, Vol. 171, Issue 19:”New Topic” EBSCOhost, accessed 7/1/11, BLG) China stands to gain a lot from cooperating with NASA as it pushes its human-spaceflight effort, and not just in terms of the U.S. agency's long experience. But China's growing skills, deep pockets and desire to overcome the fallout from the ASAT test in negotiations at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva and elsewhere make it more of a two-way street. "Military control over the Chinese program is not the only factor," says a U.S. government official in Beijing. "There has always been a feeling that cooperation would mean us helping them far more than they could help us, because we have been so far ahead. But China has come a long way. The relationship can now be much more balanced than it could have been in the past. China has more to offer." But first, "we need to learn to work with China before we push all the chips in," says Joan Johnson-Freese of the U.S. Naval War College, an expert on China's space program. At this point, a period of "deciphering intentions" would be in order, she says, noting that it isn't a foregone conclusion that China's space experts are ready to throw their lot in with the U.S. and its other space partners. "The lesson from history is that the process of cooperating with post-Soviet Russia was a long and difficult one, and it was really through the shuttle-Mir program that we built our current foundation," Pace says of the program that sent space shuttles to Russia's Soviet-era Mir orbital station. "That took a decade of hard work. I think people should be appropriately realistic about how long and difficult it will be." Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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