Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
Space Key To Cooperation (2/3)
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Space Key To Cooperation (2/3)[CARD CONTINUES] even some Chinese might question the government's decision to fund a costly space program at a time when there are other pressing concerns, such as developing the country's western provinces to bring living standards and incomes there into line with those in the more prosperous east. But he called the space program "a long-term investment," with the potential for beneficial spillover effects on the civilian economy. "The government is concerned with social welfare issues," Xu said. "But a scientist is also trying to look 20 years down the road." There is also the matter of prestige. As with other grandiose projects - high- speed rail, the world's biggest airport in Beijing, staging the 2008 Olympics - China's Communist leaders view the space program as a way to show citizens that they can produce successes, thus fostering patriotism and support for the party's continued rule. "National pride will increase," Xu said. "It's a selling point used by leading scientists." As part of the effort to expand public awareness of and excitement about the space program, the government broke ground in December for a 3,000-acre space-launch center and theme park on the southern island of Hainan, modeled after the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. When the center opens in 2014, the public will be able to watch rocket launches there from an elevated platform. The adjacent Hainan Space Park, meanwhile, will be divided into four sections, replicating the moon, the sun, Mars and Earth. "We want to combine tourism with education," said Liu Xianbo, an official with China Aerospace International Holdings, which is building the theme park. Hainan offers several advantages as a launch site, compared with China's existing, secrecy-cloaked sites in sparsely populated areas of Shanxi province, Sichuan and the Gobi Desert. It is already a major tourist destination. Its southern location, closer to the equator, maximizes the effects of Earth's rotation, boosting rocket thrust. And in the event of a mishap, launches over water, rather than land, would make rescues easier. Hainan also has another advantage: Parts of the island are already zoned for military use under the PLA's control. China's space program has a civilian component, under the China National Space Administration, but it is run primarily by the military. That could make enhanced cooperation with the United States difficult - and not just from the Chinese side. Last fall, when NASA administrator Charles F. Bolden Jr. visited China to explore areas where the two countries could cooperate in space, two senior Republican members of Congress - Reps. Frank R. Wolf (Va.) and John Abney Culberson (Tex.) - wrote to Bolden beforehand to protest, saying they had "serious concerns about the nature and goals of China's space program" and warning that "China's intentions for its space program are questionable at best." Since Republicans won control of the House in November's elections, Wolf now chairs the House Appropriations Committee's commerce, justice and science subcommittee, which oversees NASA's budget, and Culberson is a senior subcommittee member.
Space Key To Cooperation (3/3)The US and China should cooperate in space—there is too much competition right now Jinnette, Lieutenant Colonel, 9 (James G., Strategy Research Project, “US China Policy: Time for Robust Engagement”, p. 18-19, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA497538) PG Space is another critical shared arena of potential interest-based engagement which must be addressed immediately because of its perceived strategic importance to both China and the US. As America sees its preeminence in space erode with ever-increasing Chinese efforts to dominate space in its own way, China recognizes that space offers it an asymmetric advantage which may help it counter the US during any eventual conflict. Because China depends on access to resources from sea lanes, its primary geopolitical dilemma is maritime power. Quite simply, China views the US Navy as its primary threat. But China well knows how much America’s Navy utilizes space assets to perform its mission, and sees unique opportunities in space to counter the threat to its economic stability.46 As George Friedman observes, “from the Chinese point of view, the denial of space to the United States would undermine American denial of the seas to China.”47 For this reason, China has accelerated its efforts in space; it has destroyed a satellite, conducted a manned spacewalk, and has plans to send an unmanned rover to the surface of the Moon with manned mission to follow years later. 48 Reacting to these developments, experts within the Obama team have considered removing some barriers which exist between NASA and the US Military’s space program to find economies and accelerate NASA’s manned space flight timetable.49 On both sides of the Pacific, space is viewed as a key strategic arena, and both China and the US are taking aggressive steps to gain and or maintain dominance of space to protect their individual national interests. Faced with these developments, avoidance of a cold-war style standoff in space may become impossible unless US policy makers immediately undertake assertive efforts to find an interest-based approach towards cooperative engagement with China in the space arena. If the United States misses the opportunity to cooperate with China in a growing international space competition, it could suffer an erosion of its leadership over the long term.50 Coop Good – Spill Over To Other Areas (1/3)US-Sino joint development key to broader coop Crienglish.com, 11/15/00 [Crienglish.com,“Sino-US Trade and Economic Relations and Technological Cooperation”11/15/00http://english.cri.cn/811/2006/04/14/199@77695.htm, accessed 6/31/11, HK] Thanks to the efforts by the two governments and business communities, great achievements have been made in China-U.S. economic and trade cooperation in recent years. From late October to early November 1997, President Jiang Zemin paid a successful state visit to the U.S., giving a strong impetus to the development of an all-round bilateral relationship, including a sound trade and economic relationship. In June 1998, during President Bill Clinton's state visit to China, China and the U.S. had a broad and in-depth discussion on a wide range of issues, and signed the Agreement on Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation. In May 1998, the 11th Session of the China-U.S Joint Economic Committee was held in Washington, D.C. At the meeting, both sides had a thorough discussion on international and domestic issues of common interest.) In December 1998, the 12th Session of the China -U.S. Joint Committee on Commerce and Trade was held in Washington, D.C. The two sides exchanged views on a wide range of issues of common interest and reached a series of agreements on trade and economic cooperation in various areas. In March 1999, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Dally led a trans-sectoral infrastructure mission to Beijing, and signed with the Chinese side several agreements and memoranda. From April 6 to 14, 1999, Premier Zhu Rongji paid an official visit to the U.S. Premier Zhu and President Clinton released a joint statement on China's accession to the WTO. Premier Zhu and Vice President Gore jointly chaired the Second Session of the China-U.S. Forum on Environment and Development. The two sides also signed a series of protocols and letters of intention in the areas of agriculture, civil aviation, customs, energy, environment, etc. On March 7, 2000, the 13th Session of the China-U.S. Joint Committee on Commerce and Trade was held in Beijing. Chinese Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Shi Guangsheng and U.S. Secretary of Commerce William Dally co-chaired the meeting. The two sides exchanged views on such issues of common interest as China's Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) with the U.S., China's accession to the WTO, trade and investment, sector cooperation, commerce law, etc. The two sides issued a joint statement at the conclusion of the meeting. President Jiang Zemin and Premier Zhu Rongji met with the U.S. delegation. On October 27, 2000, the 13th Session of the China-U.S Joint Economic Committee was held in Washington, D.C. Chinese Minister of Finance Xiang Huaicheng and U.S. Secretary of Treasury Lawrence Summers co-chaired the meeting. The two sides had a discussion on various issues, such as macro economy & banking, enforcement of international law, economic structure reform, regional economic development, among other matters. 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