Guide to International Legal Citation
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- 2. Em-Dashes, En-Dashes and Hyphens
- 3. Quotation marks
- 4. Numbering
- G. Capitalisation
- H. Italicisation
- 2. Italicisation of foreign words
F. Punctuation1. Full stopsTHE RULE Full stops should only be used to mark the end of a sentence or a footnote. They should not be used to indicate abbreviations, e.g. after initials or heading numbers or letters. The sole exception is with the abbreviation of Latin shorthand such as ‘i.e.’ or ‘e.g.’ (but not ‘et al’ or ‘cf’). Where a quotation uses full stops as abbreviation, it should be brought into compliance with this rule. This should not be flagged in the quote as an edit by way of ellipses.
Dr Mr Mrs Ms A-G LLM UK US UN QC Arden LJ e.g. i.e. cf et al etc.
An em-dash (—) may be used in place of parentheses to indicate an aside or apposition within a sentence.4 An en-dash (–) is used to indicate a span between two numbers or letters. It may also be used to mark a tension or disjunction between two concepts, though in such an instance, a forward slash (/) may also be used. A hyphen (-) is used to connect the parts of a compound phrase. EXAMPLES In addition, some commentators—and most notably the Restatement Third—had previously taken the position that there was, in cases of ambiguity, a strong presumption in favour of the self-execution of treaties. [em-dash and hyphen] There was much discussion of this point in paragraphs 44–52 of the judgment. [en-dash] A tort–contract dichotomy. [en-dash] A yes/no question. [forward slash] The Pan-American Union. [hyphen] 3. Quotation marksTHE RULE As stated previously, single quotation marks are preferred to double quotation marks, save in situations in which a quote is placed inside another quote. Single quotation marks should also be used to indicate that a word is being used in an unconventional or distinctive sense.
In 1951, the ILC rejected the ‘compatibility’ criterion as too subjective, preferring a rule of unanimous consent. 4. NumberingTHE RULE Numbers under ten should be written in words. Numerals should be used:
That said, a sentence should never begin with a numeral, even a date. In addition, a number may be written out in full if it forms part of a proper noun. In numbers of four digits or more, a comma should be used to separate each group of three numbers. When dealing with large numbers (e.g. million or billion), the relevant term should be written out in full and not abbreviated (e.g as ‘mn’ or ‘bn’). EXAMPLES one six nine 10 per cent 673 8,700 10,695 2,000,000 2.6 million Second 12th One Hundred and One Arabian Nights G. CapitalisationTHE RULE Capitalisation should be consistent throughout a document. As a rule, words should only be capitalised where they:
Where it is important to add expression or meaning to a term, other words may be capitalised. In the titles of all cited materials, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
Where a phrase appears which is in a foreign language, capitalisation should follow the conventions of that language. The following words should generally be capitalised wherever they appear: Act (or Bill) of Parliament Attorney-General/Solicitor-General/Secretary-General Crown his/her Honour or Lordship/Ladyship Minister Parliament (but ‘parliamentary’) The following words should not be capitalised: common law civil law federal government state internet statute state (or states) party member state The words ‘court’ or ‘tribunal’ or ‘committee’5 should be capitalised when referring to a specific court or tribunal (such as the International Court of Justice, or the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, or a particular arbitral tribunal). When used in the general sense, however, the word should not be capitalised. EXAMPLES The position of the American courts with respect to recognition and standing is similar to the UK position: a non-recognized state or government cannot appear before the forum courts, nor assert a right to property held in the US. The Court’s decision in Nicaragua, particularly from a jurisdictional standpoint, has been much criticized. Whilst the ad hoc Committee here took an overtly aggressive stance towards the decision of the Tribunal, the practice of such committees in general has been far more respectful. In the case of governments, ‘the standard set by international law’ is […] the standard of secure de facto control of all or most of the state territory.
1. Italicisation for emphasisTHE RULE Words within the text may be italicised for emphasis. If words in the quotation are italicised for emphasis, either by the original source or by the author subsequently, then this must be indicated by way of a parenthetical footnote, as either ‘(emphasis original)’ or ‘(emphasis added)’, unless the word is one which would ordinarily be italicised, in accordance with Rule I.H.2.
The obligation of non-recognition has been pronounced upon most recently in the Wall advisory opinion, where the Court said: Given the character and importance of the rights and obligations involved, the Court is of the view that all states are under an obligation not to recognize the illegal situation resulting from the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem. They are also under an obligation not to render aid or assistance in maintaining the situation created by such construction.1 _________________ 1 Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, ICJ Reports 2004 p 136, 200 (emphasis added). 2. Italicisation of foreign wordsTHE RULE Foreign words and phrases should be italicised, unless otherwise indicated in the GILC. This rule self-evidently also includes Latin maxims such as cujus est solum usque ad caelum et ad inferos, nemo dat quod non habet or aut dedere aut iiudicare. EXAMPLES ab initio ad hoc ad idem amicus curiae bona fide caveat emptor de facto de iure erga omnes ius cogens ex gratia ex parte inter alia prima facie sua sponte terra nullius vis-à-vis ultra vires vice versa non est factum ratio decidendi sui generis habeas corpus obiter dictum de lege ferenda acta iure imperii acta iure gestionis quantum meruit res ipsa loquitur ne bis in idem Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2013 2013 -> International post doctoral research fellowship programme final report title of the research 2013 -> Seals Family History 1565 to 2004 2013 -> Rao bulletin 15 July 2013 html edition this bulletin contains the following articles 2013 -> R institute of technology school of foreign languages 2013 -> Provisional Programme – subject to change thursday 10th april 2013 -> June, 2013 National hiv testing Day Month Men’s Health Week Hurricane Safety Month 2013 -> In memory of the residents of the Parish Chesham Bois that served their country during wwii 2013 -> Federal contract awards in georgia april 2013 Download 206.21 Kb. Share with your friends:
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