History of India
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Science: General79. Consider the following statements : 1. On the planet Earth, the fresh water available for use amounts to about less than 1% of the total water found. 2. Of the total fresh water found on the planet Earth 95% is bound up in polar ice caps and glaciers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: (d) Explanation: Only 2.75 percent of the water on Earth is freshwater, about two-thirds of it is frozen in glaciers, a quarter is groundwater and only 0.005 percent of it is surface water. Freshwater lakes, most notably Lake Baikal in Russia and the Great Lakes in North America, contain seven-eighths of this fresh surface water. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water 80. Which one of the following reflects back more sunlight as compared to other three ? (a) Sand desert (b) Paddy crop land (c) Land covered with fresh snow (d) Prairie land Answer: (c) Explanation: Snow is good reflector of the light. Source: Multiple Sources 81. What is the principle by which a cooling system (Radiator) in a motor car works ? (a) Conduction only (b) Convection (c) Radiation only (d) Both conduction and radiation Answer: (b) Explanation: There are many different types of standard heating systems. Central heating is often used in cold climates to heat private houses and public buildings. Such a system contains a boiler, furnace, or heat pump to heat water, steam, or air, all in a central location such as a furnace room in a home or a mechanical room in a large building. The use of water as the heat transfer medium is known as hydronics. The system also contains either ductwork, for forced air systems, or piping to distribute a heated fluid and radiators to transfer this heat to the air. The term radiator in this context is misleading since most heat transfer from the heat exchanger is by convection, not radiation. HVAC (pronounced either "H-V-A-C" or "aetch-vak") is an acronym that stands for the closely related functions of "Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning" - the technology of indoor or automotive environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a major subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Source: Multiple Sources 82. Which among the following do/does not belong/belongs to the GSM family of wireless technologies ? (a) EDGE (b) LTE (c) DSL (d) Both EDGE and LTE Answer: (c) Explanation: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is the most popular standard for mobile telephony systems in the world. The GSM Association, its promoting industry trade organization of mobile phone carriers and manufacturers, estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. Newer versions of the standard were backward-compatible with the original GSM system. For example, Release '97 of the standard added packet data capabilities by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Release '99 introduced higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the trademarked project name of a high performance air interface for cellular mobile telephony. It is a project of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), operating under a named trademarked by one of the associations within the partnership, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. LTE is a step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gsm 83. Indiscriminate disposal of used fluorescent electric lamps causes mercury pollution in the environment. Why is mercury used in the manufacture of these lamps ? (a) A mercury coating on the inside of the lamp makes the light bright white (b) When the lamp is switched on, the mercury in the lamp causes the emission of ultra-violet radiations (c) When the lamp is switched on, it is the mercury which converts the ultra-violet energy into visible light (d) None of the statement given above is correct about the use of mercury in the manufacture of fluorescent lamps Answer: (c) Source: Multiple Sources 84. Chlorination is a process used for water-purification. The disinfecting action of chlorine is mainly due to (a) The formation of hydrochloric acid when chlorine is added to water (b) The formation of hypochlorous acid when chlorine is added to water (c) The formation of nascent oxygen when chlorine is added to water (d) The formation of hydrogen when chlorine is added to water Answer: (b) Explanation: Chlorination is the process of adding the element chlorine to water as a method of water purification to make it fit for human consumption as drinking water. Water which has been treated with chlorine is effective in preventing the spread of water born disease. When chlorine is added to water, it reacts to form a pH dependent equilibrium mixture of chlorine, hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid : Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + HCl Depending on the pH, hypochlorous acid partly dissociates to hydrogen and hypochlorite ions: HClO → H+ + ClO- In acidic solution, the major species are Cl2 and HOCl while in alkaline solution effectively only ClO- is present. Very small concentrations of ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4- are also found. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorination 85. Consider the following : 1. Bluetooth device 2. Cordless phone 3. Microwave oven 4. Wi-Fi device Which of the above can operate between 2-4 and 2-5 GHz range of radio frequency band ? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Answer: (d) Explanation: Not sure Source: Not sure
86. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles produce one of the following as "exhaust" (a) NH3 (b) CH4 (c) H2O (d) H2O2 Answer: (c) Source: Multiple Sources
87. Recently, LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) procedure is being made popular for vision correction. Which one of the following statements in this context is not correct ? (a) LASIK procedure is used to correct refractive errors of the eye (b) It is a procedure that permanently changes the shapes of the cornea (c) It reduces a person's dependence on glasses or contact lenses (d) It is a procedure that can be done on the person of any age Answer: (d) Explanation: LASIK or Lasik (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) is a type of refractive surgery for correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. LASIK is performed by ophthalmologists using a laser. LASIK is similar to other surgical corrective procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy, PRK, (also called ASA, Advanced Surface Ablation) though it provides benefits such as faster patient recovery. Both LASIK and PRK represent advances over radial keratotomy in the surgical treatment of vision problems, and are thus viable alternatives to wearing corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses for many patients. New advances in eyesight corrective surgery are providing consumers greater choices. Patients in their 40s or 50s who are considering LASIK surgery to improve their vision might want to consider to be evaluated for implantable lenses as well. "Early signs of a cataract might argue for surgery and implantation of multifocal lenses instead." The FDA has approved LASIK for age 18 and over. More importantly the person's eye prescription needs to be stable for at least one year prior to surgery. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LASIK 88. Consider the following: 1. Oxides of Hydrogen 2. Oxides of Nitrogen 3. Oxides of Sulphur Which of the above causes/cause acid rain ? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (c) Explanation: Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, i.e. elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition. Acid rain is caused by emissions of compounds of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the production of sulfuric oxide into the Earth's atmosphere with positive results. However, it can also be caused naturally by the splitting of nitrogen compounds by the energy produced by lightning strikes, or the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere by volcano eruptions. 
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain 89. If a potato is placed on a pure paper plate which is white and unprinted and put in a microwave oven, the potato heats up but the paper plate does not. This is because: (a) Potato is mainly made up of starch whereas paper is mainly made up of cellulose (b) Potato transmits microwaves whereas paper reflects microwaves (c) Potato contains water whereas paper does not contain water (d) Potato is a fresh organic material whereas' paper is a dead organic material Answer: (?) Explanation: Not sure Source: Not sure Science: Biology90. Which bacterial strain, developed from natural isolates by genetic manipulations, can be used for treating oil spills ? (a) Agrobacterium (b) Clostridium (c) Nitrosomonas (d) Pseudomonas Answer: (d) Explanation: A preliminary study was undertaken to determine the optimal conditions for the biodegradation of a crude oil. Among 57 oil-degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil-contaminated soil samples, Bacillus sp. IOS1-7, Corynebacterium sp. BPS2-6, Pseudomonas sp. HPS2-5, and Pseudomonas sp. BPS1-8 were selected for the study based on the efficiency of crude oil utilization. Along with the selected individual strains, a mixed bacterial consortium prepared using the above strains was also used for degradation studies. The mixed bacterial consortium showed more growth and degradation than did individual strains. At 1% crude oil concentration, the mixed bacterial consortium degraded a maximum of 77% of the crude oil. This was followed by 69% by Pseudomonas sp. BPS1-8, 64% by Bacillus sp. IOS1-7, 45% by Pseudomonas sp. HPS2-5, and 41% by Corynebacterium sp. BPS2-6. The percentage of degradation by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased from 77 to 45% as the concentration of crude oil was increased from 1 to 12%. Temperature of 35°C and pH 7 were found to be optimum for maximum degradation. Source: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117899181/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 91. Which feature of some, species of blue-green algae helps promote them as bio-fertilizers? (a) They convert- atmospheric methane into ammonia which the crop plants can absorb readily (b) They induce the crop plants to produce the enzymes which help convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates (c) They have the mechanism to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the crop plants can absorb readily (d) They induce the roots of the crop plants to absorb the soil nitrates in larger quantities Answer: (c) Explanation: Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria or Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria include unicellular and colonial species. Colonies may form filaments, sheets or even hollow balls. Some filamentous colonies show the ability to differentiate into several different cell types: vegetative cells, the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions; akinetes, the climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh; and thick-walled heterocysts, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase, vital for nitrogen fixation. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_green_algae 92. Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also considered a good option for the production of bio-diesel in India ? 1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions of India. 2. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: (c) Explanation: Milletia pinnata is a species of tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to southern Asia. It is often known by the synonym Pongamia pinnata as it was moved to the genus Millettia only recently. Common names include Indian Beech Tree, Honge Tree, Pongam Tree. The Honge Tree is well-adapted to arid zones and has many traditional uses. It is often used for landscaping purposes as a windbreak or for shade due to the large canopy and showy fragrant flowers. The seed oil has been found to be useful in diesel generators and, along with Jatropha, it is being explored in hundreds of projects throughout India and the third world as feedstock for biodiesel. M. pinnata has the rare property of producing seeds of 25–40% lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnata 93. Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol ? (a) Jatropha (b) Maize (c) Pongamia (d) Sunflower Answer: (b) Explanation: Ethanol is derived from fermentation of maize. Source: Multiple sources
94. Some species of plants are insectivorous. Why? (a) Their growth in shady and dark places does not allow them- to undertake sufficient photosynthesis and thus they depend on insects for nutrition. (b) They are adapted to grow in nitrogen deficient soils and thus depend on insects for sufficient nitrogenous nutrition (c) They cannot synthesize certain vitamins themselves and depend on the insects digested by them (d) They have remained in that particular stage of evolution as living fossils, a link between autotrophs and heterotrophs Answer: (b) Explanation: Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Carnivorous plants appear adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bogs and rock outcroppings. Charles Darwin wrote the first well-known treatise on carnivorous plants in 1875. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivorous_plan 95. With reference to the treatment of cancerous tumours, a tool called cyberknife has been making the news. In this context, which one of the following statements is not correct ? (a) It is a robotic image guided system (b) It delivers an extremely precise dose of radiation (c) It has the capability of achieving sub-millimetre accuracy (d) It can map the spread of tumour in the body Answer: (d) Explanation: The CyberKnife is a frameless robotic radiosurgery system invented by John R. Adler, a Stanford University Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, and Peter and Russell Schonberg of Schonberg Research Corporation. The two main elements of the CyberKnife are (1) the radiation produced from a small linear particle accelerator and (2) a robotic arm which allows the energy to be directed at any part of the body from any direction. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberknife 96. King Cobra is the only snake that makes its own nest. Why does it make its nest ? (a) It is a snake-eater and the nest helps attract other snakes (b) It is a viviparous snake and needs a nest to give birth to its offspring (c) It is an oviparous snake and lays its eggs in the nest and guards the nest until they are hatched (d) It is a large, cold blooded animal and needs a nest to hibernate in the cold season Answer: (c) Explanation: The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the world's longest venomous snake, with a length up to 5.6 m (18.5 ft).[1] This species is widespread throughout Southeast Asia and parts of India, and is found mostly in forested areas. The King Cobra is fierce, agile, and can deliver a large quantity of highly potent venom in a single bite. It is one of the most dangerous and feared Asiatic snakes. The female King Cobra is a very dedicated parent. Before she is ready to lay her eggs, she uses the coils of her long body to gather a big mound of leaf litter. She deposits 20–40 eggs into the mound, which acts as an incubator. The female stays with her eggs and guards the mound tenaciously, rearing up into a threat display if any large animal gets too close. Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs, with little or no other development within the mother. The study or collecting of eggs, particularly bird eggs, is called oology. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Cobra 97. Consider the' following statements : 1. The Taxus tree naturally found in the Himalayas. 2. The Taxus tree is listed in the Red Data Book. 3. A drug called "taxol" is obtained from Taxus tree is effective against Parkinson's disease. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: (d) Explanation: Taxus is a genus of yews, small coniferous trees or shrubs in the yew family Taxaceae. They are relatively slow growing and can be very long-lived, and reach heights of 1-40 m, with trunk diameters of up to 4 m. Taxus wallichiana (Himalayan Yew) is a species of yew, native to the Himalaya from Afghanistan east to western Yunnan in southwestern China, at altitudes from 2,000–3,500 m. Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. It was discovered in a National Cancer Institute program at the Research Triangle Institute in 1967 when Monroe E. Wall and Mansukh C. Wani isolated it from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree, Taxus brevifolia and named it 'taxol'. When it was developed commercially by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) the generic name was changed to 'paclitaxel' and the BMS compound is sold under the trademark 'TAXOL'. In this formulation, paclitaxel is dissolved in Cremophor EL and ethanol, as a delivery agent. A newer formulation, in which paclitaxel is bound to albumin, is sold under the trademark Abraxane. Paclitaxel is now used to treat patients with lung, ovarian, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Paclitaxel is also used for the prevention of restenosis. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus_wallichiana
98. From the point of view of evolution of living organisms, which one of the following is the correct sequence of evolution ? (a) Otter -Tortoise - Shark (b) Shark - Tortoise - Otter (c) Tortoise - Shark - Otter (d) Shark - Otter - Tortoise. Answer: (d) Explanation: Not sure Source: Not sure 99. Consider the following statements : 1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV/AIDS 2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer Which of the statements given above is /are correct ? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Answer: (b) Explanation: Hepatitis B is an infectious illness caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which infects the liver of hominoidae, including humans, and causes an inflammation called hepatitis. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus may be either asymptomatic or may be associated with a chronic inflammation of the liver (chronic hepatitis), leading to cirrhosis over a period of several years. This type of infection dramatically increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). Chronic carriers are encouraged to avoid consuming alcohol as it increases their risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B virus has been linked to the development of Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B 100. Excessive release of the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO) into the air may produce a condition in which oxygen supply in the human body decreases. What causes this condition ? (a) When inhaled into the human body, CO is converted into CO2 (b) The inhaled CO has much higher affinity for haemoglobin as compared to oxygen (c) The inhaled CO destroys- the chemical structure of haemoglobin (d) The inhaled CO adversely affects the respiratory centre in the brain Answer: (b) Source: Multiple Sources For more free study material please visit: http://www.upscportal.com http://www.upscportal.com Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 156.06 Kb. Share with your friends:
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