Hithes doc Version 14

render prominent &c. adj.; raise 307; emboss, chase.

[become convex] belly out.

Adj. convex.

bulging, distended, bulbous, protuberant, swollen, gibbous; ventricular, ventricous[obs3], ventricose, verrucose[obs3].

{{similar_to(distended): bloated &c. (expanded) R194}}.

prominent, projecting &c. v..

bossed, embossed, bossy, nodular, bunchy.

clavate, clavated[obs3], claviform.

hummocky[obs3], moutonne[obs3].

breast-shaped, mammiform, mammiliform[obs3].

{{similar_to(breast-shaped)}} {{property_of(multiplicity)}} mammilary, mammilated.

knobbed, knobby, nipple-like, papillary, papillose, papulous[obs3], papilose[obs3].

hemispheric; bowed, arched; bold.

bellied, pot-bellied.

tuberous, tuberculous; tumous[obs3]; cornute[obs3], odontoid[obs3].

lens-shaped, lentiform[obs3], lenticular.

club shaped, hubby [obs3][U.S.], hubbly [obs3][U.S.].

saddle-shaped, selliform[obs3].

toroid, toroidal, torose[obs3].

salient, in relief, raised, repousse.

plane; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab.

{{similar_to: smoothness &c. 255}}.

{{property_of: stratum &c. 204}}.

{{has_superlative}} dead flat; level plane.

{{has_conceptual_part: @R213, levelness, horizontalality}}.

{{&formed_by}} flattening, planing, leveling; grading.

{{function_of(planing): plane, power plane}}.

{{function_of(leveling, grading): grader; steam roller}}.

V. render flat, flatten; plane; level &c. 213.

Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform[obs3], discoid; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.

{{has_conceptual_part: @R213, level, horizontal}}.

hollow, hollowness.

indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus[obs3], lacuna.

{[of(land)]} excavation, pit, strip mine.

trough &c. (furrow) 259.

{{property_of(multiplicity)}} honeycomb.

{{property_of(multiplicity): sponge, 252a}}.

cup, basin, crater, punch bowl; cell &c. (receptacle) 191; socket.

{[of(land)]} valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe[obs3], bottom, slade[obs3], strath[obs3], glade, grove, glen.

{[of(land)]} cave, cavern, cove; grot[obs3], grotto.

alcove, cul-de-sac.

{{similar_to: gully &c. 198}}.

{{has_conceptual_part: arch &c. (curve) 245}}.

{[of(seacoast, @R342, @P2.3.1.1.6.2.1): bay, R343, P2.3.1.1.6.1.1.2]}.

{{created_by(excavation): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.6, excavator, sapper, miner, driller}}.

{[in_frame(anatomy)]} infundibulum.

retire, cave in, collapse.

{[of(land)]} settle.

render concave &c. adj.; depress, hollow.

scoop, scoop out; gouge, gouge out, dig, delve, excavate.

mine, sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in.

{{formed_by(concavity)}} dent, dint, impress, stamp.

Adj. concave, depressed.

cup-shaped, scyphiform[obs3], scyphose[obs3].

dished, dishing, calathiform[obs3].

bowl-shaped.

{{property_of(multiplicity)}} pitted, honeycombed, alveolar, alveolate, favaginous[obs3], faveolate[obs3], favose[obs3].

hollow, stove in.

retiring; retreating.

cavernous, gaping, wide open.

{{similar_to(honeycombed): porous, R260}}.

funnel-shaped, infundibular, infundibuliform, infundibul[obs3].

bell-shaped, campaniform[obs3].

capsular.

{{similar_to: vaulted, arched}}.
<-- R252a, Sponge, moved to texture, P1.2.4.3.2

[[sharp]] -->

keenness; acuity, acumination[obs3]; spinosity[obs3].

{{property_of: point, spike, spine, needle, R253b}}.

nib, tooth, tusk; spoke, cog, ratchet.

crag, crest, arete[Fr], cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille[obs3]; spire, pyramid, steeple.

{{property_of(sharpness): prickly plant, R367a, @P2.3.2.4}}.

{{property_of: cutting instrument, R253a, P2.3.1.3.12.4}}.

{{property_of: prickly animal, porcupine, hedgehog}}.

{{function_of(render sharp)}} sharpener, hone, strop; grindstone, whetstone, grinding wheel; novaculite[obs3]; steel, emery.

V. be sharp &c. adj.; taper to a point; bristle with.

render sharp &c. adj.; sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate[obs3], set, strop, grind; chip [flint].

cut &c. (sunder) 44.

Adj. sharp, keen, pointed.

acute; acicular, aciform[obs3]; aculeated[obs3], acuminated[obs3].

tapering; conical, pyramidal; mucronate[obs3], mucronated[obs3].

spindle shaped, needle shaped.

spiked, spiky, pointy, ensiform[obs3].

peaked, salient.

cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated[obs3].

horned, cornute[obs3], cornuted[obs3], cornicultate[obs3].

spiny, spinous[obs3], spicular, bristling, bristled, setaceous, setarious[obs3], spiniferous, spiniform[obs3], spinuliferous[obs3], echinate[obs3], gladiate[obs3].

{{property_of(spiny): porcupine, hedgehog; sea urchin}}.

prickly, thorny, bristling, studded, thistly, snaggy, muricated[obs3], pectinated[obs3], briary[obs3].

{{property_of(thorny): rose; briar}}.

{{similar_to: craggy &c. (rough) 256}}.

finger-like, fingered, digitated[obs3].

two-edged, double-edged, doubly tapering, fusiform[Microb].

toothlike, tooth-shaped, dentiform[obs3], odontoid[obs3]; toothed, toothy, denticulated.

starlike, stellated[obs3], stelliform[obs3].

arrow-shaped, sagittate[obs3], sagittiform[obs3].

barbed, spurred, arrowheaded[obs3]; arrowy[obs3].

{{property_of(barbed): barbed wire}}.

acinaciform; apiculate[obs3], apiculated[obs3]; aristate[obs3], awned, awny[obs3], bearded, calamiform[obs3].

cone-shaped, coniform[obs3], crestate[obs3].

awl, awl-shaped, subulate[obs3].

lance-shaped, lanceolate[obs3], lanciform.

scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped.

tetrahedral, xiphoid[obs3].

cutting; sharp edged, knife edged; sharp as a razor, keen as a razor; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; sharpened &c. v.; set
P1.2.4.3.1.5 Bluntness

#254. Bluntness. -- N. bluntness, dullness.

V. be blunt, be dull.

[render blunt] render blunt, blunt, dull, obtund[obs3]; take off the point, take off the edge, take the edge off; turn.

pointless, unpointed; edentate, toothless.

{[of(battlement)]} crenel.

{{part_of(renel)}} embrasure, battlement, machicolation[obs3].

{[of(saw)]} tooth, crenelle[obs3].

scallop, scollop[obs3], vandyke.

depression; jag.

{{part_of}} crenation.

{{conceptual_part_of: @R259, groove, furrow}}.

jag; scarify, scotch, crimp.

scallop, scollop[obs3], crenulate[obs3], vandyke.

Adj. notched, nicked, dented, indented, jagged.

crenate, crenellated, crenated[obs3].

dentate, dentated, denticulate, denticulated, toothed, palmated[obs3], toothy.

serrated, serrate, crenulate.

flexion, flexure, joint, elbow.

double, doubling, duplicature[obs3].

{[of(cloth)]} tuck, gather, ruffle.

wrinkle, crinkle, crankle[obs3], crumple, rumple, rivel[obs3], ruck[obs3], rimple[obs3].

dog's ear.

{{property_of(multiplicity)}} corrugation.

frounce[obs3], flounce, lapel.

pucker, crow's feet; plication[obs3].

V. fold, double, plicate[obs3], plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle[obs3], curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple[obs3], rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce[obs3], rivel[obs3], twill.

corrugate.

ruffle, pleat.

crimple[obs1], crumple, pucker; turn down, double down, down under; tuck, ruck[obs3], hem, gather.

{[of(paper/page)]} dog-eared.

scratch, crack, score, incision, slit; streak, striae, striation; chamfer, fluting.

{{part_of}} corduroy road, cradle hole.

sulcus[Anat].

gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke; trench, fosse[obs3], trough, kennel.

gully; tajo [obs3][U.S.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.].

{{&has_location(water)}} {{function_of(defense)}} moat.

{{&has_location(water)}} channel; canal.

{{similar_to: @198, ravine, fault, flaw; fissure, breach, rent, crevice, cleft, cranny, crack, split, rift, slit, interval }}.

V. [transitive] furrow, trench, groove.

flute, plow.

incise, engrave, etch, bite in; scratch, crack, score, streak.

Adj. furrowed, grooved, rutted.

fluted, striated, sulcated[Anat], canaliferous[obs3], canaliculated[obs3].

doubly grooved, two-grooved, bisulcous[obs3], bisulcate[obs3], bisulcated[obs3].

singly grooved, one-grooved, unisulcate[obs3].

ribbed, corduroy, costate[obs3], costated[obs3], rimose[obs3], rimiform[obs3].

triply grooved, three-grooved, trisulcate[obs3].

{{&result_of: @P2.6.1.2.2.3, puncture, perforation, penetration}}.

outlet, inlet; vent, vomitory; embouchure; orifice.

pinhole, keyhole, loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole; eye of a needle; eyelet; slot.

funnel, gully, tunnel, main; mine, pit, adit[obs3], shaft; gallery.

channel, passage, passageway.

vessel, tubule, canal, gut.

adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3].

alley, aisle, glade, vista.

bore, caliber; pore; blind orifice; fulgurite[obs3], thundertube[obs3].

{{property_of(multiplicity)}} sieve, colander, screen, riddle, cullender[obs3], cribble[obs3]; honeycomb.

{[of(body organ, @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1)]} fontanel, fontanelle, fontanel[obs3].

{[of(body organ, @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1)]} foramen; fistula, ostium.

{[of(land)]} {{property_of(deep)}} boring, borehole.

{{has_subtype(borehole)}} well.

{{property_of(multiplicity}} porousness, porosity.

{{&result_of}} yawning, splitting, dehiscence, oscitancy[obs3], patefaction[obs1], hiation[obs3], pandiculation[obs3].

{{similar_to: chasm &c. (interval) 198}}.

{{has_subtype(orifice)} {{has_part(body, P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.1): mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet; nose, nozzle}}.

{[of(garment)]} placket.

{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} {{has_subtype: embrasure, window, casement; abatjour[obs3]; light; sky light, fan light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel[Arch]; dormer, lantern}}.

{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} {{has_subtype: portal, porch, gate, ostiary[obs1], postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door; arcade; cellarway[obs3], driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway; lich gate[obs3]}}.

{{has_subtype: way, path, thoroughfare &c. 627}}.

{{has_subtype(channel): @R350, tube, pipe}}.

{{has_subtype(pipe): water pipe &c. 350; air pipe &c. 351}}.

{{has_part(building, P2.3.1.3.10.2)}} smokestack; chimney, flue.

{{has_subtype(outlet)}} {{has_part(container)}} tap.

key &c. 631, opener, master key, password, combination, passe-partout.

perforate, pierce, empierce[obs1].

tap, bore, drill.

{{has_subtype: mine &c. (scoop out) 252}}.

tunnel; transpierce[obs3], transfix.

{{formed_by: @P2.6.1.2.2.3, penetrate, enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, knife, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle}}.

punch; stave in.

cut a passage through; make way for, make room for.

open, pull open, throw open, pop open, uncover, unclose, unrip[obs3]; lay open, cut open, rip open, blow open, pry open, tear open.

Adj. open, opened; wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped; gaping, yawning, opening, oscitant[obs3].

perforated, pierced, perforate.

patent.

tubular, cannular[obs3], fistulous.

vesicular, vascular, vasicular[obs3].

follicular, cribriform[obs3], riddled; tubulous[obs3], tubulated[obs3], foraminous[obs3]; piped, tubate[obs3].

Int. open sesame!
P1.2.4.3.1.10 Closure

#261. Closure. -- N. {{has_subtype(hindrance, R706)}} closure, occlusion, blockage, block, blockade; seal.

lock, bolt; bar.

embolus, embolism, infarction; constipation, obstipation[obs3].

{{&formed_by: contraction, R195, P2.4.2.5.2}}.

blind alley, blind corner; keddah[obs3]; cul-de-sac, caecum.

impermeability, impenetrability, imperforation[obs3], imperviousness.

{{function_of: @R263, stopper, plug, bung, cork}}.

{{function_of: @R223, cover, cap, lid}}.

{{&formed_by}} closure, closing, blocking; shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppering, corking, capping; sealing, caulking, plugging.

{{&result_of(impermeability): @P1.2.2.3.1.3.1, @R233, Covering,

taping; spackling, cementing, plastering; waxing, priming, painting, lacquering, shellacing}}.

V. {{has_subtype(hinder, R706)}} close, occlude, plug.

stop, seal.

block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up.

button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up; blockade, obstruct &c.

plumb; lock, bar, bolt.

choke, throttle; ram down, dam, cram.

trap, clinch; put to the door, shut the door.

Adj. closed, sealed, occluded, plugged, stopped up; shut, operculated[obs3]; unopened.

impenetrable; impassable, unpassable[obs1]2; invious[obs1]; pathless, wayless[obs3]; untrodden, untrod.

impervious, impermeable, unpierced[obs3], imporous[obs3], caecal[Med]; closable; imperforate.

unventilated; air tight, gas tight; water tight, water proof; hermetically sealed; tight, snug.

cone, cone-shape; funnel, funnel-shape.

constriction, stricture, neck, bottleneck.

waist, waisline, midriff, middle.

isthmus.

{{has_metaphor(constriction)}} {{part_of(constriction): wasp, hourglass}}.

{{property_of(constriction): ridge, ghaut[obs3], ghat[obs3], pass; ravine &c. 198}}.

{{&caused_by: contraction &c. 195}}.

cone-shaped, funnel-shaped; wedge-shaped.

{{result_of}} smoothing; finishing, glossing.

{{has_subtype(smoothing)}} polishing.

{{uses(smoothing)}} roller, lawn roller, rolling pin, rolling mill; sand paper, emery paper, emery cloth, sander; flat iron, sad iron; burnisher, turpentine and beeswax; polish, shoe polish.

{[of(road pavement)]} {{carried_out_by(rolling)}} steam roller,

{[of(road pavement)]} {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} leveling, rolling.

{[of(cloth)]} {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} ironing, pressing.

{[of(gemstones)]} {{result_of}} {{has_subtype(polishing)}} gemstone polishing.

{{studied_in(gemstone polishing)}} lapidary.

{{has_method(smoothing)}} {{has_subtype(abrasion, R195, P1.2.2.1)}} planing; filing; sanding.

{{performed_by(gemstone polishing): @P2.3.2.3.2.3.8, lapidary, lapidarian; gemcutter}}.

{{property_of}} {{has_subtype(material): down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen[obs3]; glass, ice}}.

{{property_of: slide; asphalt, wood pavement, flagstone, flags}}.

{{property_of: bowling green &c. (level) 213}}.

[render smooth] {{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(abrade, @P2.4.2.5.3)}} file; sand; polish, burnish.

{{has_subtype(smoothing)}} {{has_method(cutting, R44)}} plane; mow; shave.

level, roll; macadamize.

calender[obs3], glaze.

iron, hot-press, mangle.

lubricate &c. (oil) 332.

Adj. smooth.

smoothed; oiled; leveled; ironed; polished, burnished.

slick, sleek, glossy, leiodermatous[obs3], velutinous[obs3].

even.

silken, silky, satiny.

lanate[obs3], downy, velvety.

glabrous, slippery , glassy, lubricous, oily.

soft, unwrinkled[obs3].

smooth as glass, smooth as ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet.

smooth as oil.

woolly &c. (feathery) 256.

grain, texture, tooth.

ripple; asperity, rugosity[obs3], salebrosity[obs1].

corrugation, nodosity[obs3].

coarseness, scale, irregularity.

{{has_subtype(branching, R242}}.

{{property_of: @P2.3.2.2.1.1.1.2, brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi; lovelock; beaucatcher[obs3]; curl paper; goatee; papillote, scalp lock}}.

{{property_of}} plumage, plumosity[obs3]; plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, toupee.

{{property_of: wool, velvet, fur, down; plush, nap, pile, floss; byssus[obs3], moss, bur; fluff}}.

{{property_of: knot (convolution) 248}}.

go against the grain.

render rough, render coarse, render uneven; roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple.

knot, gnarl, snarl.

coarse, uneven, irregular, scabrous, scaly.

{[of(filament)]} knotted, gnarled, snarled.

rugged, rugose[obs3], rugous[obs3]; knurly[obs3].

asperous[obs3], crisp, salebrous[obs1].

unpolished, unsmoothed, unfinished, unsmooth[obs3], roughhewn.

craggy, cragged; crankling[obs3], scraggy.

{{similar_to: prickly &c. (sharp, R253)}}.

leafy, well-wooded.

{{has_subtype: branched, R242}}.

feathery; plumose, plumigerous[obs3]; laciniate[obs3], laciniform[obs3], laciniose[obs3]; pappose[obs3].

pileous[obs3], pilose[obs3]; trichogenous[obs3], trichoid[Med].

tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, filamentous, hirsute; crinose[obs3], crinite[obs3]; bushy, hispid, villous, bearded, pilous[obs3], shaggy, shagged, pappous[obs3].

fringed, befringed[obs3]; setous[obs1], setose[obs3], setaceous.

downy, velvety, flocculent, woolly, fluffy; lanate[obs3], lanated[obs3]; lanuginous[obs3], lanuginose[obs3]; tomentose[obs3].

Adv. against the grain.

Phr. cabello luengo y corto el seso[Sp]; ; "like quills upon the fretful porcupine" [Hamlet]; rough as a nutmeg grater, rough as a bear.
P1.2.4.3.2.3 Porosity

#252a. Porosity

N. porosity, sponginess; permeability.

{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9, sponge, honeycomb}}.

{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9, sieve, net, screen; strainer; frit[Chem], filter}}.

{{property_of: @P2.3.1.3.12.9, cloth}}.

cellular, spongy, spongiform, spongious[obs3]; honeycombed, alveolar; sintered.

P2. Material Phenomena [[matter]]

316. Materiality 317. Immateriality

318. World

319. Gravity 320. Levity

-->

<-- note that reality has two different definitions in this entry -->

#316. MATTER. -- N. matter; the real world, the physical universe; reality, objective reality.

{{antonym_of(objective reality): subjective reality, @R317, @P2.11}}.

stuff, material, body, substance, brute matter; element, principle, substratum, hyle[obs3], corpus, pabulum.

parenchyma[Biol].

{{has_property}} materiality, materialness; corporeity[obs3], corporality[obs3]; substantiality, substantialness, flesh and blood, plenum; reality, physical reality.

{{has_subtype: @P2.6.2, chemical, chemical substance, substance, compound}}.

{{has_subtype: @P2.3, object, physical object, article, thing, something, item}}.

still life; stocks and stones.

{{has_property: state, @P2.2.1}}.

{{has_subtype(state): @P2.2.1, solid; fluid; plasma}}.

{{has_subtype(fluid): @P2.2.1, liquid; gas; supercritical fluid}}.

{{has_subtype(liquid): @P2.2.1, pure liquid; solution; suspension; aerosol, sol}}.

{{has_subtype}} superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star.

{{has_subtype(chemical substance): materials, R635, P2.1.3}}.

{{studied_in}} physics; science, natural philosophy, experimental science, experimental philosophy; physicism[obs3]; physical science, the hard sciences, philosophie positive[Fr]; somatology[obs3], somatics.

{{issue_in}} materialism; somatism[obs3].

{{property_of(materialism): @P2.3.2.3.2.4.31, materialist, somatist[obs3]}}.

{{job_of(physics): physicist}}.

real; physical; somatic, somatoscopic[obs3].

sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial.

objective, impersonal, nonsubjective[obs3].

neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.