Table A2. Propensity Model for Selection into Occupation and Retirement Treatment
(Retired, Low is omitted)
|
|
|
Intellectual Complexity
|
Mechanical Complexity
|
|
|
Coef.
|
Robust SE
|
Coef.
|
Robust SE
|
Retired, Medium
|
Non-Hispanic Black
|
-0.0541
|
0.2684
|
0.6044+
|
0.3236
|
Cognitive performance (time 2)
|
-0.0166
|
0.0301
|
-0.1207**
|
0.0447
|
Education (years)
|
0.2443***
|
0.0435
|
-0.3827***
|
0.0596
|
Age (time 1)
|
0.0136
|
0.0285
|
-0.0231
|
0.0386
|
Age 62 or Higher (time 2)
|
-0.0531
|
0.3122
|
0.4486
|
0.4224
|
Time Span (Months between time 1 and time 4)
|
-0.0048
|
0.0207
|
-0.0106
|
0.0262
|
Female
|
-0.6977***
|
0.1827
|
-1.0485***
|
0.2558
|
Wealth (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.0202
|
0.0308
|
-0.0683+
|
0.0410
|
Income (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.1099***
|
0.0316
|
-0.2750***
|
0.0472
|
Frailty Score (time 2)
|
0.4628
|
0.9091
|
-1.6778
|
1.1175
|
Change in Self-Rated Health (time 3 relative to time 2)
|
0.0011
|
0.1117
|
-0.1238
|
0.1408
|
Regular moderate exercise
|
-0.1496*
|
0.0744
|
0.0271
|
0.0891
|
Constant
|
-3.4824
|
2.3097
|
9.8422**
|
3.1447
|
Retired, High
|
Non-Hispanic Black
|
-0.8321+
|
0.4421
|
0.1059
|
0.3312
|
Cognitive performance (time 2)
|
0.0235
|
0.0358
|
-0.1163***
|
0.0347
|
Education (years)
|
0.2478***
|
0.0500
|
-0.5235***
|
0.0473
|
Age (time 1)
|
0.0300
|
0.0349
|
-0.0042
|
0.0335
|
Age 62 or Higher (time 2)
|
-0.1895
|
0.3718
|
-0.5445
|
0.3592
|
Time Span (Months between time 1 and time 4)
|
0.0288
|
0.0231
|
-0.0176
|
0.0231
|
Female
|
-0.4257
|
0.2244
|
-2.7988***
|
0.2499
|
Wealth (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.0863
|
0.0399
|
-0.0448
|
0.0360
|
Income (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.1620
|
0.0465
|
-0.1401***
|
0.0373
|
Frailty Score (time 2)
|
0.9360
|
1.1119
|
-0.6445
|
0.9726
|
Change in Self-Rated Health (time 3 relative to time 2)
|
-0.0868
|
0.1373
|
-0.1032
|
0.1242
|
Regular moderate exercise
|
-0.1366
|
0.0915
|
-0.0034
|
0.0854
|
Constant
|
-9.0993***
|
2.7448
|
12.1640***
|
2.6609
|
Working, Low
|
Non-Hispanic Black
|
-0.1115***
|
0.2268
|
-0.2404
|
0.2244
|
Cognitive performance (time 2)
|
0.0032
|
0.0260
|
-0.0386+
|
0.0219
|
Education (years)
|
0.0928**
|
0.0331
|
0.1727***
|
0.0360
|
Age (time 1)
|
-0.0932**
|
0.0301
|
-0.0942***
|
0.0245
|
Age 62 or Higher (time 2)
|
-0.5881*
|
0.2849
|
-0.7339**
|
0.2396
|
Time Span (Months between time 1 and time 4)
|
0.0784***
|
0.0191
|
0.0852***
|
0.0149
|
Female
|
-0.0582
|
0.1632
|
-0.1862
|
0.1440
|
Wealth (in quintiles, time 2)
|
-0.0334
|
0.0281
|
-0.0132
|
0.0236
|
Income (in quintiles, time 2)
|
-0.0206
|
0.0284
|
-0.0823***
|
0.0257
|
Frailty Score (time 2)
|
3.4858***
|
0.7976
|
2.6317***
|
0.7336
|
Change in Self-Rated Health (time 3 relative to time 2)
|
0.0302
|
0.0951
|
0.0728
|
0.0844
|
Regular moderate exercise
|
0.0521
|
0.0642
|
0.0914
|
0.0567
|
Constant
|
0.1433
|
2.1944
|
-0.5280
|
1.8248
|
Table A2. Propensity Model for Selection into Occupation and Retirement Treatment (cont.)
|
|
|
Intellectual Complexity
|
Mechanical Complexity
|
|
|
Coef.
|
Robust SE
|
Coef.
|
Robust SE
|
Working, Meidum
|
Non-Hispanic Black
|
-0.0474
|
0.2460
|
0.9130***
|
0.2457
|
Cognitive performance (time 2)
|
0.0216
|
0.0270
|
-0.0131
|
0.0272
|
Education (years)
|
0.3417***
|
0.0419
|
-0.2185***
|
0.0449
|
Age (time 1)
|
-0.0623*
|
0.0312
|
-0.0710*
|
0.0319
|
Age 62 or Higher (time 2)
|
-0.8965**
|
0.2934
|
-0.8351**
|
0.3046
|
Time Span (Months between time 1 and time 4)
|
0.0784***
|
0.0200
|
0.0630**
|
0.0201
|
Female
|
-0.9128***
|
0.1661
|
-1.1840***
|
0.1897
|
Wealth (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.0010
|
0.0286
|
-0.0284
|
0.0324
|
Income (in quintiles, time 2)
|
-0.0330
|
0.0285
|
-0.2625***
|
0.0337
|
Frailty Score (time 2)
|
4.0690***
|
0.8356
|
4.0456***
|
0.9287
|
Change in Self-Rated Health (time 3 relative to time 2)
|
0.1073
|
0.1009
|
-0.0160
|
0.1061
|
Regular moderate exercise
|
-0.0565
|
0.0699
|
0.1451*
|
0.0737
|
Constant
|
-4.7183*
|
2.3038
|
5.2816*
|
2.3747
|
Working, High
|
Non-Hispanic Black
|
-0.1397
|
0.2804
|
0.2069
|
0.3016
|
Cognitive performance( time 2)
|
0.0024
|
0.0299
|
-0.0449
|
0.0298
|
Education (years)
|
0.3889***
|
0.0422
|
-0.4795***
|
0.0481
|
Age (time 1)
|
-0.0474
|
0.0318
|
-0.0889*
|
0.0378
|
Age 62 or Higher (time 2)
|
-0.7179*
|
0.3192
|
-0.7033*
|
0.3315
|
Time Span (Months between time 1 and time 4)
|
0.0975***
|
0.0217
|
0.0508*
|
0.0213
|
Female
|
-0.7066***
|
0.1809
|
-2.9036***
|
0.2179
|
Wealth (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.1364***
|
0.0340
|
-0.0571+
|
0.0335
|
Income (in quintiles, time 2)
|
0.0176
|
0.0323
|
-0.2698***
|
0.0327
|
Frailty Score (time 2)
|
3.8207***
|
0.9297
|
2.6107**
|
1.0167
|
Change in Self-Rated Health (time 3 relative to time 2)
|
0.0917
|
0.1116
|
0.0209
|
0.1091
|
Regular moderate exercise
|
0.0027
|
0.0749
|
0.0235
|
0.0812
|
Constant
|
-9.2290***
|
2.3906
|
12.2583***
|
2.6382
|
REFERENCES
Abadie, A., & Imbens, G.W. (2012). Matching on the estimated propensity score: Harvard University & National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ahlskog, J. E., Geda, Y. E., Graff-Radford, N. R., & Petersen, R. C. (2011). Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging. Mayo Clin Proc, 86(9), 876-884. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2011.0252
Bonsang, E., Adam, S., & Perelman, S. (2012). Does retirement affect cognitive functioning? J Health Econ, 31(3), 490-501. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.03.005
Brandt, J., Spencer, M., & Folstein, M. . (1988). The telephone interview for cognitive status. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. , 1, 111-117.
Cattaneo, Matias D. 2010. “Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Multi-Valued Treatment Effects under Ignorability.” Journal of Econometrics 155: 138–45.
Celidoni, Martina, Chiara Dal Bianco, and Guglielmo Weber. 2013. Early Retirement and Cognitive Decline. A Longitudinal Analysis Using SHARE Data.
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