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Gentrification Case Attack/Turn 1NC
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- Markey- gotham gazette staff writer - Jun 22, 2009
- SMITH - Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the City University of New York . – 1996
Gentrification Case Attack/Turn 1NCUniqueness and Link- The credit Crunch has slowed the rate of gentrification, but developers are trying to take advantage of low house prices to start it up again – The plans expansion of mobile section 8 vouchers breaks down a key barrier to this gentrification, allow developers to move poor people out Eileen Markey- gotham gazette staff writer - Jun 22, 2009- Foreclosure Threat Looms over Thousands of City Apartments- Online- http://www.gothamgazette.com/print/2945 A spokesman for Urban America declined to discuss specifics of the firm's financial record. Doug Eisenberg, chief operating officer of Urban America said in a statement that his company is in no danger of defaulting. "The properties are healthy, we never take on debt beyond our means, and we are continuing to invest in these properties. Nor are we in the business of pushing out our residents. We are committed to these buildings for the long-term, as we are to long-term residents," he said. The private equity firms invested in the buildings because they thought the apartments were undervalued. In rapidly gentrifying Harlem and elsewhere, the new landlords thought they could command market rents. When his building left Mitchell Lama in 2005, Claude Johnson, a retired building maintenance man who lives at 3333 Broadway, saw rent on his one bedroom increase from $800 to $1,390. Tenants and their advocates began to talk about gentrification, about working class tenants being pushed out, about the erosion of affordable housing. Responding to cries of forced gentrification from voters in Harlem, Bushwick, Washington Heights and elsewhere, the City Council passed an anti-tenant harassment law. At the May 28 rally, State Sen. Bill Perkins of Harlem noted the irony of Schomberg Plaza being renamed The Heritage at a time when the historically African American neighborhood was becoming whiter – and wealthier. "We have seen the worst of times and we are not leaving when the good times come. These landlords are in the process of disappearing us. We will not be disappeared," he said. But now that the boom has collapsed, the problem is a few degrees more complicated. The new private equity owners couldn't actually make huge returns on the buildings, Levy argues. It might be possible to harass a few Section 8 and rent-regulated tenants into leaving and convert their apartments into high rent spaces, Levy said a few months ago. "But these new owners can't actually get rid of everyone. There are layers and layers of subsidies that keep the buildings in these programs," she said. "Thank God for that. We don't want people priced out of their homes. But it means there is no way for these buildings to perform financially."
NEIL SMITH- Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the City University of New York. – 1996- THE NEW URBAN FRONTIER Gentrification and the revanchist city- Page- 16 The nineteenth century and its associated ideology were “generated by the social conflicts that attended the ‘modernization’ of the Western nations,” according to Slotkin. They are “founded on the desire to avoid recognition of the perilous consequences of capitalist development in the New World, and they represent a displacement or deflection of social conflict into the world of myth” (Slotkin 1985:33, 47). The frontier was conveyed in the city as a safety valve for the urban class warfare brewing in such events as the 1863 New York draft riot, the 1877 railway strike, and indeed the Tompkins Square riot of 1874. “Spectacular violence” on the frontier, Slotkin concludes, had a redemptive effect on the city; it was “the alternative to some form of civil class war which, if allowed to break out within the metropolis, would bring about a secular Götterdämmerung” (Slotkin 1985:375). Projected in press accounts as extreme but comparable versions of events in the city, a magnifying mirror to the most ungodly depravity of the urban masses, reportage of the frontier posited eastern cities as a paradigm of social unity and harmony in the face of external threat. Urban social conflict was not so much denied as externalized, and whosoever disrupted this reigning urban harmony committed unnatural acts inviting comparison with the external enemy. Today the frontier ideology continues to displace social conflict into the realm of myth, and at the same time to reaffirm a set of class-specific and race-specific social norms. As one respected academic has proposed, unwittingly replicating Turner’s vision (to not a murmur of dissent), gentrifying neighborhoods should be seen as combining a “civil class” who recognize that “the neighborhood good is enhanced by submitting to social norms,” and an “uncivil class” whose behavior and attitudes reflect “no acceptance of norms beyond those imperfectly specified by civil and criminal law.” Neighborhoods might then be classified “by the extent to which civil or uncivil behavior dominates” (Clay 1979a:37–38). The frontier imagery is neither merely decorative nor innocent, therefore, but carries considerable ideological weight. Insofar as gentrification infects working-class communities, displaces poor households, and converts whole neighborhoods into bourgeois enclaves, the frontier ideology rationalizes social differentiation and exclusion as natural, inevitable. The poor and working class are all too easily defined as “uncivil,” on the wrong side of a heroic dividing line, as savages and communists. The substance and consequence of the frontier imagery is to tame the wild city, to socialize a wholly new and therefore challenging set of processes into safe ideological focus. Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 350.73 Kb. Share with your friends:
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