International labour organisation
Chapter six 8.0 Recommendations and strategies for Interventions
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- 8.2 Lobbying and advocacy
- 8.3 Develop a knowledge based on IPOs(Indiegnous peoples organisations) working on issues of CL (child labour)
- 8.4 Employ a rights-based approach
- 8.5 Unique initiatives need be supported by the ILO, Government and others agencies
- 8.6 Support destitute household to rebuild their livelihood
- Chapter seven
Chapter six8.0 Recommendations and strategies for Interventions7.1 Community Awareness and Capacity Building on Child Labour and its EffectsThis will need to be undertaken at national, community and civil society level. Awareness on child labour in general, WFCL, domestic labour, international and national laws and standards that prohibit child labour. 8.2 Lobbying and advocacy
8.3 Develop a knowledge based on IPOs(Indiegnous peoples organisations) working on issues of CL (child labour)There is no directory of IPOs and programmes specifically working on child labour among indigenous peoples and as such there is no networking, cross learning and synergy building between and among organizations. This could also develop into a serious lobby group. 8.4 Employ a rights-based approachIt is important and imperative to use a rights-based approach, based on indigenous children’s individul and collective rights, in the process of creating awareness on the right to education and other related rights for indigenous children. The advocacy campaing on human rights violations and exclusion being advanced by the IPOs organisations should include the children’s rights to good health, culture, education and development. The approach should employ a social dialogue process of engagement with ITPs communities. The community-based organisations are powerful community driven and managed organisations and it is of great importance to build their capacity so as to enable them to become effective and effecient in advancing the children’s rights. 8.5 Unique initiatives need be supported by the ILO, Government and others agenciesThe shepherds mobile education and girl child rescue centres are so far the only documented unique approach to addressing education challenges among indigenous peoples and that ensures that the children also retain their traditional lifestyles. This is happening in Samburu and Laikipia. It needs to be supported as a good practice to be replicated elsewhere. 8.6 Support destitute household to rebuild their livelihoodIt is important that poor households are supported to rebuild their livelihood in the best way as a strategy to get children out work. Unless this is done, children will continue to be engaged in child labour and they will be, mainly, from poor households. Chapter seven9.0 Main elements, strategies, objectives and activities for a project to address child labour among indigenous peoples in Kenya.9.1 Strategy for interventionsBased on the sited problems and challenges, it is important to propose long-term strategies and approaches that can ameliorate the child labour among the ITPs in Kenya. The strategies proposed will be instrumental in making the GoK achieve its own development goals as set in the National Development Plan and the Millennium Development Goals. It will be strategic to lobby the GOK, the private sector and the donor community to facilitate policy change that is favourable to ITPs. Most bureaucrats in the GOK suffer from “perception traps” about pastoralists and hunter-gatherers and their traditional livelihoods. It is also proposed that direct support be availed to ITPs through their indigenous peoples’ organisations. The community targeted and driven development efforts to combat indigenous child labour are more sustainable and are expected to generate experiences and lessons that will be used to reduce the information gaps that now exist in different communities and which the government is unable to provide and thus cannot plan adequately. If child labour interventions have to be sustainable and bear positive results then they have to be Community based and owned and they have to be flexible so as to take into account community livelihood culture and priorities. A community-based monitoring and self-evaluation system on the extent of child labour should be designed to complement on-going efforts such as work being undertaken by nascent community based organizations, for example umoja women group in Archers post , Samburu.. The system should aim at assessing the actual number of children engaged in different forms for child labour and how many are being withdrawn in a progressive manner and what strategy works best. A database to track down the best practices, lessons learned, the direct and indirect beneficiaries will be established and will be improved from time to time based on our individual community experience. Another major intervention strategy should address social protection. A stream of activities with social and rights protection measures are proposed for implementation to provide viable avenues and alternatives to children who are in risk of child labour and those withdrawn from work. These will include awareness raising about child labour and its effects on children, formal and non formal education, vocational education, economic empowerment for destitute household and support and counselling to affected children. A down stream and up stream long term advocacy and campaign strategy is proposed. The ILO PRO 169 and IPEC manual should be used to guide these processes. The use of child labour as means of socialisation and learning is still widely acceptable in all ITPs communities and only a culture sensitive strategies can work, as they tend to build dialogue and more acceptances among the same communities. A multi stakeholder and institutional involvement and approach is sustainable and viable on a long-term basis. Some of the key stakeholders that must be involved will include:
9.2 Strategies 9.2.1 Create and promote community awareness, social mobilisation and dialogue at the community level 9.2.2 Strengthen downstream and upstream lobby and advocacy targeting at GoK institutions, communities and the private sector s 9.2.3 Build and/or strengthen the knowledge base and the capacity of IPOs to enable them to implement child labour interventions 9.2.4 Build the organisational and institutional capacities of rural based, village based IPOs to enable them to lobby and advance the rights of indigenous peoples. 9.2.5 Promote culture-based enterprises particularly for widowed women as a strategy of rebuilding their livelihoods 9.2.6 Develop and promote relevant and appropriate vocational/tertiary skills to enable youth who have fallen off or out of traditional occupations to reconstruct their livelihood and support their households 9.2.7 Develop a community based monitoring and self-evaluations project. 9.3 Strategic Objectives 9.3.1 Work towards the progressive elimination of the WFCL through the establishment of a strong social foundation to address all other forms of child labour in selected ITPs districts. 9.3.2 Support and strengthen the creation of an enabling and conducive policy environment necessary to the elimination of the WFCL among the ITPs. 9.3.3 Promote interventions that aim at reducing the risks and incidence of WFCL among the highly vulnerable groups among the ITPs at the district levels. 9.3.4 Strengthen the technical and managerial capacities of IPOs, ITPs and local organisations/communities that are addressing CL among the ITPs. 9.3.5 Promote economic empowerment for ITPs with special attention to most vulnerable groups such as widowed women, single mothers, people living with HIV/AIDS. 9.3.6 Promote media action and coverage to create more public awareness and understanding on ITPs child labour 9.3.7 Promote community mobilisation and awareness raising at the community level. 9.3.8 Support direct activities that directly benefit the community in terms of withdrawing children from CL.
9.4.1 Organise and facilitate consultations and planning meetings with key stakeholders at the national, district and community levels. The rights-based approach should be used. 9.4.2 Develop a National Advocacy and Lobbying Action Plan incorporating national and district organisations. 9.4.3 Support community-based organisations to undertake action research that can help in generating data that can help in filing capacity gaps. 9.4.4 Create awareness on the ILO standards and national legislation on child labour. 9.4.5 Organise and facilitate lobby and advocacy seminars, meetings and workshops aimed at creating awareness and building capacity in relations to child labour. 9.4.6 Support community-driven economic enterprises that addresses and promotes poverty alleviations among ITPs based on vulnerability assessment. 9.4.7 Promote activities that prevent and/or withdraw ITPs children from child labour through educational alternatives. 9.4.8 Identify and support ITPs children in vocational trainings and skills development 9.4.9 Capacity building at the district levels. 9.4.10 Formulate a community- based monitoring and evaluation, incorporating knowledge sharing and dissemination strategies. 9.4.11 Support innovative and creative interventions that use non-formal approach to education for ITPs children such as mobile schools that use bilingual learning approaches. 9.5 Expected Results 9.5.1 Concerted district based efforts to address WFCL among the ITPs 9.5.2 Improved knowledge base, awareness and technical capacity of IPOs and communities that is necessary for the design, intervention and monitoring of child labour. 9.5.3 Key stakeholders identified are organised in the process of addressing CL. 9.5.4 Improved awareness, application and use of the ILO international standards on CL and ITPs at the Governmental, private and community levels 9.5.5 Formulation and adoption of national policies that are sensitive to ITPs traditional livelihoods. 9.5.6 Inputs provided for direct support to needy households 9.5.7 Readily available up to date data and information on ITPs children engaged in CL and the number withdrawn. 9.5.8 Reduced vulnerability of ITPs household as a consequence of drought, conflicts and other social shocks. 9.5.9 National and district advocacy plans against ITPs CL adopted and mainstreamed in the IPOs, government plans and actions. 9.5.10 Increased media coverage on ITPs child labour issues and concerns.
It is important to look into some of the characteristics and challenges facing these communities in order to be able to understand their plight and why is necessary and important to target as specific target group.
They are identified and associated with conflicts – in circumstances- related to declining natural resource base Reference Books Anti-Slavery International (November 2005), Child Domestic Workers: A hand book of good practice in programme intervention. ILO, 2004, helping hands or shackled lives? Understanding child domestic labour and responses to it. ILO PRO/IPEC, 2006(work in progress), Indigenous peoples and Child Labour: Toward a rights based approach. Ministry of Labour and Human resources (2004): National action Plan on the Elimination of child Labour. ILO PRO 169/IPEC, 2007, Handbook for Combating Child Labour among Indigenus and Tribal Peoples Society for Internatioanl Development, 2004: Pulling Apart- Facts abd Figures of Inequality in Kenya. _______________________et al, 2006: Report on the National Conference on Equity and Growth – Towards a Policy Agenda for Kenya.
GOKMinitry of Finance and National Planning; District Development Plans(2002-2008) for : Laikipia, Marsabit, Isiolo, Tana River, Kajiado, Narok Ministry of Finance and National Planning, Kenya National Bureau of statistics 2005/06: Basic Report on Well- Being in Kenya. Organisational Reports DeM several reports – Monthly and bi-monthly as presented to WI DeM (2004), Dr Munei et al, (unpublished) Baseline survey on the status of Child Labour among the Kajiado pastoralists DeM (Undated), Proposed Curriculum for Indigenous pastoralists DeM (2006), Combating Child labour through education: A documentation of Best Practices. 1 UN- Permanent Forum for Indigenous Issues, Second Session, New York, May 2003; High –Level Panel and Dialogue on Indigenous Children and Youth, submission by ILO. 2 The Kenyan coast is a tourist attraction and young Morans (warriors) from Samburu have been flocking into Mombasa and Malindi to work as “beach boys” hoping that one day they will be able to raise money that will enable them to rebuild their livelihood and identities back home through purchase of cows. 3 The term indigenous peoples are used interchangeably with pastoralist and hunter-gatherers. In Kenya and in Africa as whole, it is mostly these communities (not all) or people of their descent who have come forward to identify themselves as indigenous peoples. Self –identification is defined by the ILO Convention 169 as an important criterion in its statement of coverage. 4 Ministry of Labour and Human resource Development, National Draft Plan of Action for Time Bound Programme on The Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour In Kenya, august 2004. 5 Pastoralists and Hunter Gatherers Communities in Kenya as in other African countries have come forward to demand their recognition as indigenous communities based on their continued marginalization, social and policy discrimination, expropriation of and displacement from their ancestral lands, strong cultural and spiritual attachment to their lands. 6 Project Document: Supporting the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Kenya, ILO- IPEC/ Government of the United States of America, September 2004. 7 Different editions of the Daily Nation and the Standard Newspapers, March – august, 2006 8 Republic Of Kenya: National Development Plan, 2002-08 9 Handbook in Combating Child Labour among Indigenosu and Tribal Peoples, PRO 169 & IPEC, 2006. 10 ILO/IPEC- International programme on the Elimination of Child Labour- Time Bound Programme – addressing Worst Forms Child Labour. Samburu is the only pastoralists district out of fifteen identified in Kenya. 11 Projections from National Housing and Population census, 1999 12 UNDP, world development Indicators database, April 2004 13 SID, Pulling Apart, Facts and Figures on inequality in Kenya, 2004 14 GOK, Welfare Monitoring Report (2001), Central Bureau of Statistics. 15 UNAIDS, Children on the Brinks, 2003 16 UNDP, World Development Indicators Database, April 2004. 17 ILO: A future without child Labour. Global report under the follow-up to the ILO declaration on fundamental principles at work, 2002 18 UNICEF; Beyond child Labour : Affirming rights., New York, 2001 19 some of these documents reviewed include;
20 Anti Slavery International: Child Domestic Workers, a Handbook on good practice in program interventions, 2005. 21 Republic of Kenya: National Development Plan, 2002- 2008: Effective Management for the Sustainable econmic growth and poverty Reduction. 22 SIDA studies, (UD) NO 3: Discussing Women’s Empowerment- Theory and practice 23 Republic of Kenya: Ministry of Finance and Planning, Marsabit District Development plan(2002-2008) 24 Office of the President, Arid Land Resources Management programme National Drought Situation, 2005(Draft) 25 African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights: Report of the African Commission’s Working Group of Experts on Indigenous populations/communities, 2005 Directory: res res -> General text for tender (recommendations) for Pilkington Profilit™ Contents Page res -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose res -> Make Me a Superhero – Resilient People Sir Chris Hoy born 23 March 1976 res -> Occupational health and safety res -> Practice learning res -> Principal’s Report 2013-2014 res -> Charter School Enrollment Data Annual Report res -> The Rise of Video Games Section “Word” Matt Spencer Download 304.23 Kb. Share with your friends:
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