Int’l cps- brag lab- wave 1 Theory
Download 1.09 Mb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- Offshore Wind
- The EU is massively increasing offshore wind investment – becoming a leader in the industry
Ocean ObservationEU has the tech and infrastructure available to monitor environmental problems with the oceansEMSA 14, European Maritime Safety Agency, nearest date given is 2014, the EMSA is the developer of satellites used by the European Union for the purpose of environmental observation, “Earth Observation Services,” http://emsa.europa.eu/operations/cleanseanet.html, NN CleanSeaNet is a European satellite-based oil spill and vessel detection service. It offers assistance to participating States for the following activities: identifying and tracing oil pollution on the sea surface monitoring accidental pollution during emergencies contributing to the identification of polluters What it does The CleanSeaNet service is based on radar satellite images, covering all European sea areas, which are analysed in order to detect possible oil spills on the sea surface. When a possible oil spill is detected in national waters, an alert message is delivered to the relevant country. Analysed images are available to national contact points within 30 minutes of the satellite passing overhead. Approximately 2,000 images are ordered and analysed per year. The service, which is integrated into national and regional pollution response chains, aims to strengthen operational responses to accidental and deliberate discharges from ships, and assist participating States to locate and identify polluters in areas under their jurisdiction. Vessel detection is also available through the CleanSeaNet service. When a vessel is detected on in a satellite image, the identity of the vessel can often be determined through correlating the satellite data with vessel traffic reports (SafeSeaNet). This increases the likelihood that a State will be able to determine which vessel is polluting and take action (e.g. verifying the spill, inspecting the vessel on entry into port). Each coastal State has access to the CleanSeaNet service through a dedicated user interface, which enables them to view ordered images. Users can also access a wide range of supplementary information through the interface, such as oil drift modelling (forecasting and backtracking), optical images, and oceanographic and meteorological information. Offshore WindThe EU solves best for offshore wind – best experts and existing support systemsEUR-Lex 14, European Union Law, August 2014, EUR-Lex is an official database used by the European Union to post official laws and other important documents, “COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Blue Energy Action needed to deliver on the potential of ocean energy in European seas and oceans by 2020 and beyond,” http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1396419828231&uri=CELEX:52014DC0008, NN An Ocean Energy Forum will be set up, bringing together stakeholders in a series of workshops in order to develop a shared understanding of the problems at hand and to collectively devise workable solutions. It will be instrumental in building capacity and critical mass as well as fostering cooperation through the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders. The forum will also explore the synergies with other marine industries, particularly offshore wind, in matters relating to supply chains, grid connection, operations and maintenance, logistics and spatial planning. Representatives from relevant industries could be invited to participate as appropriate depending on the issues discussed. The Commission will play a facilitating and coordinating role in the forum. The forum will be organised into three workstreams: a) Technology and Resource Workstream The commercialisation of the ocean energy sector will require additional technological advancement as well as further improvements in grid connections and other offshore supply chain infrastructure. Improving the affordability, reliability, survivability, operability and stability of ocean energy devices[18] is essential. There is already some consensus on the priority areas of technology research including, for example, the need for better mooring systems or new materials. Possibilities for collaborative working could also be identified in order to use resources more efficiently and to facilitate technological convergence. A clear timeframe, including key technological milestones will be set out. This workstream will include a detailed assessment of ocean energy resources and offshore infrastructures such as ports and vessels, as improvements in these areas would help to optimise the management of ocean energy devices and thus trigger corresponding cost reductions. This workstream would also seek to trigger further improvements in the integration of offshore renewables into the energy system. The industry would have the opportunity to voice its needs on issues such as the research and development needs related to grid technology, energy output forecasting and storage technologies could also be explored. The outcomes will then be transmitted to relevant actors such as regulatory authorities, transmission system operators and relevant fora such the North Seas Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative. b) Administrative Issues and Finance Workstream Long lead times caused by lengthy permitting and licensing procedures and difficulty of access to finance have been identified as pressing challenges. The aim of this workstream will be to examine the administrative procedures relevant to ocean energy installations in Member States and the effects that ocean energy installations may have on shipping. These administrative and safety issues need to be reviewed collaboratively between Member State authorities and industry in this workshop, in order to lead to a common understanding of the challenges faced on all sides, and how to tackle them. The information gathered in the discussions will be used to compile a catalogue of best practice, complemented with case studies. The issues relating to finance will also be examined. Given the novelty and the complexity of the technologies, investors may be unaware of the opportunities that this industry offers. This workstream should involve national authorities, development banks, private financiers and project developers to discuss how best to trigger the necessary investment. The suitability of different risk-sharing mechanisms such as soft-loans, co-investment and public guarantees will also be assessed. The funding opportunities available within EU research and innovation programmes such as Horizon 2020, the NER300 programme and the European Investment Bank's renewable energy funding programme will be specifically highlighted. c) Environment Workstream Environmental Impact Assessments are key to ensure the sustainable development of this emerging industry. Collecting baseline environmental data, however, places a major burden on individual project developers relative to the size of single projects. This workstream will encourage collaborative working on the monitoring of the environmental impacts of existing and planned installations and on innovative ways of mitigating the impact of ocean energy on the marine environment. The data on environmental impacts and monitoring need to be fed into national authorities as a matter of routine, under the Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directives purposes. A comprehensive framework of EU legislation covering nature conservation, environmental impact assessment and renewable energy already exists, complemented by the Commission's proposal for a Directive on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). However, this workstream should assess the need for sector-specific implementation guidelines, similar to those already developed for wind energy, to complement the Habitats and Birds Directives, Article 13 of the Renewable Energy Directive and a possible future Directive on MSP. ii. Ocean Energy Strategic Roadmap Based on the outcomes of the Ocean Energy Forum, a Strategic Roadmap will be developed setting out clear targets for the industrial development of the sector as well as a timeframe for their achievement. In setting technology priorities, it will take into account the key principles and developments announced by the Communication on Energy Technologies and Innovation[19] and will provide input and become part of the "Integrated Roadmap".[20] This roadmap will be elaborated jointly by industry, Member States, interested regional authorities, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders through a structured and participative process, as outlined above. The roadmap will bring together findings from all areas relevant to the development of the industry and provide an agreed blueprint for action in order to help the ocean energy sector move towards industrialisation. The EU is massively increasing offshore wind investment – becoming a leader in the industryEWEA 13, European Wind Energy Association, nearest date given is 2013, EWEA is a European company that studies the effects of different forms of energy, “Offshore wind,” http://www.ewea.org/policy-issues/offshore/, NN Europe's offshore wind potential is enormous and able to meet Europe's demand seven times over, as estimated by the European Environment Agency's (EEA). The European Commission anticipated, in its 2008 Communication on offshore wind energy (EC, 2008) that "offshore wind can and must make a substantial contribution to meeting the EU's energy policy objectives through a very significant increase - in the order of 30-40 times by 2020 and 100 times by 2030 - in installed capacity compared to today." Key numbers: 5 GW installed end 2012 10% of Europe's annual wind energy installations 40 GW installed capacity by 2020, equivalent to 4% of EU electricity demand or 148 TWh production 150 GW by 2030, meeting 14% of EU electricity demand or 562 TWh. The offshore wind sector brings considerable economic opportunities. The offshore industry contributes to Europe's competitiveness and leadership in wind energy, provides employment in the EU, reduces Europe's import dependence and reinforces its security of supply. Key numbers: Around €3.4bn to €4.6bn annual investment (2012) 58,000 FTE (2012) 191,000 FTE in 2020 and 318,000 FTE in 2030 (60% of wind employment) Key texts: EC Communication (2012): Blue Growth - opportunities for marine and maritime sustainable EWEA (2012) The European offshore wind industry - key trends and statistics 2012 EWEA (2011) The European offshore wind industry - key trends and statistics 2011 EWEA (2011) Wind in our Sails - The coming of Europe's offshore wind energy industry 2011 EWEA (2011) European Offshore Wind Energy Map 2011 EWEA (2011) Pure Power EEA (2009) Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential EWEA (2009) Oceans of opportunity EC Communication (2008) Offshore Wind Energy: Action needed to deliver on the Energy Policy Objectives for 2020 and beyond The offshore grid Europe's offshore grid should be built to integrate the expected 40GW of offshore wind power by 2020 and 150 GW by 2030. EWEA's proposed offshore grid builds on the 11 offshore grids currently operating and 21 offshore grids currently being considered by the grid operators in the Baltic and North Seas to give Europe a truly pan-European electricity super highway. A European transnational offshore grid will: Provide grid access to offshore wind farms Smooth the variability of their output on the markets Contribute to the development of a single European electricity market Ensure Europe's energy security Key texts: European Commission (2011) - Guideline for trans-European energy infrastructure - Proposals for a regulation IEE Project (2011) OffshoreGrid: Offshore Electricity Infrastructure in Europe The North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative - Memorandum of Understanding - (2010) EWEA (2009) - 20 Year Offshore Network Development Master Plan Stockholm Declaration (2009) Maritime spatial planning Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) is key to enhancing offshore wind development. It provides stability and clarity for the investors and can bring down the costs of wind energy through an optimum integration of the wind farms into the marine environment. EWEA strongly supports the development of an integrated and coordinated Maritime Spatial Planning policy across Europe. Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2014 2014 -> For want of a nail 2014 -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 2014 -> Ihbb asian Championships 2014 middle school bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> Ihbb european Championships 2014 Bowl Round 4 First Quarter 2014 -> International History Bee and Bowl 2013-14 Asian Division Question Set Bowl Round Six 2014 -> United states patent and trademark office 2014 -> Coffs harbour eisteddfod vocal syllabus 2014 -> Listen News Programs Schedule pledge now 2014 -> Slow club announce third album complete surrender Download 1.09 Mb. Share with your friends:
|