INTRODUCTION 5
A). REMEDIES FOR BREACH 5
1). INTERESTS PROTECTED 5
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FROM CASES: 6
Bollenback v. Continental Casualty Co. 6
Anglia TV v. Reid 6
Pitcher v. Shoebottom 7
Hawkins v. McGee 7
2). PROBLEMS IN MEASURING DAMAGES 8
Carson v. Willitts 8
Groves v. Wunder 8
Thompson v. Robertson, 1955 8
Charter v. Sullivan, 1957 9
3.) REMOTENESS 9
Hadley v. Baxendale 9
Victoria Laundry v. Newman Industries 10
The Heron II (Koufous v. Czarnikov) 10
Cornwall Gravel v. Purolator 10
Monroe Equipment & Canadian Forest Products 11
Scryup v. Economy Trailer 11
OR 11
AND 12
4). INTANGIBLE INJURIES (non-economic loss) 12
Addis v. Gramophone Co. Ltd. [1909] 12
Jarvis v. Swan Tours - loss of enjoyment 13
Newell v. Canadian Pacific Air 13
Vorvis v. Insurance Corp. of B.C.-non-enjoyment losses 14
Wallace v. United Grain Growers 15
Ridiero v. ICBC 15
5). MITIGATION OF LOSS 16
General rules of mitigation: 16
Payzu v. Saunders 16
Roth & co. v. Taysen Towsend 17
White and Carter Council v. McGregor 17
Asamera Oil v. Sea Oil 18
6). SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE 19
GENERAL PRINCIPLES: 19
Falke v. Gray 20
Sky Petroleum v. VIP Petroleum 20
Warner Bros. v. Nelson 20
Page One Records v. Britton 21
7). TIME IN MEASURING DAMAGES 21
Wroth v. Tyler 21
Semelhago v. Paramadevan 22
8). RESTITUTION 22
Deglman v. Guaranty Trust 24
McCamus Article: 25
B). THE KINDS OF PROMISES LEGALLY ENFORCED 25
A). BARGAINS 25
1). PRELIMINARY NEGOTIATIONS 26
Denton v. Great Northern Railway 26
Lefkowitz v. Great Minneapolis 26
Pharmaceutical Society v. Boots 27
General Principles: 27
W.H. Hillas and Co., Ltd. v. Arcos ltd. 27
May & Butcher v. King 28
Foley v. Classique Coaches ltd. 28
Brown v. Gould 28
Empress Towers v. Bank of Nova Scotia 28
2). ACCEPTANCE 29
General Principles: 29
Larkin v. Gardiner 29
Felthouse v. Bindley 29
Wheeler v. Klaholt 30
Eliason v. Henshaw 30
3). CONTRACTS BY CORRESPONDENCE 30
Household Insurance v. Grant 30
4). CONSIDERATION 33
White v. Bluett 34
Hamer v. Sidway 35
Thomas v. Thomas 35
5). MUTUAL PROMISES 35
Great Northern Railway Co. v. Witham 36
Tobias v. Dick and T. Eaton 36
Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff Gordon 36
6). PRE-EXISTING DUTY/ MODIFICATION CASES 36
GENERAL PRINCIPLES: 36
Harris v. Watson 37
Stilk v. Myrick 37
Smith v. Dawson 37
Raggow v. Scougall and Co. 38
Gilbert Steel Ltd. v. University Construction 38
Williams v. Roffey 39
Foakes v. Beer 39
7). COMPROMISES 40
Cook v. Wright 40
B). INTENTION 41
Balfour v. Balfour 41
3). NON-BARGAIN PROMISES 44
1). PAST CONSIDERATION 44
Lampleigh v. Brathwait 44
Roscorla v. Thomas 45
Pao On v. Lau Yiu Long 45
2). SUBSEQUENT RELIANCE 46
Summary of Principles: Estoppel and Reliance 46
Dalhousie College v. Boutilier Estate 47
Hedley Byrne v. Heller 47
Hughes v. Metropolitan Railway 47
Central London Property Trust v. High Trees 48
Combe v. Combe 48
D & C Builders v. Rees 49
John Burrows v. Subsurface Surveys 49
Tudale Mining Explorations v. TECK 49
Baxter v. Jones 50
D). UNILATERAL CONTRACTS 51
Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball 51
Errington v. Errington 51
Dawson v. Helicopter Exploration 52
CONTRACTS AND THIRD PARTIES 57
1.Third Party Beneficiaries 57
Beswick v. Beswick [Agency] 57
New Zealand Shipping v. Satterthwaite [Agent] 58
London Drugs v. Kuehne & Nagle [Principle Exception to Privity Rule] 58
Frasier River v. Can-Dive 59
2.Mistake of Identity 59
Lewis v. Averay [Fraud = Voidable] 59
3.Documents Mistakenly Signed (Non Est Factum) 59
Marvco Colour Research v. Harris et al. 60
WRITTEN DOCUMENTS 61
1.Unsigned Documents 61
Parker v. South Eastern Railway: 61
McCutcheon v. MacBrayne 61
Thornton v. Shoe Lane Parking 62
2.Signed Documents: 62
Tilden Rent-a-Car v. Clendenning 62
3.Parol Evidence Rule: 62
Federal Commerce v. Tradex [Standard Form K] 63
Prenn v. Simmonds 63
Hawrish v. Bank of Montreal 64
Tilden Rent-a-Car v. Clendenning [Reasonable Notice] 64
Gallen v. Allstate Grain 65
4.Rectification 66
USA v. Motor Trucks 66
PROTECTION OF WEAKER PARTIES 67
1.Minors 67
2.Forfeitures and Penalty Clauses 67
Shatilla v. Feinstein 68
H.F. Clarke Ltd. v. Thermidaire Corp. Ltd. 68
Stockloser v. Johnson [Forfeiture] 68
3.Clauses Excluding/Limiting Liability 69
Karsalis v. Wallis (1956;Eng.CA) [FB] 69
Suisse Atlantique v. N.V. Rotterdamsche (1967;HL) [Eliminates FB] 69
Photo Production v. Securior (1980;HL) 70
Beaufort Realties v. Chomedey Aluminum (1980 few months after Photo; SCC) 70
Securicor (1982;HL) 70
George Mitchell v. Finney Lock Seeds (1983;HL) [Reasonableness] 70
Hunter Engineering v. Syncrude (1989;SCC) 71
4.Unconscionability 71
Lloyds Bank v. Bundy [Bargaining Power] 72
National Westminster v. Morgan [Undue Influence] 73
Macaulay v. Schroeder Music [Restraint of Trade] 74
Unconscionable Transactions Relief Act 74
PUBLIC POLICY 75
Christie v. York (Supp) 75
Ian Ayres: “Fair Driving: Gender and Race Discrimination in Retail Car Negotiations” 75
Farrar v. McPhee (Supp) 75
Jones v. Daly 76
Chrispen v. Topham 76
Quantum meruit: 2 ways to recover 76
Baby M 76
1.Illegality 77
Holman v. Johnson (1775) 77
Archbolds Ltd. v. Spanglett Ltd. (1961) [Performance] 77
Kiriri Cotton v. Dewani [Restitution] 79
PERFORMANCE AND BREACH 80
Cehave N.V. v. Bremer [Intermediate Stip] 81
Hongkong Shipping 81
Panoutsos v. Raymond Hadley Corp. [Waiver] 81
Turney v. Zhilka (1959) [Condition Precedent - Waiver] 82
Barnett v. Harrison 82
Sumpter v. Hedges 82
MISTAKE 84
1.Misrepresentation 84
Heilbut, Symons & Co. v. Buckleton [1913; H.L.] [Collateral K] 85
Bentley Productions v. Smith Motors 85
Esso Petroleum v. Mardon (1976) [Negligent Misrep] 86
Sealand of the Pacific v. McHaffie 86
Murray v. Sperry Rand 87
2.Mistake as to Terms 87
Hobbs v. Esquimalt Railway 87
Raffles v. Wichelhaus 88
Henkel v. Pape [3rd party mistake] 88
Smith v. Hughes 88
3.Mistake in Assumptions 89
Bell v. Lever Bros. 90
Solle v. Butcher [Equity] 90
Maggee v. Pennine Insurance (CA) 90
R. v. Ron Engineering 91
M.J.B. Enterprises v. Defence Construction 91
FRUSTRATION 93
Paradine v. Jane [Rule of Absolute Promises] 93
Taylor v. Caldwell [Relaxes the Rule of Absolute Promises] 93
Krell v. Henry 94
Aluminum Co. of America v. Essex Group 94
Fibrosa v. Fairburn Lawson 95