Khalid Sekkat (2) Aristomene Varoudakis


Part B. An Indicator of Market Openness in Telecommunications: Country Groups



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Part B. An Indicator of Market Openness in Telecommunications: Country Groups
In each group, countries are listed by decreasing order of openness; MENA countries highlighted.

Reference period: 1998-99.




  1. Restricted market access; (openness indicator = 1)

Albania, Angola, Armenia, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Haiti, Kenya, Kuwait, Malawi, Rwanda, Tunisia, Yemen, Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cyprus, Gabon, Gambia, Iran, Libya, Myanmar, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Togo





  1. Limited degree of market openness; (openness indicator = 2)

Burundi, Georgia, Viet Nam, Bangladesh, Romania, Uruguay, Bahrain, Barbados, Costa Rica, Croatia, Egypt, Guatemala, Jordan, Latvia, Lebanon Malta, Mongolia, , Mozambique, Namibia, Paraguay, Tajikistan, Russian Federation, Belarus, Jamaica, Azerbaijan, Slovenia, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Cuba, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Lesotho, Maldives, Moldova, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Tonga (Kingdom of), Turkey, Zimbabwe, Brunei





  1. Moderate market openness; (openness indicator = 3)

Argentina, Bolivia, Cote d'Ivoire, Greece, Honduras, Morocco , Portugal, Botswana, Ecuador, Guinea, Indonesia, New Zealand, Panama, Poland, Spain, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Hungary, Ireland, Kyrgyz Republic, Nigeria, Slovak Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Singapore, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Israel, Trinidad and Tobago, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Iceland, Korea, Rep., Mauritius, Thailand, China, Democratic Republic of Congo, Estonia





  1. Full market openness; (openness indicator = 4)

Belgium, Colombia, France, Mexico, Canada, Sri Lanka, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA, India, Brazil, South Africa, Chile, Japan, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Tanzania, Yugoslavia, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Venezuela


Part C. MENA Country Ratings: Components of the Telecommunications Market Openness Indicator
Reference period: 1998




Market structure

Regulator










Fixed network




Mobile network













Total rating




Local

Domestic long distance

Inter

natio


nal

Leased lines

Analog

Digital

Separate

Interconnection

FDI fixed

FDI mobile




Algeria

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Bahrain

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

5

Egypt

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

0

0

1

5

Iran

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Israel

1

1

2

2

3

3

0

0

1

1

6.5

Jordan

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

5

Kuwait

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

3

Lebanon

1

1

1

2

2

2

0

0

1

1

5.25

Libya

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Morocco

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

6

Oman

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Qatar

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

S. Arabia

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Syria

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Tunisia

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

3

Yemen

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

3



Reference period: 2001




Market structure

Regulator










Fixed network




Mobile network













Total rating




Local

Domestic long distance

International

Leased lines

Analog

Digital

Separate

Interconnection

FDI fixed

FDI mobile




Algeria

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

0

1

6

Bahrain

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

0

1

1

6

Egypt

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

0

0

1

5.25

Iran

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Israel

1

1

2

2

3

3

0

0

1

1

6.5

Jordan

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

0

1

1

6.25

Kuwait

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

3

Lebanon

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

0

1

1

4.25

Libya

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Morocco

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

7.25

Oman

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Qatar

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

S. Arabia

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Syria

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

2

Tunisia

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

4

Yemen

1

1

1

1

2

2

0

0

0

1

4



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