ronte is one of the three Bronte sisters, all famous novelists and poets of their period. The sisters published under male names, Charlotte’s being Currer Bell. She is most famous for her novel ‘Jane Eyre’. After the deaths of her sisters, Charlotte was persuaded to reveal her identity and became friends with other authors of the time. She was married for only a year before her death in 1855.
Jane Eyre (1847)- Jane has been shown Mr. Rochester’s wife in the attic
‘Well, Jane! Not a word of reproach? Nothing bitter - nothing poignant? Nothing to cut a feeling or sting a passion? You sit quietly where I have placed you, and regard me with a weary, a passive look.
‘Jane, I never meant to wound you thus. If the man who had but one little ewe lamb that was dear to him as a daughter, that ate of his bread and drank of his cup, and lay in his bosom, had by some mistake slaughtered it at the shambles, he would not have rued his bloody blunder as much as I now rue mine. Will you ever forgive me?’
Reader, I forgave him at that moment and on the spot. There was such deep remorse in his eye, such true pity in his tone, such manly energy in his manner; and besides, there was such unchanged love in his whole look and mien - I forgave him all: yet not in words, not outwardly; only at my heart’s core.
‘You know I’m a scoundrel, Jane?’ ere long he inquired wistfully - wondering, I suppose, at my continued silence and tameness, the result rather of weakness than of will.
‘Yes, sir.’
1837 – Queen Victoria crowned Queen of England. She becomes the longest reigning monarch in British history, dying in 1901 after 63 years on the throne.
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Realism – 1830-1900
Emily Bronte (1818-1848)
E
mily Bronte, another of the famous Bronte sisters, was a poet and author, publishing under the name of Ellis Bell due to the social prejudices against female authors at the time. Emily is most famous for her only novel ‘Wuthering Heights’. Emily died at the age of 30 after contracting tuberculosis.
Wuthering Heights (1847) - Catherine speaks of her love for Linton and Heathcliff
I cannot express it; but surely you and everybody have a notion that there is or should be an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation, if I were entirely contained here? My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff's miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being. So don‘t talk of our separation again; it is impracticable;
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Realism – 1830-1900
Naturalism – 1865-1900
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)
Tennyson was Poet Laureate for much of Queen Victoria’s reign, from 1850-1892. Behind Shakespeare, he is the second most quoted writer in the English language. Much of his verse is based on mythological themes and unlike most of his contemporaries he wrote in blank verse, rare for the time. His most famous works include, ‘In Memoriam’, ‘Idylls of the King’ and ‘Ulysses’.
Break, Break, Break (written 1835, published 1842)
Break, break, break,
On thy cold gray stones, O Sea!
And I would that my tongue could utter
The thoughts that arise in me.
O, well for the fisherman's boy,
That he shouts with his sister at play!
O, well for the sailor lad,
That he sings in his boat on the bay!
And the stately ships go on
To their haven under the hill;
But O for the touch of a vanished hand,
And the sound of a voice that is still!
Break, break, break,
At the foot of thy crags, O Sea!
But the tender grace of a day that is dead
Will never come back to me.
Crimea War – 1853-1856 – the war fought between Great Britain and Turkey against Russia. Florence Nightingale found her fame through nursing during this war.
Key events include The Charge of the Light Brigade in 1854
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Realism – 1830-1900
Naturalism – 1865-1900
Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861)
B
arrett Browning was one of the most prominent poets of the Victorian era, her work being popular in both the England and the United States. She was married to Robert Browning and the two lived in Italy after their marriage for much of the remainder of their lives. Barrett Browning is best known for ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese’ and ‘Aurora Leigh’. Much of her work is centred on the theme of love.
Sonnets from the Portuguese (43) (written 1845)
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of every day's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love with a passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Realism – 1830-1900
Naturalism – 1865-1900
Robert Browning (1812-1889)
R
obert Browning was one of the foremost Victorian English poets and playwrights. Browning was married to Elizabeth Barrett Browning and together they lived in Italy for much of their marriage. Browning’s work is characterised by his use of dramatic verse, especially the dramatic monologue. He is perhaps best known for his short poems, such as the one featured below, ‘Meeting At Night’.
Meeting At Night (published 1845)
The grey sea and the long black land;
And the yellow half-moon large and low;
And the startled little waves that leap
In fiery ringlets from their sleep,
As I gain the cove with pushing prow,
And quench its speed i' the slushy sand.
Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;
Three fields to cross till a farm appears;
A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch
And blue spurt of a lighted match,
And a voice less loud, thro' its joys and fears,
Than the two hearts beating each to each!
1851 – The year of the Great Exhibition in organised by Prince Albert, gathering together thousands of great scientists, inventors and artists from around the world.
1887 – Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Realism – 1830-1900
Naturalism – 1865-1900
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