Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
H
ardy was a novelist and poet of the naturalist movement, although influences of the Romantic and enlightenment periods can be found in his work, for example his interest in the supernatural. Hardy regarded himself as a poet but is perhaps better known for his novels which were written mainly for financial gain. Hardy was first published until he was in his 50’s. Many of his novels feature tragic characters who struggle against society and their own desires.
Neutral Tones (published 1898)
We stood by a pond that winter day,
And the sun was white, as though chidden of God,
And a few leaves lay on the starving sod,
--They had fallen from an ash, and were gray.
Your eyes on me were as eyes that rove
Over tedious riddles solved years ago;
And some words played between us to and fro--
On which lost the more by our love.
The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing
Alive enough to have strength to die;
And a grin of bitterness swept thereby
Like an ominous bird a-wing....
Since then, keen lessons that love deceives,
And wrings with wrong, have shaped to me
Your face, and the God-curst sun, and a tree,
And a pond edged with grayish leaves.
1897 – Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee
1899-1902 – The Boer War – the war between British forces and the descendents of Dutch Settlers in what later became known as South Africa
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Aestheticism – 1835-1910
Modernism – 1890’s – 1940’s
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
W
ilde was an Irish playwright, poet and author. He became known as one of the most successful of Victorian London and was somewhat of a celebrity in his day. He is known for his scathing wit, something apparent in much of his work. He led a controversial life, imprisoned for homosexuality for two years, on his release he left Britain for France and never returned. He is buried in Paris.
The Importance of Being Earnest (1895)
G
Aestheticism is the belief in ‘art for art’s sake’. People like Wilde did not believe that art had to have a higher moral or political value.
WENDOLEN
I adore you. But you haven't proposed to me yet. Nothing has been said at all about marriage. The subject has not even been touched on.
JACK
Well . . . may I propose to you now?
GWENDOLEN
I think it would be an admirable opportunity. And to spare you any possible disappointment, Mr. Worthing, I think it only fair to tell you quite frankly before-hand that I am fully determined to accept you.
JACK
Gwendolen!
GWENDOLEN
Yes, Mr. Worthing, what have you got to say to me?
JACK
You know what I have got to say to you.
GWENDOLEN
Yes, but you don't say it.
JACK
Gwendolen, will you marry me? [Goes on his knees.]
GWENDOLEN
Of course I will, darling. How long you have been about it! I am afraid you have had very little experience in how to propose.
JACK
My own one, I have never loved any one in the world but you.
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Modernism – 1890’s – 1940’s
D.H Lawrence (1855-1930)
L
awrence was an author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. Lawrence was often the victim of censorship and official prosecution when it came to his work. He is perhaps most famous for Lady Chatterley’s Lover which was banned when first published. Lawrence’s work often explores the effects of modernity on society confronting issues relating to emotional health and human sexuality.
Piano (1918)
Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me;
Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see
A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings
And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she sings.
In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song
Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong
To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside
And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide.
So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour
With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour
Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast
Down in the flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for the past
1914-1918 – World War One
1916 – Battle of the Somme
1916 – Easter Rising in Dublin
Victorian Period – 1830-1901
Modernism – 1890’s – 1940’s
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