Map-21 is a highway bill, not a transportation bill, it cuts support for public transit in favor of highway expansion
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- Job creation is key to economic recovery
- Recovery must start with jobs
Impact – EconomyJobs are key to economic recoveryKadlec 9 (Dan, writer for Time Magazine, “Economic Indicators – how to know when the economy is turning up” http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,1876737,00.html The employment scene is a disaster. We've shed 3.6 million jobs since the recession began Private sector average weekly hours worked stuck at a record low 33.3 hours in January, and because companies typically cut hours before cutting heads the slide means more layoffs are coming. Look for this number to stabilize over a period of two or three months and then begin to inch upward for an early indicator that the economy is recovering- We won't hit a normal reading of around 35 hours for a long time. But the key is to just Change the direction. You can find private sector average weekly hours worked on the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site. A recovery in employment is crucial. So here's a second job-related indicator that economists are Hatching monthly temporary employment. "Companies can always ask their employees to work a little longer," says Bernard Baumohl, chief global economist at Economic Outlook Group. "But when they start hiring you know something is going on, and temporary hiring typically picks up well before permanent hiring " In 2002 temporary hiring went from net job losses to net job increase almost to the month that the recession ended. At this moment, the monthly change in temporary employment has been negative for 25 months running. When it swings positive you can be sure that better times will follow. Job creation is key to economic recoveryUN News Center 10 (“Economic recovery efforts must focus on job creation, UN agency stresses” http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35074&Cr=ilo&Cr1=) APB ILO Director-General Juan Somavia 18 June 2010 – The United Nations labour agency today stressed that job creation must be the priority of policies geared towards economic recovery, saying more than 210 million workers globally cannot find jobs – the highest worldwide figure ever recorded for unemployment. “The only real recovery is a recovery without social deficit,” said the International Labour Organization (ILO) Director-General Juan Somavia in a message to the closing plenary of the ILO’s annual International Labour Conference in Geneva. Held in the lead-up to the summit of the Group of 20 (G20) industrialized and developing economies in Toronto, Canada, at the end of next week, ILO’s 183 Member States expressed broad concern that the global economic recovery remained “fragile and unevenly distributed, and many labour markets are yet to see jobs recovery match economic recovery.” Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told reporters in New York today that he will travel to Toronto for the G20 summit. “I will stress that we must not settle for an economic recovery that simply takes us back to pre-crisis conditions. We need to build back better,” Mr. Ban said. He said he had written to all of the G20 leaders stressing the need for concerted action in three specific areas: inclusive growth, including a priority on job creation and decent work; green growth – powering prosperity through environment-friendly technologies and growth that promotes healthy populations – investing in stronger health systems, including maternal and child health. Delegates at the labour conference in Geneva called for the implementation of ILO’s Global Jobs Pact, which was adopted at a crisis summit held during last year’s conference and received strong support during the G20 summit in the United States city of Pittsburgh in September last year. Speakers also backed Mr. Somavia’s call for a “balanced” policy strategy aimed at securing a “jobs-rich” economic recovery, and his warning that recent deficit reduction measures, mainly in social spending, could “directly affect jobs and salaries” at a time of weak economic recovery and continued high levels of unemployment. Delegates reiterated their call to the ILO to place productive employment and decent work at the centre of economic and social policies to strengthen the social dimension of globalization. Delegates also called on the ILO to enhance its collaboration with the multi-lateral institutions, particularly the UN, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, strengthening policy coherence across financial, economic, trade, employment, social and environmental policies. Mr. Somavia noted that the ILO had seen no significant indications of a reduction in the global rate of unemployment this year, despite signs of an economic recovery. Government representatives, employers and workers noted that the continuing lack of jobs placed a “terrible burden” on the unemployed and hindered efforts to create “the right environment for enterprises to create employment.” Others cautioned again the premature removal of economic stimulus packages. “The message of this conference is very clear – put jobs at the centre of the recovery. In terms of the G20 meeting in Toronto, this means keeping the leaders’ commitment, under the chairmanship of President [Barack] Obama [United States] in Pittsburgh, to put quality jobs at the heart of the recovery,” Mr. Somavia said. Recovery must start with jobsZhu 12 (Min, Ph.D., Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, “Jobs and Growth: Can’t Have One Without the Other?” April 30 http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2012/04/30/jobs-and-growth-cant-have-one-without-the-other/) APB As Frank Sinatra crooned about love and marriage, so it seems about jobs and growth: “This I tell ya, brother, you can’t have one without the other.” The IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook projects global growth of 3 ½ percent this year. To the person on the street, what matters is how this growth translates into jobs and wages. The news on the jobs front, unfortunately, remains grim. Five years after the onset of the Great Recession, 16 million more people are likely to remain unemployed this year than in 2007. This estimate is for a set of countries for which the IMF forecasts unemployment rates; adding in some countries for which the International Labour Organization provides forecasts only boosts the number. The bulk of this increase in unemployed people has been in the so-called advanced economies (the IMF’s term for countries with high per capita incomes), as shown in the chart below. Why isn’t the jobs picture better? Quite simply, it’s because the growth picture isn’t very good. Consider Chart 2, which shows how for advanced economies the change in unemployment rates expected between 2011 and 2012 correlates with the IMF’s forecasts for growth this year. Countries such as Cyprus, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain, where GDP is expected to decline in 2012 are the ones where unemployment is expected to increase this year. In Iceland, New Zealand, and the United States, where GDP is expected to grow, unemployment rates are expected to decline. While these declines are welcome, unemployment rates are still expected to remain high in most advanced economies this year. The average unemployment rate in these economies is expected to 7 ¾ percent, with several populous economies such as the United States, France, the United Kingdom at or above this average. Policy response The need to bring down these high unemployment rates is paramount. That’s why the IMF stated in its recent World Economic Outlook that “the highest priority, but also the most difficult to achieve, is to durably increase growth in advanced economies, and especially in Europe.” Specifically, policies must be strengthened to solidify the weak recovery and contain the many downside risks. In the short term this will require: more efforts to address the euro crisis; a temperate approach to fiscal restraint in response to weaker activity; a continuation of the very accommodative monetary policies; and ample liquidity to the financial sector. 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