Metros Aff 1 Transit 1AC, ob. 1 2
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- State Police Solve Terrorism
- ***AT: Privatization***
- Privatization Links to Politics
- Mass transit and altered land use are popular but privatization isn’t
***AT-METRO CP***MPOs/Cities Can’t SolveMetropolitan don’t have the means to fund transportation reformHill et al. ‘5 Edward Hill is the Vice President of Economic Development at Cleveland State University. Robert Puentes is a fellow in the Metropolitan Policy at the Brookings Institution. Kevin O’Brien is a columnist at the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Claudette Robey is the Assistant Director with the Center for Public Management and the Great Lakes Environmental Finance Center. There are other authors of this chapter. “Slanted Pavement: How Ohio’s Highway Spending Shortchanges Cities and Suburbs,” Taking the High Road, Brookings Institution Press, p. 122 This unequal treatment is further exacerbated by biased formulas that disproportionately distribute the local government portion of the state gas tax and vehicle registration lazes to rural areas. These revenues overlap with the project database given that there is a local share within many of the projects that may contain gas tax or vehicle registration tax revenues. However, the negative impact on urban and suburban areas is compounded because federal and some state programs can only be accessed with an adequate local match.
Should Restore 80/20the usfg should restore the 80-20 funding balanceKatz et al. ‘5 Bruce Katz is vice president, director of the Metropolitan Policy Progam, and Adeline M. and Alfred I. Johnson Chair in Urban and Metropolitan Studies at the Brookings Institution. Robert Puentes is a fellow in the Metropolitan Policy at the Brookings Institution. Scott Bernstein is at the Center for Neighborhood Technology. “Getting Transportation Right for Metropolitan America,” Taking the High Road, Brookings Institution Press, p. 31-32 Level the Playing Field between Highways and Transit. Metropolitan areas fully understand the importance of transit to their competitive future. Yet, despite earlier reforms, federal policy and practice continue to place transit projects at a disadvantage. Therefore several reforms should be made. Congress should continue the funding guarantees for transit and ensure that the federal share for transit projects equals the federal share for highways. Thus the 80-20 split between federal and state-local funds for new fixed-rail transit projects should be reinstated, and Congress should allow community assets, such as parks and other infrastructure, to count as part of the state-local match. In addition, the new law should require equal treatment of proposed highway and transit projects. Roadway projects using federal funds should face the same level of scrutiny as new rail projects, for example. Similarly, long-range financial requirements for highway projects should be disclosed at program level, as they now are for transit projects. Finally, Congress should give incentives to states to remove legal barriers that currently prohibit the use of state gas tax revenues for transit purposes.
State police forces are key to stop terrorist attacksHughbank & Hughbank ‘7 Richard J. Hughbank and Robert D. Hughbank. Special Reaction Team:;Who Stops Those Who Stop at Nothing? The Journal of Counterterrororism & Homeland Security International, 2007 Winter As the War on Terror continues to manifest itself in our cities and states, local and state police agencies must continue to find tactical methods to actively seek out, engage, and disrupt domestic and international terrorist operational cells and activities during any of the seven phases of a terrorist operation1 in order to prove ourselves victorious. "Our ability to achieve that victory will depend fundamentally on the ability of American strategy to adjust and adapt to changes we see in the nature and character of our adversaries."2 This course affords that extra tool in our kits to successfully seek that victory as we actively train for and execute aggressive counter-terrorism measures. Counter-terrorism is a proactive, offensive approach to fighting the terroristic style of guerilla warfare in our urban environments; an approach that definitely requires special skill sets such as those involved with a SRT/SWAT. The highly trained individuals who make up this specialized tactical assault team must seek out every opportunity to train as a collective unit. As a general guideline, the USAMPS SRT instructors recommended the following training "TRIAD" when configuring time utilization: Marksmanship - 20%, Physical Conditioning - 20%, and Tactics - 60%. The utilization of these training techniques no less than four hours a week should prove beneficial when needed in a time of crisis. Your departmental support will prove a critical component in the development, training, financial support, and overall success of this special unit. ***AT: Privatization***Privatization failsrobust transit reform saves 5.2 billion gallons of gas per year but privatization leads to huge consumption leaps over the status quo—only the plan solves consumptionBailey, Mokhtarian, & Little ‘8 Linda Bailey is Senior Associate for Transportation at ICF International. Patricia Lyon MokhtarianProfessor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chair, Transportation Technology and Policy Graduate Program, and Associate Director for Education, Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis. Andrew Little is president of Urban Policy Research Institute. “The Broader Connection between Public Transportation, Energy Conservation and Greenhouse Gas Reduction,” http://www.apta.com/research/info/online/documents/land_use.pdf, February. If public transit systems had never existed in American cities and their effects on our urban landscapes were completely erased, American households would drive 102.2 billion more miles per year. The VMT reduction in this model can also be expressed as total estimated reduction in petroleum use. Assuming average mileage for each vehicle, we estimate the total effect of public transit on household fuel consumption to be a reduction of 5.2 billion gallons of gasoline per year. Privatization Links to PoliticsPrivatization deeply unpopularV1 Magazine ‘7 Americans Prefer to Spend More on Mass Transit and Highway Maintenance, Less on New Roads, Friday, 26 October 2007, http://www.vector1media.com/top-stories/projects/americans-prefer-to-spend-more-on-mass-transit-and-highway-maintenance,-less-on-new-roads/ Americans are overwhelmingly opposed to the private ownership of roads; that is, selling key roads and highways to private companies who would charge a toll and give a portion of the toll money to the state. Eighty-four percent of respondents oppose private ownership of roads; only 14 percent support the concept. Similarly, 66 percent are opposed to allowing private companies to build, own and collect tolls for new roads - even if those companies gave a portion of the toll money to the state. Mass transit and altered land use are popular but privatization isn’tV1 Magazine ‘7 Americans Prefer to Spend More on Mass Transit and Highway Maintenance, Less on New Roads, Friday, 26 October 2007, http://www.vector1media.com/top-stories/projects/americans-prefer-to-spend-more-on-mass-transit-and-highway-maintenance,-less-on-new-roads/ Eight in 10 respondents prefer redeveloping older urban and suburban areas rather than building new housing and commercial developments on the edge of existing suburbs. More than half of those surveyed believe that businesses and homes should be built closer together to shorten commutes, limit traffic congestion and allow residents to walk to stores and shops instead of using their cars. Six in 10 also agree that new-home construction should be limited in outlying areas and encouraged in inner urban areas to shorten commutes and prevent more traffic congestion. With road building costs often exceeding revenues, many states are turning to tolls as a key funding source. Americans are divided on tolls, although 55 percent approve of charging tolls on more roads if that improves roads and decreases congestion. On the other hand, six in 10 are opposed to charging tolls on freeways during rush hour to reduce congestion. Respondents are evenly split on charging tolls during rush hour, even if the money is used to provide transportation alternatives to the freeway. When it comes to spending taxpayer dollars, respondents believe Congress should spend more money to maintain and repair roads, highways, freeways, and bridges and to expand and improve public transit than build new roads. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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