I.A.8.N.b. Rounded-crowned temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forest

I.A.8.N.b. Rounded-crowned temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forest

I.A.8.N.b.3 Sand Pine Forest Alliance (A.117)

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  Scrub (FNAI 1992a)
  
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  Scrub, Sand Pine Scrub subtype (FNAI 1992b)
  
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  Scrub, Sand Pine/Turkey Oak Scrub subtype (FNAI 1992b)
  
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  St. Lucie Scrub: Pinus clausa-Quercus spp. Association (Laessle 1942)
  
• 
  Sand Pine: 69, in part (Eyre 1980)
  

I.A. Evergreen forest

I.A.8.N.b.9 Longleaf Pine - (Slash Pine) Forest Alliance (A.123)

PINUS PALUSTRIS - (PINUS ELLIOTTII) FOREST ALLIANCE

Alliance Concept

Summary: This alliance accommodates flatwoods and other mesic Coastal Plain environments dominated by mixtures of Pinus palustris and Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. This includes a variety of situations, for example dense, fire-suppressed Pinus elliottii var. elliottii plantations and old-field stands, on former Pinus palustris sites, with a remnant semi-natural ground layer; in addition to other silviculturally manipulated stands, such as forests resulting from planting or regeneration of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii from seed trees. Examples of this alliance are generally silviculturally managed, so some examples at particular times may exhibit canopy coverage below the 60% cover limit for a forest, but all examples are conceptually included here. Burning frequencies for management purposes are generally increased in older stands (greater than 15 years of age). ^Examples of this alliance in the West Gulf Coastal Plain include stands which are old plantations planted outside the natural range of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii, sometimes on former Pinus palustris sites. In this region, the local expression of this alliance depends on soil conditions. In mesic to dry-mesic uplands, the canopy may range from nearly pure Pinus elliottii (possibly with some Pinus taeda ingrowth) to a mixed canopy containing Pinus elliottii var. elliottii and Pinus palustris in combination. In the former case, soils are generally acidic silt loams and sandy loams; in the latter case they tend to be well-drained to moderately well-drained fine sandy loams and sands underlain by clay. The understory and herbaceous strata vary depending on management, site conditions, and canopy coverage; the tall-shrub stratum ranges from fairly dense to sparse, and may be patchy. In the Inner Coastal Plain of South Carolina (Savannah River Site), mature upland plantations in this alliance tend to develop an understory including Nyssa sylvatica and an herbaceous stratum dominated by Rubus argutus. In contrast, burned examples tend to have Prunus serotina var. serotina in the understory and Andropogon virginicus in the herbaceous layer.

Synonymy:

• 
  IF3b. Plantation (Hardwood or Conifer), in part (Allard 1990)
  
• 
  Loamy Hills Longleaf - Slash Pine Forest, in part (Wieland 1994b)
  
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  Longleaf - Slash Pine Forest, in part (Wieland 1994b)
  
• 
  Longleaf Pine - Slash Pine: 83, in part (Eyre 1980)
  

Comments: Associations on the Kisatchie, Angelina, and Sabine national forests are former plantations that are out of the natural range of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. This alliance contains managed forests which are manipulated through silvicultural techniques such as burning and thinning. Initially planted as a seedling/sapling phase, they progress relatively quickly (9-12 years) to a forest physiognomy. See also the Pinus elliottii Planted Forest Alliance (A.95), for these younger stands are likely to be cut before succeeding to other vegetation types.

Alliance Distribution

Range: This alliance is found in the Coastal Plain of the United States in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas.

States: AL FL GA LA MS NC SC TX

USFS Ecoregions: 232B:C, 232C:C, 232D:C, 232F:C, 232G:?

Federal Lands: DOD (Eglin, Fort Benning, Fort Bragg); DOE (Savannah River Site); USFS (Angelina?, Apalachicola, Conecuh, Croatan, Davy Crockett?, De Soto, Francis Marion, Kisatchie, Sabine?, Sam Houston?, Tuskegee?); USFWS (St. Marks)

Alliance Sources

References: Allard 1990, Clewell 1981, Eyre 1980, Jones et al. 1981b, Pearson et al. 1987, Quarterman and Keever 1962, Smith pers. comm., Wieland 1994b

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