I.C.3.N.d. Saturated mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest

I.C.3.N.d. Saturated mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest

I.C.3.N.d.1 Slash Pine - Sweetbay - Swamp Blackgum - (Pond-cypress) Saturated Forest Alliance (A.441)

• 
  Slash Pine-Pond Cypress/Hardwood Forest, in part (Smith 1996a)
  
• 
  Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp Forest (Wieland 1994b)
  
• 
  Slash Pine: 84, in part (Eyre 1980)
  

II. Woodland

II.A.2.N.a. Temperate broad-leaved evergreen woodland

II. Woodland

II.A.2.N.a.5 Cabbage Palmetto Temperate Woodland Alliance (A.481)

SABAL PALMETTO TEMPERATE WOODLAND ALLIANCE

Alliance Concept

Summary: This alliance consists of upland palm savannas dominated by open to scattered canopy of Sabal palmetto. In some cases, these communities occupy narrow strips of upland adjacent to marsh. They have a dense shrubby understory and a high water table. Severe conditions, likely including periodic hurricane damage (by wind and flooding), preclude forest development. They occur in the ACE (Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto) Basin and may be most common in the Sea Islands Section of the Coastal Plain. In southern Florida, vegetation of this alliance occurs on similar sites to Pinus elliottii var. densa communities but with more frequent fire (2- to 3-year return time) favoring the palm species Sabal palmetto and Serenoa repens.

Synonymy:

• 
  Cabbage Palmetto: 74, in part (Eyre 1980)
  

Comments:

Alliance Distribution

Range: This alliance is found in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.

States: FL GA SC

USFS Ecoregions: 232C:C, 232D:C, 232G:P, 411A:C

Federal Lands: NPS (Fort Pulaski); USFS (Ocala)

Alliance Sources

References: Eyre 1980, Huck 1987, Johnson and Barbour 1990, Laessle 1942, Sharitz 1975

II.A.2.N.c. Saturated temperate broad-leaved evergreen woodland

II. Woodland

II.A.2.N.c.3 Cabbage Palmetto Saturated Woodland Alliance (A.488)

SABAL PALMETTO SATURATED WOODLAND ALLIANCE

Alliance Concept

Summary: This alliance encompasses a variety of environmental situations with saturated hydrology and a distinctive open canopy of Sabal palmetto. In Florida, this alliance may be represented by a type of open-canopy hydric hammock over organic soil dominated by a combination of Sabal palmetto, Quercus virginiana, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Quercus nigra. All the upper woody strata contain prominent Sabal palmetto. Shrubs include Ilex cassine, Morella cerifera (= Myrica cerifera), Ilex glabra, Persea palustris, Cornus foemina, Diospyros virginiana, and Vaccinium corymbosum. Some other sites may consist of wet flatwoods with sand substrates and canopies of cabbage palmetto. In these cases, there is usually a well-developed shrubby stratum, consisting of species such as Morella cerifera (= Myrica cerifera var. cerifera) and Ilex glabra. The hydrology is seasonally saturated, with rare surface water. On Kiawah Island, South Carolina, woodlands dominated by Sabal palmetto occupy old dune swales and extensive low flats between old dune ridges. In this vegetation Sabal palmetto may comprise over 95% of the canopy; the only other tree species which occur are occasional Quercus laurifolia, Acer rubrum, Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (= Juniperus silicicola), Persea sp., Morella cerifera, and Morus rubra. This open, glade-like woodland has a dense herbaceous layer containing Glyceria septentrionalis, Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense (= Cladium jamaicense), Woodwardia virginica, Woodwardia areolata, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Rhynchospora caduca, Carex stipata var. maxima, and Boehmeria cylindrica. Marsh edge Sabal palmetto communities with marsh grass understories may also belong in this alliance.

Synonymy:

• 
  Cabbage Palmetto: 74, in part (Eyre 1980)
  

Comments: There may be some difficulty in distinguishing examples of the various saturated alliances which involve Sabal palmetto (Sabal palmetto - Quercus virginiana Saturated Forest Alliance (A.61), Sabal palmetto - Quercus laurifolia - Quercus virginiana - Magnolia virginiana - Ulmus americana Saturated Forest Alliance (A.380), and Sabal palmetto Saturated Woodland Alliance(A.488)). These all represent, at least in part, various kinds of hydric hammocks.

Alliance Distribution

Range: This alliance is found in Florida, South Carolina, and possibly in Georgia (?) and elsewhere.

States: FL GA? SC

USFS Ecoregions: 232B:C, 232C:C, 232D:C, 232G:P, 411A:P

Federal Lands: USFS (Ocala); USFWS (St. Marks)

Alliance Sources

References: Abrahamson and Hartnett 1990, Eyre 1980, Huck 1987, Johnson and Barbour 1990, Kurz 1942, Laessle 1942, Sharitz 1975

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