National Forests in Florida Final Report
I.C.2.N.d. Saturated mixed broad-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest
Download 3.16 Mb.
|
I.C.2.N.d. Saturated mixed broad-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forestI.C. Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest I.C.2.N.d.1 Sweetbay - Swamp Blackgum - (Diamondleaf Oak) Saturated Forest Alliance (A.378)MAGNOLIA VIRGINIANA - NYSSA BIFLORA - (QUERCUS LAURIFOLIA) SATURATED FOREST ALLIANCE Alliance Concept Summary: Forests of floodplain flats and small blackwater stream headwaters. Canopies are diverse, but various combinations of Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa biflora, and Quercus laurifolia often strongly dominate the canopy stratum. In the East Gulf Coastal Plain of Louisiana and Mississippi, this alliance includes Quercus laurifolia bayheads, over sticky clay soils, which are less acid and shrubby than most other bayhead types; as well as small ravine-bottom bayheads with seepage. In the former, the canopy is dominated by Quercus laurifolia, Nyssa biflora, Magnolia virginiana, and Acer rubrum var. rubrum. In addition, the subcanopy contains Fraxinus caroliniana. The open shrub stratum may contain Cyrilla racemiflora, Vaccinium elliottii, Leucothoe racemosa, Rhododendron viscosum, Viburnum nudum var. nudum, Toxicodendron radicans, Chionanthus virginicus, and Lyonia lucida. In the latter case, the canopy is dominated by Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa biflora, Magnolia grandiflora, and Liriodendron tulipifera. The shrub layer is dominated by Ilex coriacea and Viburnum nudum var. nudum; also Illicium floridanum, Morella cerifera (= Myrica cerifera), Morella caroliniensis (= Myrica heterophylla), Leucothoe racemosa, and Lyonia lucida. In the West Gulf Coastal Plain of Louisiana and Texas (and possibly Arkansas and Oklahoma), this alliance is expressed in at least two broad types which vary geographically along a north-south gradient. These broad-leaved mixed evergreen-deciduous forests are dominated by Magnolia virginiana and Nyssa biflora, with Liquidambar styraciflua codominant in some occurrences. Associated canopy species may include Quercus laurifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Quercus alba, Quercus nigra, Fagus grandifolia, Taxodium distichum, Pinus palustris, and Pinus taeda. The subcanopy may include Persea palustris, Acer rubrum, Ilex opaca var. opaca, and occasionally Chionanthus virginicus and Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Tall shrubs include Viburnum nudum var. nudum, Morella caroliniensis, Rhododendron canescens, Persea palustris, Morella cerifera, Ilex coriacea, Alnus serrulata, Photinia pyrifolia (= Aronia arbutifolia), Styrax americanus, and Rhododendron oblongifolium. The short-shrub stratum includes seedlings of overstory and tall-shrub species, plus Itea virginica, Berchemia scandens, Rubus spp., and Hypericum spp. Smilax laurifolia and Decumaria barbara are conspicuous vines. Herb species may include Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda regalis, Osmunda cinnamomea, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Chasmanthium latifolium, Chasmanthium laxum, Carex leptalea, Carex atlantica, Carex lonchocarpa (= Carex folliculata var. australis), Eleocharis tortilis, and Saururus cernuus, as well as Onoclea sensibilis, Elephantopus carolinianus, Boehmeria cylindrica, Juncus spp., and Fimbristylis spp. This manifestation of the alliance occurs on deep, very acidic silt loams, fine sandy loam, and loamy fine sand soils with high organic content, primarily on floodplain flats and along small blackwater streams of low velocity. Synonymy: IIA2a. Bay Forest, in part (Allard 1990) Bayhead Swamp, in part (Smith 1996a) Sweetbay Magnolia Series, in part (Diamond 1993) Semi-Evergreen Broad-leaved Acid Seep Forest (Bridges and Orzell 1989a) Mill Creek Bayhead (Martin and Smith 1991) Upper Prairie Creek/Upper Wet Community (Nixon et al. 1983a) Sweetbay - Swamp Tupelo - Redbay: 104, in part (Eyre 1980) Sweetbay - Swamp Tupelo / Osmunda Loamy Wet Forested Seeps (Turner et al. 1999) Comments: Compare to "Swamp Tupelo-Sweetbay Type" of Beckett and Golden (1982) of the Reed Brake RNA, Talladega National Forest, Alabama. Alliance Distribution Range: This alliance is found in the southeastern United States, primarily in the coastal plains, in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. States: AL AR FL GA LA MS TX USFS Ecoregions: 231B:C, 231D:P, 231E:C, 232B:C, 232C:C, 232D:C, 232E:C, 232F:C Federal Lands: DOD (Fort Benning?, Fort Gordon); USFS (Angelina, Apalachicola, Conecuh, Davy Crockett?, Kisatchie, Osceola, Sabine, Sam Houston, Talladega, Tuskegee); USFWS (Bon Secour?) Alliance Sources References: Allard 1990, Beckett and Golden 1982, Bridges and Orzell 1989a, Clewell 1985, Diamond 1993, Eyre 1980, Gresham and Lipscomb 1981, Martin and Smith 1991, McDonald pers. comm., Monk 1968, Nixon et al. 1983a, Smith 1994a, Turner et al. 1999, Wharton 1978 I.C. Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest I.C.2.N.d.3 Cabbage Palmetto - Diamondleaf Oak - Live Oak - Sweetbay - American Elm Saturated Forest Alliance (A.380)SABAL PALMETTO - QUERCUS LAURIFOLIA - QUERCUS VIRGINIANA - MAGNOLIA VIRGINIANA - ULMUS AMERICANA SATURATED FOREST ALLIANCE Alliance Concept Summary: This alliance includes hydric hammocks of Florida and possibly adjacent Georgia, characterized by a moderately diverse canopy, usually composed of Sabal palmetto, Quercus virginiana, Quercus laurifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana (= Ulmus americana var. floridana), and sometimes also Pinus taeda, Acer rubrum, Quercus nigra, Magnolia virginiana, Celtis laevigata, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and others. Typical understory species can include Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Cornus foemina, Diospyros virginiana, Magnolia virginiana, Persea palustris, Nyssa biflora, and canopy species. Typical shrubs and woody vines include Sabal minor, Rhapidophyllum hystrix, Viburnum obovatum, Berchemia scandens, Callicarpa americana, Ampelopsis arborea, Persea palustris, and Toxicodendron radicans. Hydric hammocks typically form where deep groundwater seeps slowly from limestone outcrops. They reside on poorly drained soils or on soils with high water tables, and are frequently located between mesic hammock or pine flatwoods on the upper side, and river swamps, wet prairies, or marshes on the lower side. Synonymy: Hydric Hammock (FNAI 1992a) Cabbage Palmetto: 74, in part (Eyre 1980) Comments: There may be some difficulty in distinguishing examples of the various saturated alliances which involve Sabal palmetto (Sabal palmetto - Quercus virginiana Saturated Forest Alliance (A.61), Sabal palmetto - Quercus laurifolia - Quercus virginiana - Magnolia virginiana - Ulmus americana Saturated Forest Alliance (A.380), Sabal palmetto Saturated Woodland Alliance (A.488)). These all represent, at least in part, various kinds of hydric hammocks. Alliance Distribution Range: This alliance is found in Florida and Georgia. States: FL GA USFS Ecoregions: 232C:P, 232D:P, 232G:C Federal Lands: DOD (Cape Canaveral); USFS (Ocala); USFWS (Merritt Island?, St. Marks) Alliance Sources References: Ewel 1990b, Eyre 1980, FNAI 1992a, FNAI 1992b, Johnson and Barbour 1990, Platt and Schwartz 1990, Vince et al. 1989 Directory: library library -> Strategic Plan South Sudan Country Office Context library -> The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh Selected Letters library -> Ieee/iee electronic Library (iel) library -> [0] B. Hardware [2] library -> [1] B. Hardware [1] library -> Florida public service commission library -> 1 1 before the florida public service commission 2 docket no. 070650-ei 3 In the Matter of: 4 petition to determine need for turkey point nuclear units 6 and 7 electrical 5 power plant, by florida power & light company library -> Archived Online Exhibit Download 3.16 Mb. Share with your friends:
|