No nasa space launches now- partisan fighting and controversies prevent all funding Handberg 7-25
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Impact Calc- MagnitudeObama has set reducing space debris to be the priority of the United States of America taking whatever sets necessary Obama 10 (President of the United States, Bachelor in Political Sciences from Columbia University, Magna Cum Laude from Harvard Law School, State Senator for Illinois, Senator for Illinois) Barack Obama June 27, 2010 “National Space Policy of the United States of America” http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/national_space_policy_6-28-10.pdf For the purposes of minimizing debris and preserving the space environment for the responsible, peaceful, and safe use of all users, the United States shall: Lead the continued development and adoption of international and industry standards and policies to minimize debris, such as the United Nations Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines; Develop, maintain, and use space situational awareness (SSA) information from commercial, civil, and national security sources to detect, identify, and attribute actions in space that are contrary to responsible use and the long-term sustainability of the space environment; Continue to follow the United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, consistent with mission requirements and cost effectiveness, in the procurement and operation of spacecraft, launch services, and the conduct of tests and experiments in space; Pursue research and development of technologies and techniques, through the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Secretary of Defense, to mitigate and remove on-orbit debris, reduce hazards, and increase understanding of the current and future debris environment; and Require the head of the sponsoring department or agency to approve exceptions to the United States Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices and notify the Secretary of State . Impact Calc- ProbabilityIncreased solar activity exponentially increases chances for space debris collisions- Prevention is the only solution Wall 11 (Senior Editor of Space.com, PhD in evolutionary biology from University of Sydney, Science Writer for Idaho National Laboratory, Writer for SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) Mike Wall Space.com April 5, 2011 “Space Junk Threat Will Grow for Astronauts and Satelites” http://www.space.com/11305-space-junk-astronauts-bigger-threat.html These 5,000 new fragments initially started out higher up in Earth orbit than the space station, which flies around the Earth about 220 miles (354 km) up. But they're starting to come closer to the station now, because solar activity is ramping up. The sun is emerging from an extended quiescent period, and increased solar activity is causing Earth's atmosphere to expand, Stansbery said. As a result, the drag on high-altitude space junk is increasing, causing the stuff to spiral lower and lower. "When the solar cycle is ramped up, that's typically when we get a lot of this rain-down from higher altitudes," Stansbery said. Since the peak of solar activity is not expected until 2012 or 2013, astronauts aboard the station could be in for some more close calls in the near future, he added. Prevention the best medicine NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense work together to keep tabs on space junk. They also coordinate as much as they can with other nations, since space debris is a global problem. "There is a lot of cooperation internationally on this topic," Stansbery said. If it's hard to keep track of millions of pieces of space trash, it's even tougher to get rid of them. Removing the threatening junk would be nice, but at the moment doing so on a large scale remains out of reach. "Our feeling is, that's still a long way off," Stansbery said. "It's a very difficult technological problem." So as a result, prevention may be the best cure for the space-debris problem right now. "We're still concentrating on producing as little debris as possible," Stansbery said. Impact Calc- TimeframeTimeframe key- Every day that passes increases chances of satellite destruction and economic downturn Kaplan 09 (Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Chief Engineer on Two Launch Vehicale Programs, Advanced Degree of Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT and Stanford, Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fellow of American Astronautical Society) Marshall H., Kaplan September 14-17, 2009, Survey of Space Debris Reduction Methods”, AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition At any moment there are several hundred operational satellites flying above Earth, with all other orbiting objects classified as debris. Such objects include expired satellites, spent rocket upper stages, fragments from explosions and collisions, paint flakes, chunks of slag from solid rocket motors, remnants of old science experiments and a variety of small particles. If left alone debris will continue to propagate through collisions, launches, mishaps, explosions and the expiration of active satellites. With each passing day the risk of damage to active satellites increases. Eventually, a phenomenon called the Kessler Syndrome5 may lead to the destruction of many operational satellites in low orbits. In fact, movement toward this phenomenon has already begun to take shape. On the average, debris numbers are increasing and average sizes are decreasing. At some point in the not-too-distant future, and in highly populated spherical shells about the Earth, there could be a chain reaction of collisions as the frequency of events accelerates exponentially. Once this process begins most active satellites in these congested orbits will rapidly be reduced to a large number of small debris pieces. The resulting cloud of particles could act as a barrier to space flight, preventing penetration by satellites and launch vehicles. Should this situation occur, space access could be denied to all space-faring nations until this debris shield is at least partially cleaned up. The time to act is well before the frequency of debris collisions starts to increase significantly. A responsible, measured removal program that reduces and maintains risks to active satellites at acceptable levels is the prudent solution to long-term access to space. Otherwise, every industrial nation could experience major economic downturns and severe security breaches. All modern banking, communications, navigation, weather forecasting, intelligence and defense systems would be affected. 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