Solvency Exts - NextGen solves delays

Solvency Exts - NextGen solves delays

Next Gen solves delays, fuel emissions, and noise - empirics prove

As airports and operators reap the benefits of the investments and deployments we are making today, the FAA continues to sharpen its projections of the benefits we expect NextGen to provide during the mid-term. Our latest estimates, which are sensitive to traffic and fuel price forecasts, indicate that by 2018, NextGen will reduce total delays (in flight and on the ground) by about 35 percent compared with what would happen if we did nothing. That delay reduction will provide, through 2018, $23 billion in cumulative benefits to aircraft operators, the traveling public and the FAA. In the process, we will save about 1.4 billion gallons of aviation fuel during this period, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 14 million tons. The FAA expanded the demonstration activities and trials we use to develop NextGen capabilities, and which provide direct benefits to the members of the aviation community who partner with the FAA to conduct those activities. In Memphis, Tenn., both FedEx and Delta have reported savings from technologies and operational practices aimed at preventing long lines from forming at the end of the runway. Highly specialized Optimized Profile Descents known as Initial Tailored Arrivals have proven so successful, they are moving from demonstration to operational use at airports in San Francisco, Los Angeles and Miami. In addition to helping curb delays, surface management and Initial Tailored Arrivals help the environment by reducing fuel burn and emissions, and offering opportunities to manage noise.

Solvency Exts - Next Gen Tech solves weather delays

Next Gen's interdependent satellite technology increases communication and knowledge for pilots - drastically would decrease weather delays

FAA 07 (Federal Aviation Administration, “Fact Sheet – NextGen”, 2/14/07, AD: 07/09/12, http://www.faa.gov/news/fact_sheets/news_story.cfm?newsid=8145 | Kushal)
NextGen is a wide ranging transformation of the entire national air transportation system — not just certain pieces of it — to meet future demands and avoid gridlock in the sky and in the airports. It moves away from legacy ground based technologies to a new and more dynamic satellite based technology. Technologies and activities that support this transformation are currently part of the FAA’s investment portfolio and represent a step beyond our legacy modernization programs. These new capabilities and the highly interdependent technologies that support them will change the way the system operates, reduce congestion, and improve the passenger experience. This multi-agency initiative is led by the Joint Planning and Development Office. Transformational NextGen Programs ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is, quite simply, the future of air traffic control. As the backbone of the NextGen system, it uses GPS satellite signals to provide air traffic controllers and pilots with much more accurate information that will help keep aircraft safely separated in the sky and on runways. Aircraft transponders receive GPS signals and use them to determine the aircraft’s precise position in the sky, which is combined with other data and broadcast out to other aircraft and air traffic control facilities. When properly equipped with ADS-B, both pilots and controllers will, for the first time, see the same real-time displays of air traffic, substantially improving safety. The FAA will issue a rulemaking that will mandate the avionics necessary for implementing ADS-B across the national airspace system, and will work closely with stakeholders to determine the timeline. The FY08 budget request includes $85 million for ADS-B. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $564 million for ADS-B. SWIM System Wide Information management (SWIM) provides the infrastructure and services to deliver network-enabled information access across the NextGen air transportation operations. As an early opportunity investment, SWIM will provide high quality, timely data to many users and applications – extending beyond the previous focus on unique, point-to-point interfaces for application-to-application data exchange. By reducing the number and types of interfaces and systems, SWIM will reduce redundancy of information and better facilitate multi-agency information-sharing. SWIM will also enable new modes of decision-making, as information is more easily accessed by all stakeholders affected by operational decisions. The FY08 budget request includes $21.3 million for SWIM. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $173 million for SWIM. NextGen Data Communications NextGen transformation cannot be realized through today’s voice-only communications. This is particularly true in the areas of aircraft trajectory-based on operations, net-centric and net-enabled information access. Initially, data communication provides an additional means for two-way exchange between controllers and flight crews for air traffic control clearances, instructions, advisories, flight crew requests and reports. With 70 percent of aircraft data-link equipped, allowing for the exchange of routine controller-pilot messages and clearances via data can enable controllers to safely handle more traffic. This improves air traffic controller productivity, enhances capacity and safety. The FY08 budget request includes $7.4 million for NextGen Data Communications. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $126 million for NextGen Data Communications. NextGen Network Enabled Weather Seventy percent of NAS delays are attributed to weather every year. The goal of this investment (combined with the other technologies outlined here) is to cut weather-related delays at least in half. The NextGen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW) will serve as the core of the NextGen weather support services and provide a common weather picture across the national airspace system. These services will, in turn, be integrated into other key components of NextGen required to enable better air transportation decision-making. It is anticipated that tens of thousands of global weather observations and sensor reports from ground-, airborne-, and space-based sources would fuse into a single national weather information system, updated as needed in real-time. The FY08 budget request includes $7 million for NextGen Network Enabled Weather. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $102 million for NextGen Network Enabled Weather. NAS Voice Switch Today there are 17 different baselines of voice switches in the NAS with some of them in the inventory more than 20 years. The NAS Voice Switch (NVS) will replace these switches and provide the foundation for all air/ground and ground/ground voice communications in the future air traffic control environment. The FY08 budget request includes $3 million for the NAS Voice Switch. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $157 million for NAS Voice Switch. NextGen Demonstrations and Infrastructure Development At this early stage of NextGen, it is critical to better define operational concepts and the technologies that will support them. For the first time, in FY08, FAA is requesting funding for these defining activities. This funding will support two demonstrations and a series of infrastructure development activities. The primary purpose is to refine aspects of the trajectory-based operations concept. The FY08 budget request includes $50 million for NextGen demonstrations and infrastructure development. Over five years the President’s Budget request totals $170 million for NextGen Demonstrations and Infrastructure Development. The Benefits of NextGen Trajectory Based Operations In the future, many pilots and dispatchers will be able to select their own flight paths, rather than follow the existing interstate-like grid in the sky. What enables this is information. In the high performance airspace of the future, each airplane will transmit and receive precise information about the time at which it and others will cross key points along their paths. Pilots and air traffic managers on the ground will have the same precise information, transmitted via data communications. Our investments in ADS-B, SWIM, and Data Communications are critical to trajectory based operations. Collaborative Air Traffic Management Major demand and capacity imbalances will be worked collaboratively between the FAA air traffic managers and flight operators. The increased scope, volume and widespread distribution of information that SWIM provides will improve the quality of the decisions and let more operators participate. Reduce Weather Impacts With NextGen, the impact of weather is reduced through the use of improved information sharing, new technology to sense and mitigate the impacts of weather, improved weather forecasts, and the integration of weather into automation to improve decision-making. Better forecasts, coupled with new automation, will minimize airspace limitations and traffic restrictions. High Density Airports When it comes to the airspace around the Nation’s busiest airports (Chicago, New York, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles), NextGen will provide capabilities beyond those in other areas. New procedures will improve airport surface movements, reduce spacing and separation requirements, and better manage the overall flows into and out of busy metropolitan airspace to provide maximum use of the highest demand airports. Flexible Terminals and Airports Focusing all resources on the largest, most complex airports would fail to uncover untapped capacity in the system, and that’s what this initiative is about. During busy traffic periods, NextGen will rely on the ability of aircraft to fly precise routes into and out of many airports to increase throughput. Why Now Without NextGen there will be gridlock in the skies. By 2022, we estimate that this failure would cost the U.S. economy $22 billion annually in lost economic activity. That number grows to over $40 billion by 2033 if we don’t act. Even as early as 2015 our simulation shows that without some of the initial elements of NextGen we will experience delays far greater than what we are seeing today.

Next Gen technology key to solving weather delays - it can handle the tripling of capacity that is coming

Tumer et al 07 (Kagan, and Adrian Agogino. Professor, Robotics and Control Oregon State University,  PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering, from The University of Texas, 97-06 was a senior research scientist in the Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center. Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems 2007, AAMAS '07: Honolulu, Hawaii, May 14 - 18, 2007. Red Hook, NY: Curran, 2007. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.7793&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
The efficient, safe and reliable management of our ever increasing air traffic is one of the fundamental challenges facing the aerospace industry today. On a typical day, more than 40,000 commercial flights operate within the US airspace [14]. In order to efficiently and safely route this air traffic, current traffic flow control relies on a centralized, hierarchical routing strategy that performs flow projections ranging from one to six hours. As a consequence, the system is slow to respond to developing weather or airport conditions leading potentially minor local delays to cascade into large regional congestions. In 2005, weather, routing decisions and airport conditions caused 437,667 delays, accounting for 322,272 hours of delays. The total cost of these delays was estimated to exceed three billion dollars by industry [7]. Furthermore, as the traffic flow increases, the current procedures increase the load on the system, the airports, and the air traffic controllers (more aircraft per region) without providing any of them with means to shape the traffic patterns beyond minor reroutes. The Next Generation Air Transportation Systems (NGATS) initiative aims to address this issues and, not only account for a threefold increase in traffic, but also for the increasing heterogeneity of aircraft and decreasing restrictions on flight paths. Unlike many other flow problems where the increasing traffic is to some extent absorbed by improved hardware (e.g., more servers with larger memories and faster CPUs for internet routing) the air traffic domain needs to find mainly algorithmic solutions, as the infrastructure (e.g., number of the airports) will not change significantly to impact the flow problem. There is therefore a strong need to explore new, distributed and adaptive solutions to the air flow control problem.

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