The working group on risk management in
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| 3.4. Floods and Cyclones: 3.4.1. Early Warning Systems in India (a) Flood Warning Systems in India: Flood forecasting and warning systems in India, complement structural flood management measures such as embankments and channels, which aim at minimizing flood damage and also better planning of rescue/relief operations. Scientific Flood Forecasting activities in India, commenced in 1958 for the Yamuna, and now cover almost all major flood prone inter-State river basins of India, with 173 flood forecasting stations in nine major river systems, and 71 river sub-basins instates. The Central Water Commission (CWC) is in charge of these systems. For other intrastate rivers, states have to establish such systems, usually they are not in place. Each year, CWC issues nearly 6,000 forecasts during the flood season, usually 12 to hours in advance. For this, CWC has hydrological data from 700 Gauge and Discharge sites and hydro-meteorological data over 500 rain gauge stations, through a network of about 550 wireless stations. IMD provides synoptic weather reports, weather forecast/heavy rainfall warnings etc, to CWC.Flood forecasting systems have received support in each Five year Plan, to improve the systems needed, to issue more accurate and timely warnings. There is a continuous need to improve, considering the large vulnerable population. Under the last plan, an additional 168 Telemetry Stations indifferent river basins were planned, with 8 modeling centers in five states, with hourly data transmission through VSAT. Daily Flood Bulletins and special Flood Bulletins are issued during the flood season In the 2005 monsoon, 158 level forecast bulletins and 122 inflow forecast bulletins were issued. In addition, 13 special Flood Bulletins were also issued. Over the last 2 decades, computerized mathematical models for forecast formulation were introduced.Currently, five hydrological models- SSARR, HECID, NIC, NAMSYSTEM-11 (MIKE) and CWCFF,I are used. Advanced technologies such as remote sensing and digital maps for flood risk zoning, are being developed under pilot projects. Download 0.68 Mb. Share with your friends:
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