Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 754.pdf

Abstract: This study employs a rapid, energy frugal and environmental friendly method to synthesize nitrogen doped titanate nanotubes (NTNTs), and uses TEM. XRD, Raman, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy to characterize the obtained NTNTs. TEM results demonstrate that the current research successfully synthesized one-dimensional NTNTs via the microwave hydrothermal (M-H) method, and show that NTNTs retain a tubular structure after sintering at a temperature of 350 C. XRD results agree well with Raman spectrum findings. Both show that the intensity of anatase crystallization increases with an increase in sintering temperature. After sintering at high temperature, above 250 degrees C, the UV-vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which illustrates N atom doping into nanotubes. Photocatalytic tests conclude that the NTNTs-350 shows good efficiency with visible-light response. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Analysis, Cds Nanoparticles, Composite, Electrolytes, Fabrication, Isotherms, Nitrogen Doped, Optical-Properties, Photocatalysis, Research, Sensitized Solar-Cells, Size, Synthesis, TEM, Temperature, TiO₂ Nanotubes, Titanate Nanotubes, Titanium-Oxide Nanotubes, Visible-Light, XRD

? Dou, B.L., Song, Y.C., Liu, Y.G. and Feng, C. (2010), High temperature CO₂ capture using calcium oxide sorbent in a fixed-bed reactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 759-765.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 759.pdf

Abstract: The gas-solid reaction and breakthrough curve of CO2 capture using calcium oxide sorbent at high temperature in a fixed-bed reactor are of great importance, and being influenced by a number of factors makes the characterization and prediction of these a difficult problem. In this study, the operating parameters on reaction between solid sorbent and CO2 gas at high temperature were investigated. The results of the breakthrough curves showed that calcium oxide sorbent in the fixed-bed reactor was capable of reducing the CO2 level to near zero level with the steam of 10 vol%, and the sorbent in CaO mixed with MgO of 40 wt% had extremely low capacity for CO2 capture at 550 degrees C. Calcium oxide sorbent after reaction can be easily regenerated at 900 degrees C by pure N-2 flow. The experimental data were analyzed by shrinking core model, and the results showed reaction rates of both fresh and regeneration sorbents with CO2 were controlled by a combination of the surface chemical reaction and diffusion of product layer. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biomass, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Calcium Oxide Sorbent, CaO, Carbon-Dioxide Capture, CO₂, Coal, Cycles, Diffusion, Glycerol, HCl Removal, Hydrogen-Production, Kinetics, Kinetics, Operating Parameters, Regeneration, Sorbent, Sorption

? Itskos, G., Koukouzas, N., Vasilatos, C., Megremi, I. and Moutsatsou, A. (2010), Comparative uptake study of toxic elements from aqueous media by the different particle-size-fractions of fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 787-792.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 787.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of the study described in this paper was to determine the removal of Cr (total), Cr(VI), Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd from wastewater using different particle-size-fractions of highly calcareous and highly siliceous fly ashes (FAs). Three different Hellenic FAs (two calcareous and one siliceous) were tested for their capability of precipitating heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Each FA sample was separated into six different size-fractions with a grain diameter range of:[(0-25)(25-40) (40-90) (90-150) (150-400) and (>400)] mu m. The different FA grain-fractions were evaluated in terms of their chemical composition, pH. Loss on Ignition (LOI) and CaOf (%). Batch adsorption experiments were then carried out, indicating that the various grain-fractions of the highly siliceous FA were more efficient in precipitating Cr(VI) but less capable of retaining Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. On the other hand, the high-Ca fly ashes were proven to be more efficient in uptaking Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, but less in hexavalent chromium. This particular tendency was also confirmed in the case of the different particle-size-fractions of same fly ashes. It was actually verified that FAs can be more effective in the field of industrial wastewater-remediation when separated into their size-fractions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Properties, Aqueous Solutions, Calcareous Fly Ash, Chemical Composition, Chromium, Coal, Copper(II), Cr(VI), Heavy Metal-Removal, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Nickel(II), Particle Size Distribution, pH, Removal, Siliceous Fly Ash, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wastewater-Treatment

? Huang, X., Wang, Y.P., Liao, X.P. and Shi, B. (2010), Adsorptive recovery of Au³⁺ from aqueous solutions using bayberry tannin-immobilized mesoporous silica. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 793-798.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 793.pdf

Abstract: Tannin is well known to be an inexpensive and ubiquitous natural biomass, which has high chelating affinity towards many metal ions. In this study, bayberry tannin (BT) was immobilized on mesoporous silica matrix to prepare a novel adsorbent, which was subsequently used for the adsorptive recovery of Au³⁺ from aqueous solutions. It was found that bayberry tannin-immobilized mesoporous silica (BT-SiO₂) was able to effectively recover Au³⁺ from acidic solutions (pH 2.0). The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Au³⁺ on BT-SiO₂ was high up to 642.0 mg/g at 323 K. Due to its mesoporous structure, BT-SiO₂ exhibited an extremely fast adsorption rate to Au³⁺ as compared with other tannin gel adsorbent. The presence of other coexisting metal ions, such as Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺, did not decrease the adsorption capacity of Au³⁺ on BT-SiO₂, and BT-SiO₂ had almost no adsorption capacity to these coexisting metal ions, which suggested the high adsorption selectivity of BT-SiO₂ to Au³⁺. Additionally, about 73% of adsorbed Au3+ can be desorbed using aqua regia, and the Au³⁺ solution was concentrated about 18.0 times as compared with the original solution. Consequently, the outstanding characteristics of BT-SiO₂ provide the possibility of effective recovery and concentration of Au³⁺ from diluted solutions. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Rate, Adsorptive Recovery, Aqueous Solutions, Au³⁺, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Characteristics, Concentration, Condensed-Tannin, Cu²⁺, Equilibrium, Gel, Gold Recovery, Gold(III), Immobilized, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Matrix, Mesoporous, Mesoporous Silica, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Natural, Ni²⁺, NOV, Pb²⁺, pH, Recovery, Removal, Rights, Selectivity, Silica, Solution, Solutions, Structure, Tannin, Zn²⁺

? Morales-Torres, S., Maldonado-Hódar, F.J., Pérez-Cadenas, A.F. and Carrasco-Marín, F. (2010), Design of low-temperature Pt-carbon combustion catalysts for VOC’s treatments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 814-822.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 814.pdf

Abstract: Two series of Pt/C-catalysts were prepared using pure carbon aerogels as supports. The influence of porosity, surface chemistry and Pt dispersion on the activity of Pt/C combustion catalysts was analyzed. The synthesis of the supports was fitted to have a monomodal pore size distribution in the meso and macropore range respectively. Both supports were functionalized by oxidation treatment with H2O2 or (NH4)(2)S2O8. These treatments did not modify the porosity significantly, but the surface chemistry changed from basic to acid as oxygen content increased. In this way, Pt-dispersion decreased as a result of the low thermal stability of surface carboxylic acid groups. Benzene was selected as target VOCs and the catalytic combustion performance depended mainly on the porous texture and Pt-dispersion, while the variations in the surface chemistry of carbon supports due to oxidation treatments seemed to have a weak influence on this kind of reaction. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Aerogels, Benzene, Carbon Aerogels, Coated Monoliths, Combustion, Oxidation, Platinum, Platinum Catalysts, Pore, Support, Surface Chemistry, Surface-Chemistry, Synthesis, Toluene, Treatment, VOCs, Volatile Organic-Compounds

? Prasad, G.K., Ramacharyulu, P.V.R.K., Batra, K., Singh, B., Srivastava, A.R., Ganesan, K. and Vijayaraghavan, R. (2010), Decontamination of Yperite using mesoporous mixed metal oxide nanocrystals. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 847-852.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 847.pdf

Abstract: Mixed metal oxide nanocrystals of AP-Al2O3, AP-Al2O3-Fe2O3, AP-Al2O3-V2O5 and AP-Al2O3-CuO have been prepared by aerogel process. XRD data of prepared materials revealed the formation of nanocrystals with a size range of 3-15 nm diameters. N-2 BET investigations on these materials revealed larger values of surface area ranging from 350 to 540 m(2)/g. Reactivity of these nanocrystalline materials against Yperite was examined by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy techniques. AP-Al2O3-Fe2O3, AP-Al2O3-V2O5 and AP-Al2O3-CuO nanocrystals exhibited superior decontamination properties against Yperite than AP-Al2O3. The reactions exhibited pseudo first order behaviour. 100% of Yperite was found to be decontaminated on Al2O3-Fe2O3, Al2O3-V2O5 and Al2O3-CuO where only 75% of the same was found to be decontaminated on AP-Al2O3 within 40h. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Adsorption, Al₂O₃, Decomposition, Decontamination, Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Dmmp, Ethyl Sulfide, Infrared, Mesoporous, Mixed Metal Oxides, Nanocrystals, Nanotubes, Sarin, Sulfur Mustard, Surface, Warfare Agents, XRD, Yperite

? Nata, I.F., Salim, G.W. and Lee, C.K. (2010), Facile preparation of magnetic carbonaceous nanoparticles for Pb²⁺ ions removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 853-858.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 853.pdf

Abstract: Magnetic carbonaceous nanoparticles were prepared by a facile two-step solution phase thermal synthesis. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with size less than 100 nm were first generated from FeCl3 in a solvothermal reaction. The size could be significantly reduced to approximately 30 nm when 1,6-hexanediamine was employed in the reaction solution to functionalize the surface of MNPs with amine. Both the plain and amine-functionalized MNPs (MH) were effectively encapsulated in the carbonaceous shell by hydrothermal treatment in 0.5 M glucose solution. The saturation magnetization of MH decreased significantly from 70 to 25 emu/g after carbonaceous shell was formed. The as-prepared magnetic carbonaceous nanoparticles (MH@C) carries a negative surface charge (-30 mV) at neutral pH and has a point of zero charge (PZC) at pH 2. The carbonaceous shell not only can protect the magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) from the corrosive environment but also possesses a high adsorption capacity towards Pb(II). The adsorption isotherm at room temperature can be well-fitted by Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 123 mg/g. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Core, Shell Structure, Fabrication, Glucose, Hydrothermal Carbonization, Hydrothermal Carbonization, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Magnetic, Magnetic Carbonaceous Nanoparticles, Nanoparticles, Pb Ion Adsorption, Pb(II), pH, Removal, Sorption, Strategy, Synthesis, Treatment

? Zhao, Q., Weise, L., Li, P.J., Yang, K., Zhang, Y.Q., Dong, D.B., Li, P. and Li, X.J. (2010), Ageing behavior of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils: A study using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate extraction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 881-887.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 881.pdf

Abstract: The surfactant SOBS has potential to be used as an extractant in advanced extraction methods. It was investigated if SDBS in concentrations of 10,000 mg L-1 can be used to study the ageing behaviors of phenanthrene and pyrene in two soils. Compared to dichloromethane extraction, extraction with 10,000 mg L-1 SOBS can improve the precision of the determination due to the low volatility of surfactant solution. In all cases tested, the amount of sorbed phenanthrene and pyrene in soils increased with contact time from 1 to 120 days, and can be applied well to both the three-domain model and the dual mode model. Redundancy analysis showed that time, organic carbon content and log K-ow are major factors affecting the fitted Freundlich parameters and the sorption kinetics of phenanthrene and pyrene. The amount of sorbed phenanthrene and pyrene in low-concentrations samples varied more with time than the one in high concentrations, indicating that the sorption on soils is concentration-dependent. Also, the isotherms were operationally separated into a “fast” fraction and a “slow” fraction. The results imply that the adsorption sites are internal to the SUM matrix and unevenly distributed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Ageing Behavior, Analysis, Bioavailability, Chemicals, Contact Time, Desorption, Freundlich, Freundlich Parameters, Isotherms, Kinetics, Matter, Nonequilibrium Sorption, Organic-Compounds, Phenanthrene, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Pyrene, Sdbs, Sequestration, Soil, Soils, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Surfactant-SDBS, System

? Deng, X.J., Lu, L.L., Li, H.W. and Luo, F. (2010), The adsorption properties of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on functionalized graphene prepared by electrolysis method. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 923-930.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 923.pdf

Abstract: The functionalizecl graphene (GNS(PF6)) was fabricated by simple and fast method of electrolysis with potassium hexafluorophosphate solution as electrolyte under the static potential of 15 V. The characterization results of transmission electron microscopy, atom force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction. Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis indicate that graphite rod was completely exfoliated to graphene layer containing 30 wt.% PF6- with the average thickness ca. 1.0 nm. Our sample of GNS(PF6) was developed for the removal of Pb(II) or Cd(II) ions from water, and the determined adsorption capacities are 406.6 mg/g (pH = 5.1) for Pb(II) and 73.42 mg/g (pH = 6.2) for Cd(II), which is much higher than that by our previous sample of GNS(C8P) and carbon nanotube. The adsorption processes reach equilibrium in just 40 min and the adsorption isotherms are described well by Langmuir and Freundlich classical isotherms models. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Properties, Agricultural Waste, Analysis, Aqueous-Solution, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Cd(II), Cd(II) Ions, Characterization, Electrolysis, Electron Microscopy, Epitaxial Graphene, Equilibrium, Force, Freundlich, Graphene, Graphite, Ions, Isotherms, Langmuir, Layer Graphene, Lead, Models, Nanoribbons, Nanotube, NOV, Pb(II), pH, Potassium, Potential, Raman, Raman Spectroscopy, Removal, Rights, Solution, Spectroscopy, Surface-Chemistry, Transmission, Transparent, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

? Pereira, L., Pereira, R., Pereira, M.F.R., van der Zee, F.P., Cervantes, F.J. and Alves, M.M. (2010), Thermal modification of activated carbon surface chemistry improves its capacity as redox mediator for azo dye reduction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 931-939.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 931.pdf

Abstract: The surface chemistry of a commercial AC (AC(0)) was selectively modified, without changing significantly its textural properties, by chemical oxidation with HNO3 (AC(HNO3),) and O-2 (AC(O2)), and thermal treatments under H-2 (AC(H2)) or N-2 (AC(N2)) flow. The effect of modified AC on anaerobic chemical dye reduction was assayed with sulphide at different pH values 5, 7 and 9. Four dyes were tested: Acid Orange 7, Reactive Red 2, Mordant Yellow 10 and Direct Blue 71. Batch experiments with low amounts of AC (0.1 g L-1) demonstrated an increase of the first-order reduction rate constants, up to 9-fold, as compared with assays without AC. Optimum rates were obtained at pH 5 except for MY10, higher at pH 7. In general, rates increased with increasing the pH of point zero charge (pH(pzc)), following the trend AC(HNO3) < ACO(2) < AC(0) < AC(N2) < AC(H2). The highest reduction rate was obtained for MY10 with AC(H2) at pH 7, which corresponded to the double, as compared with non-modified AC. in a biological system using granular biomass, AC(H2) also duplicated and increase 4.5-fold the decolourisation rates of MY10 and RR2, respectively. In this last experiment, reaction rate was independent of AC concentration in the tested range 0.1-0.6 g L-1. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Anaerobic Granular Sludge, Azo Dye, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Catalysts, Chemical Groups, Decolorization, Decolourisation, Degradation, Dye, Dyes, H-2, Oxidation, pH, Reactive Dyes, Redox Mediator, Reduction, System, Temperature, Textile Effluent, Trend

? Lee, Y.C., Shin, H.J., Ahn, Y., Shin, M.C., Lee, M. and Yang, J.W. (2010), Biodegradation of diesel by mixed bacteria immobilized onto a hybrid support of peat moss and additives: A batch experiment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 940-944.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 940.pdf

Abstract: We report microbial cell immobilization onto a hybrid support of peat moss for diesel biodegradation. Three strains isolated from a site contaminated with diesel oil were used in this study: Acinetobacter sp., Gordonia sp., and Rhodococcus sp. To increase not only diesel adsorption but also diesel biodegradation, additives such as zeolite, bentonite, chitosan, and alginate were tested. In this study, a peat moss, bentonite, and alginate (2/2.9/0.1 g, w/w/w) hybrid support (PBA) was the best support matrix, considering both diesel physical adsorption capacity and mixed microbial immobilization. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Bacteria, Batch, Biodegradation, Chitosan, Diesel Oil, Immobilization, Mixed Cultures, Peat, Peat Moss, Sorbent, Zeolite

? Alagumuthu, G., Veeraputhiran, V. and Rajan, M. (2010), Comments on “Fluoride removal from water using activated and MnO₂-coated Tamarind Fruit (Tamarindus indica) shell: Batch and column studies”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183 (1-3), 956-957.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat183, 956.pdf

Abstract: This response comments on the importance and advantage of employing constraint on isotherm and kinetic models, for the benefit of young scientific researchers. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Carbon, Elovich, Freundlich Constraints, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Pseudo-First Order, Removal, Researchers, Water

? Sureshkumar, M.K., Das, D., Mallia, M.B. and Gupta, P.C. (2010), Adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution using chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184 (1-3), 65-72.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat184, 65.pdf

Abstract: Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads were prepared using in-liquid curing method and used for the adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution. Beads were prepared at two different cross-linking densities by adjusting the pH of the tripolyphosphate solution. The synthesized beads were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy before and after adsorption of uranium. Beads having higher cross-linking are found to have better adsorption capacity for uranium. Factors that influence the uranium adsorption onto CTPP beads such as solution pH, contact time and initial uranium concentration were studied in detail. The experimental results were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. From Langmuir adsorption model the adsorption capacity of CTPP beads for uranium is estimated as 236.9 mg/g. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion model were applied to the observed kinetics data and the results shows that the pseudo-second order model is more suitable to explain the kinetics of adsorption of uranium on CTPP beads. FTIR spectroscopic characterization of the beads showed that the phosphate groups may be more responsible for the adsorption of uranium on CTPP beads. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Beads, Capacity, Characterization, Chitosan, Contact Time, Data, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Exchange, Freundlich, Freundlich Adsorption, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms, FTIR, FTIR Spectroscopy, Heavy-Metal, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption, Model, pH, Polyacrylamide, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Resin, Sorption, Tripolyphosphate, Uranium, Water

? Azouaou, N., Sadaoui, Z., Djaafri, A. and Mokaddem, H. (2010), Adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution onto untreated coffee grounds: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184 (1-3), 126-134.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat184, 126.pdf

Abstract: Adsorption can be used as a cost effective and efficient technique for the removal of toxic heavy metals from wastewater. Waste materials with no further treatment such as coffee grounds from cafeterias may act as adsorbents for the removal of cadmium. Batch kinetic and equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial pH, particle size, initial concentration of cadmium and temperature. Three adsorption isotherm models namely, Langmuir. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were used to analyse the equilibrium data. The Langmuir isotherm which provided the best correlation for Cd2+ adsorption onto coffee grounds, shows that the adsorption was favourable and the adsorption capacity found was equal to 15.65 mgg(-1). Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and the adsorption was exothermic. The equilibrium was achieved less than 120 min. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with first and second order kinetic models. Finally it was concluded that the cadmium adsorption kinetic onto coffee grounds was well fitted by second order kinetic model rather than first order model. The results suggest that coffee grounds have high possibility to be used as effective and economical adsorbent for Cd2+ removal. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetic, Biosorption Characteristics, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd(II), Cd2+, Contact Time, Cost, Cu(II), Data, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Electroplating Waste-Water, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Heavy Metals, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal-Ions, Metals, Model, Models, Ni(II), Olive Stone, Pb(II), pH, Possibility, Removal, Second-Order, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamic Study, Thermodynamics, Toxic, Treatment, Waste, Waste Materials, Wastewater

? Xu, B.B., Wu, F.C., Zhao, X.L. and Liao, H.Q. (2010), Benzotriazole removal from water by Zn-Al-O binary metal oxide adsorbent: Behavior, kinetics and mechanism. Journal of Hazardous Materials,