Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 502.pdf

Abstract: Cottonseed hull, a low-cost widely available agricultural waste in China, after used as substrate for the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation. Was tested for the removal of Neutral Red (NR), a cationic dye, from aqueous solution. A batch adsorption study was carried out with varied solution pH, adsorbent dosage, reaction time and initial NR concentration. The results show that the kinetics of dye removal by the spent cottonseed hull substrate (SCHS) is prompt in the first 5 min and the adsorption equilibrium can be attained after 240 min. The biosorption kinetics and equilibrium follow typical pseudo-second-order and Langmuir adsorption models. Thermodynamic parameters of ΔG(o), ΔH-o and ΔS-o show that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the characterization of possible dye-biosorbent interaction. This study provides a facile method to produce low-cost biosorbent for the purification of dye contaminated water. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cationic Dyes, Characterization, Dye, Dye Removal, Equilibrium, FTIR, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mechanism, Neutral Red, Peel, pH, Pleurotus Ostreatus, Removal, Spent Cottonseed Hull Substrate, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste

? Hu, Q.H., Meng, Y.Y., Sun, T.X., Mahmood, Q., Wu, D.L., Zhu, J.H. and Lu, G. (2011), Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption studies of dimethylamine (DMA) onto ion-exchange resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 677-681.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 677.pdf

Abstract: The fine grained resin ZGSPC106 was used to adsorb dimethylamine (DMA) from aqueous solution in the present research. Batch experiments were performed to examine the effects of initial pH of solution and agitation time on the adsorption process. The thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption were also analyzed. The maximum adsorption was found at natural pH of DMA solution and equilibrium could be attained within 12 min. The equilibrium adsorption data were conformed satisfactorily to the Langmuir equation. The evaluation based on Langmuir isotherm gave the maximal static saturated adsorption capacity of 138.89 mg/g at 293 K. Various thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔGº), enthalpy (ΔHº) and entropy (ΔSº) showed that the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and feasible. DMA adsorption on ZGSPC106 fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was discussed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Dimethylamine, FT-IR, Ion-Exchange Resin, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Mechanism, pH

? Kaushik, P. and Malik, A. (2011), Process optimization for efficient dye removal by Aspergillus lentulus FJ172995. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 837-843.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 837.pdf

Abstract: Response surface methodology involving three variables with five level second order central composite experimental design was employed to optimize conditions for maximum dye removal by Aspergillus lentulus FJ172995. The interaction between three variables; glucose, urea and initial dye concentration was studied and modeled for two responses: dye removal and biomass production. The results indicate that urea is the main factor influencing dye removal whereas glucose plays a major role in biomass production. Also, initial dye concentration has depreciative effect on dye removal thereby suggesting that for the treatment of effluent containing higher concentrations of dye, nutrient input should be increased. A high dye removal efficiency (99.97%) and high uptake capacity (97.54 mg/g) was obtained in 24 h using optimum process variables. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Alkali, Biomass, Bioreactor, Biosorption, Capacity, Decolorization, Decolourization, Design, Dye Concentration, Dye Removal, Experimental, Fungi, Glucose, Isolate, Methodology, Process Optimization, Removal, Response-Surface-Methodology, RSM, Treatment, Uptake, Urea

? Cheng, B., Le, Y., Cai, W.Q. and Yu, J.G. (2011), Synthesis of hierarchical Ni(OH)₂ and NiO nanosheets and their adsorption kinetics and isotherms to Congo red in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 889-897.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 889.pdf

Abstract: Ni(OH)(2) and NiO nanosheets with hierarchical porous structures were synthesized by a simple chemical precipitation method using nickel chloride as precursors and urea as precipitating agent. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. Adsorption of Congo red (CR) onto the as-prepared samples from aqueous solutions was investigated and discussed. The pore structure analyses indicate that Ni(OH)₂ and NiO nanosheets are composed of at least three levels of hierarchical porous organization: small mesopores (ca. 3-5 nm), large mesopores (ca. 10-50 nm) and macropores (100-500 nm). The equilibrium adsorption data of CR on the as-prepared samples were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, suggesting that the Langmuir model provides the better correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities for removal of CR was determined using the Langmuir equation and found to be 82.9, 151.7 and 39.7 mg/g for Ni(OH)₂ nanosheets, NiO nanosheets and NiO nanoparticles, respectively. Adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics equations. The results indicate that pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics. The as-prepared Ni(OH)₂ and NiO nanosheets are found to be effective adsorbents for the removal of Congo red pollutant from wastewater as a result of their unique hierarchical porous structures and high specific surface areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Dye Adsorption, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous-Solution, Chloride, Congo Red, Hierarchical Porous Structures, Hollow Microspheres, Kinetics, Langmuir, Macro-, Mesoporous Titania, Nanosheets, Ni(OH)₂, Nickel-Hydroxide, NiO, Photocatalytic Activity, Template-Free Fabrication, Thin-Films

? Chen, M., Shang, T., Fang, W. and Diao, G.W. (2011), Study on adsorption and desorption properties of the starch grafted p-tert-butyl-calix[n]arene for butyl Rhodamine B solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 914-921.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 914.pdf

Abstract: The adsorbents of starch grafted,p-tert-butyl-calix[4,6,8]arene-SGCn (SGC4, SGC6, SGC8) are prepared. The products are characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope. Static adsorption behavior is studied by using SGC8 as adsorbent, butyl Rhodamine B (BRB) solution as simulation dye wastewater. The adsorption of BRB onto SGC8 fits the second order kinetic model and the apparent adsorption rate constant is 0.002 g mg(-1) min(-1) at 25 degrees C. The equilibrium adsorption data are interpreted using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption of BRB onto SGC8 is better represented by the Langmuir equation. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption reaction are calculated through van’t Hoff analysis. The adsorbent may be easily regenerated by using ethanol solution as desorption agent to extract dye from SGC8. The rate of desorption of BRB is dependent on the concentration of ethanol and the temperature. SGC8 exhibits excellent adsorption and desorption properties toward dye molecule. The new-style adsorbent of SGC8 is regarded as a potential adsorbent to deal with dye or organic wastewater. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Rate, Analysis, Anionic Dye, Aqueous-Solutions, Azo-Dye, Behavior, Beta-Cyclodextrin Polymers, Butyl Rhodamine B, Concentration, Crown-Ethers, Data, Desorption, Dye, Dye Removal, Dye Wastewater, Equilibrium, Ethanol, Freundlich, FTIR, Grafted, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Model, Models, Moroccan Clay, Organic, P-Tert-Butyl-Calix[4,6,8]Arene, Potential, Rate Constant, Rhodamine B, Rhodamine-B, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, Simulation, Solution, Starch, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste-Water, Wastewater

? Zhu, H.S., Yang, X.J., Mao, Y.P., Chen, Y., Long, X.L. and Yuan, W.K. (2011), Adsorption of EDTA on activated carbon from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 951-957.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 951.pdf

Abstract: In this study, the adsorption of EDTA on activated carbon from aqueous solutions has been investigated in a batch stirred cell. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of temperature, EDTA concentration, pH, activated carbon mass and particle size on EDTA adsorption. The experimental results manifest that the EDTA adsorption rate increases with its concentration in the aqueous solutions. EDTA adsorption also increases with temperature. The EDTA removal from the solution increases as activated carbon mass increases. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models are found to provide a good fitting of the adsorption data, with R-2 = 0.9920 and 0.9982, respectively. The kinetic study shows that EDTA adsorption on the activated carbon is in good compliance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters (E-a, ΔG(0), ΔH-0, ΔS-0) obtained indicate the endothermic nature of EDTA adsorption on activated carbon. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Complexes, Edta, Intraparticle Diffusion, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, No, Oxides, pH, Simultaneous Absorption, SO₂

? Dizge, N. and Tansel, B. (2011), Multiparametric investigation of competitive and noncompetitive sorption characteristics of SMP fractions (carbohydrate and protein) on activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 996-1004.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 996.pdf

Abstract: Sorption characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMPs) as carbohydrate and protein on activated carbon were investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the sorption kinetics and the equilibrium conditions. The parameters studied included initial SMP concentration (50-200 mg/L), activated carbon dosage (0.25-50 g/L), contact time (0.02-4 h), particle size of activated carbon used (5-75 mu m, 75-850 mu m, and 850-1000 mu m), and presence of one or both SMP fractions. The equilibrium sorption of carbohydrate and protein were significantly affected by the presence of the second SMP fraction in the solutions. Adsorption isotherms were expressed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption rates under noncompetitive and competitive conditions were analyzed with kinetics-based Lagergren pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models; and diffusion-based external diffusion and Weber-Morris intraparticle models. Both SMP fractions were removed effectively, however, sorption of protein was significantly better than that of carbohydrate in all cases. The relatively significant effect of particle size on sorption of protein indicates that protein is most likely adsorbed as a single layer on the carbon surface. For the carbohydrate, the increase in particle size did not decrease the sorption significantly indicating that carbohydrate may be adsorbed in multiple layers or may diffuse into the porous matrix more effectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous-Solutions, Carbohydrate, Chromium(Vi), Competitive Adsorption, Kinetics, Langmuir, Membrane Bioreactor, Organic-Compounds, Protein, Removal, Sludge, Soluble Microbial Products, Soluble Microbial Products (SMPS), Sorption, Substances, Waste-Water

? Ma, Y.X., Shi, F.M., Zheng, X.L., Ma, J. and Gao, C.J. (2011), Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using granular acid-treated bentonite (GHB): Batch and column studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1073-1080.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1073.pdf

Abstract: Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using granular acid-treated bentonite (GHB) was studied by batch and column adsorption experiments. The results of the batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the maximum fluoride removal was obtained at pH of 4.95 and it took 40 min to attain equilibrium. Kinetics data fitted pseudo-second-order model. Batch adsorption data was better described by Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich isotherm models than Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption type of GHB was ion exchange. Column experiments were carried out at different influent fluoride concentrations and different flow rates. The capacities of the breakthrough and exhaustion points increased with the decrease of flow rate and the increase of initial fluoride concentration. The experimental results were well fitted with Thomas model. Exhausted GHB was regenerated by alkali/alum treatment. The total sorption capacity of GHB was increased after regeneration and activation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Anion-Exchange Membranes, Donnan Dialysis, Dubinin-Rasdushkevich (D-R) Equation, Fluoride Removal, Granular Acid-Treated Bentonite (GHB), Ion-Exchange, Kaolinite, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Montmorillonite, pH, Red Mud, Regeneration, Sorption, Thomas Model, Uranium, Waste-Water

? Lin, Y.F., Chen, H.W., Chien, P.S., Chiou, C.S. and Liu, C.C. (2011), Application of bifunctional magnetic adsorbent to adsorb metal cations and anionic dyes in aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1124-1130.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1124.pdf

Abstract: A magnetic adsorbent, amine-functionalized silica magnetite (NH₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄), has been synthesized to behave as an anionic or cationic adsorbent by adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution to make amino groups protonic or neutral. NH₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ were used to adsorb copper ions (metal cation) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5, anionic dye) in an aqueous solution in a batch system, and the maximum adsorption were found to occur at pH 5.5 and 3.0. respectively: The adsorption equilibrium data were all fitted the Langmuir isotherm equation reasonably well, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.41 mg g^-1 for copper ions and of 217 mg g^-1 for RB5. A pseudo-second-order model also could best describe the adsorption kinetics, and the derived activation energy for copper ions and RB5 were 26.92 kJ mol^-1 and 12.06 kJ mol^-1, respectively. The optimum conditions to desorb cationic and anionic adsorbates from NH₂/SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ were provided by a solution with 0.1 M HNO₃ for copper ions and with 0.05 M NaOH for RB5. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Amine, Chitosan, Coated Magnetite, Copper Ion, Dyes, Hydrogel Beads, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Magnetic Adsorbent, Mercury Ions, Nanoparticles, pH, RB5, Reactive Black 5, Removal, Silica, SiO₂, Transfer Radical Polymerization

? Badruddoza, A.Z.M., Tay, A.S.H., Tan, P.Y., Hidajat, K. and Uddin, M.S. (2011), Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin conjugated magnetic nanoparticles as nano-adsorbents for removal of copper ions: Synthesis and adsorption studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1177-1186.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1177.pdf

Abstract: A novel nano-adsorbent, carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (CMCD-MNPs) is fabricated for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by grafting CM-beta-CD onto the magnetite surface via carbodiimide method. The characteristics results of FTIR, TEM, TGA and XPS show that CM-beta-CD is grafted onto Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The grafted CM-beta-CD on the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles contributes to an enhancement of the adsorption capacity because of the strong abilities of the multiple hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in CM-beta-CD to adsorb metal ions. The adsorption of Cu²⁺ onto CMCD-MNPs is found to be dependent on pH and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 30 min and the adsorption kinetics of Cu²⁺ is found to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data for Cu²⁺ adsorption are fitted well by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺ ions is estimated to be 47.2 mg/g at 25º C. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters reveal the feasibility, spontaneity and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. FTIR and XPS reveal that Cu²⁺ adsorption onto CMCD-MNPs mainly involves the oxygen atoms in CM-beta-CD to form surface-complexes. In addition, the copper ions can be desorbed from CMCD-MNPs by citric acid solution with 96.2% desorption efficiency and the CMCD-MNPs exhibit good recyclability. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Carbon Nanotubes, Carboxymethyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin, Chitosan, Copper Adsorption, Cu(II), Equilibrium, Fe₃O₄, Heavy-Metals, Isotherms, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Organic-Compounds, pH, Water

? Parmar, K., Chongder, D., Bandyopadhya, N.R. and Bhattacharjee, S. (2011), Investigation on Cu(II) adsorption on cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CSPT) in aqueous medium. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1326-1331.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1326.pdf

Abstract: Cu(II) adsorption on cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CSPT) in aqueous medium has been reported. These tubes are porous with negative surface sites having isoelectric point (IEP) at pH 4.4. Cu(II) adsorption data follow Langmuir isotherm. CSFT has high Cu(II) loading capacity, which is a function of both Cu(II) concentration and CSFT weight. Adsorption bond energy obtained from Langmuir isotherm suggests a physisorption process. The adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Adsorption kinetics follows pseudo second order model with activation energy (15.4 kJ mol^-1) typical for physisorption process. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Cobalt Silicate Precipitation Tubes, Copper, Cu(II), Fly-Ash, Garden, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Nanostructures, pH, Removal, Sorption, Waste-Water

? Misra, R.K., Jain, S.K. and Khatri, P.K. (2011), Iminodiacetic acid functionalized cation exchange resin for adsorptive removal of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) from their aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1508-1512.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1508.pdf

Abstract: Iminodiacetic acid functionality has been introduced on styrene-divinyl benzene co-polymeric beads and characterized by FT-IR in order to develop weak acid based cation exchange resin. This resin was evaluated for the removal of different heavy metal ions namely Cd(II), Cr(VI). Ni(II) and Pb(II) from their aqueous solutions. The results showed greater affinity of resin towards Cr(VI) for which 99.7% removal achieved in optimal conditions following the order Ni(II) > Pb(II)> Cd(II) with 65%. 59% and 28% removal. Experiments were also directed towards kinetic studies of adsorption and found to follow first order reversible kinetic model with the overall rate constants 0.3250, 0.2393, 0.4290 and 0.2968 for Cr(VI), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal respectively. Detailed studies of Cr(VI) removal has been carried out to see the effect of pH, resin dose and metal ion concentration on adsorption and concluded that complexation enhanced the chromium removal efficacy of resin drastically, which is strongly pH dependent. The findings were also supported by the comparison of FT-IR spectra of neat resin with the chromium-adsorbed resin. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Carbon Nanotubes, Cation Exchange, Cation Exchange Resin, Cd(II), Chromium, Chromium Removal, Chromium(VI), Complexation, Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Removal, Efficacy, First Order, FTIR, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ion Removal, Heavy Metal Ions, Iminodiacetic Acid, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Metal, Metal Ion, Metal Ions, Model, Nickel, Pb(II), pH, Removal, Waste-Water

? Liu, H., Liu, W.F., Zhang, J.A., Zhang, C.L., Ren, L.A. and Li, Y. (2011), Removal of cephalexin from aqueous solutions by original and Cu(II)/Fe(III) impregnated activated carbons developed from lotus stalks: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185 (2-3), 1528-1535.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat185, 1528.pdf

Abstract: Lotus stalk activated carbon (AC) was produced by ultrasound digestion of lotus stalks in H₃PO₄. Copper nitrate and iron nitrate were used to impregnate AC, producing Cu(II)-impregnated AC (AC-Cu) and Fe(III)-impregnated AC (AC-Fe). The modified ACs were characterized by N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of cephalexin (CEX) in aqueous solution were studied for AC. AC-Cu and AC-Fe. The kinetics and equilibrium data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model for all three adsorbents. The results also showed that the adsorption capacities of AC-Cu and AC-Fe were larger than the capacity of AC and AC-Fe was found to be the most effective at the removal of CEX in solution. Furthermore, batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH (2.5-10.5), initial concentration of CEX (4-16 mg/L), ionic strength (10-1000 mM) on CEX removal. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption, Antibiotics, Aquatic Environment, Basic Dye, Cephalexin, Cephalosporins, Chemical Activation, Copper, Ionic Strength, Kinetics, Liquid, pH, Phosphoric-Acid, Ultrasound, Waste-Water

? Zhang, J.D., Shen, Z.M., Shan, W.P., Mei, Z.J. and Wang, W.H. (2011), Adsorption behavior of phosphate on lanthanum(III)-coordinated diamino-functionalized 3D hybrid mesoporous silicates material. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186 (1), 76-83.

Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat186, 76.pdf

Abstract: An inorganic/organic hybrid adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by introducing lanthanum (La) onto diamino modified MCM-41. The adsorbent was characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, TGA, and FTIR spectroscopy. A series of batch tests were conducted to investigate the influence of contact time, initial phosphate concentration, pH of the solution, and competitive ions on the phosphate adsorption capacity. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption equilibrium, and the results indicated that the Langmuir model fitted the experiment data better than the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model is 54.3 mg/g. For kinetic study, phosphate adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order equation well with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Optimum pH value for the removal of phosphate was between 3.0 and 7.0. The presence of Cl^- and NO₃^- has neglectable influence on the phosphate adsorption. F- and SO₄^2- have negative effects on the adsorption of phosphate. Phosphate on the spent adsorbent can be almost released by 0.01 M NaOH solution in 12 min. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Cyanobacteria, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Ions, Kinetic, Langmuir, Lanthanum, MCM-41, Nitrate Anions, Orthophosphate, pH, Phosphate, Phosphorus Removal, Sorbents, Sorption, Surface, Waste-Water

? Bhaumik, M., Leswifi, T.Y., Maity, A., Srinivasu, V.V. and Onyango, M.S. (2011), Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by polypyrrole/Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposite. Journal of Hazardous Materials,