Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 565.pdf

Abstract: Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature. An extensive nanotechnology/nanoscience-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) databases. The nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) was obtained using bibliometrics. A novel addition was the use of institution and country auto-correlation maps to show co-publishing networks among institutions and among countries, and the use of institution-phrase and country-phrase cross-correlation maps to show institution networks and country networks based on use of common terminology (proxy for common interests). The use of factor matrices quantified further the strength of the linkages among institutions and among countries, and validated the co-publishing networks shown graphically on the maps.

Keywords: Bibliometrics, Databases, Global, Institutions, Key, Metrics, Mining, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Networks, Proxy, Research, Science Citation Index, Source, Strength, T, Terminology

? Lucio-Arias, D. and Leydesdorff, L. (2007), Knowledge emergence in scientific communication: From ‘fullerenes’ to ‘nanotubes’. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 603-632.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 603.pdf

Abstract: This article explores the emergence of knowledge from scientific discoveries and their effects on the structure of scientific communication. Network analysis is applied to understand this emergence institutionally as changes in the journals, semantically as changes in the codification of meaning in terms of words, and cognitively as the new knowledge becomes the emergent foundation of further developments. The discovery of fullerenes in 1985 is analyzed as the scientific discovery that triggered a process which led to research in nanotubes.

Keywords: Algorithm, Analysis, Collaboration, Communication, Effects, Emergence, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Knowledge, Meaning, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Patterns, Research, Science, Structure

? Rafols, I. and Meyer, M. (2007), How cross-disciplinary is bionanotechnology? Explorations in the specialty of molecular motors. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 633-650.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 633.pdf

Abstract: Nanotechnology has been presented in the policy discourse as an intrinsically interdisciplinary field, requiring collaborations among researchers with different backgrounds, and specific funding schemes supporting knowledge-integration activities. Early bibliometric studies supported this interdisciplinary vision (MEYER & PERSSON, 1998), but recent results suggest that nanotechnology is (yet) a mixed bag with various mono-disciplinary subfields (SCHUMMER, 2004). We have reexamined the issue at the research project level, carrying out five case studies in molecular motors, a specialty of bionanotechnology. Relying both in data from interviews and bibliometric indicators, we have developed a multidimensional analysis (SANZ-MENENDEZ et al., 2001) in order to explore the extent and types of cross-disciplinary practices in each project. We have found that there is a consistent high degree of cross-disciplinarity in the cognitive practices of research (i.e., use of references and instrumentalities) but a more erratic and narrower degree in the social dimensions (i.e., affiliation and researchers’ background). This suggests that cross-disciplinarity is an eminently epistemic characteristic and that bibliometric indicators based on citations and references capture more accurately the generation of cross-disciplinary knowledge than approaches tracking co-authors’ disciplinary affiliations. In the light of these findings we raise the question whether policies focusing on formal collaborations between laboratories are the most appropriate to facilitate cross-disciplinary knowledge acquisition and generation.

Keywords: Analysis, Background, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Studies, Citations, Collaboration, Dynamics, Fields, Funding, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinary, Interviews, Knowledge, Knowledge Integration, Light, Multidimensional Analysis, Nanotechnology, Order, Patterns, Policy, Recent, Research, Science, Social, Technology, Tracking, Vision

? Braun, T., Zsindely, S., Diospatonyi, I. and Zador, E. (2007), Gatekeeping patterns in nano-titled journals. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 651-667.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 651.pdf

Abstract: Activities on nanoscale research have seen a skyrocketting growth beginning during the nineties. This can be documented by the birth of no less than 16 science journals dedicated entirely to this field of science. The topics of these journals reflect the true interdisciplinary character of nanoscale research. In this paper the decision-makers on what and when appears in those journals, the gatekeepers, i.e., the editorial members of those journals and their national identity are analyzed and some conclusions are drawn on the decisional power of the countries these gatekeepers are located in. It came out that although the United States is still the leading power in the nanoscale research field, the EU is strongly catching up and due to intensive efforts in this directions by some Far East countries as China and Japan but also of India, Asia is nearing and in some cases even overtaking the big powers.

Keywords: Asia, China, Collaboration, EU, Growth, Identity, India, Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinary, Japan, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Paper, Research, Science, United States

? Schummer, J. (2007), The global institutionalization of nanotechnology research: A bibliometric approach to the assessment of science policy. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 669-692.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 669.pdf

Abstract: Based on bibliometric methods, this paper describes the global institutionalization of nanotechnology research from the mid-1980s to 2006. Owing to an extremely strong dynamics, the institutionalization of nanotechnology is likely to surpass those of major disciplines in only a few years. A breakdown of the relative institutionalizations strengths by the main geographical regions, countries, research sectors, disciplines, and institutional types provides a very diverse picture over the time period because of different national science policies. The results allow a critical assessment of the different science policies based on the relative institutionalizations strengths as well as the conclusion that the institutionalization process has run out of control of individual governments who once induced the development.

Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, Breakdown, Control, Development, Dynamics, Global, Methods, Nanotechnology, Paper, Policy, Process, Research, Science, Science Policy, Science-Policy, Strengths

? Leydesdorff, L. and Zhou, P. (2007), Nanotechnology as a field of science: Its delineation in terms of journals and patents. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 693-713.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 693.pdf

Abstract: The Journal Citation Reports of the Science Citation Index 2004 were used to delineate a core set of nanotechnology journals and a nanotechnology-relevant set. In comparison with 2003, the core set has grown and the relevant set has decreased. This suggests a higher degree of codification in the field of nanotechnology: the field has become more focused in terms of citation practices. Using the citing patterns among journals at the aggregate level, a core group of ten nanotechnology journals in the vector space can be delineated on the criterion of betweenness centrality. National contributions to this core group of journals are evaluated for the years 2003, 2004, and 2005. Additionally, the specific class of nanotechnology patents in the database of the U. S. Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) is analyzed to determine if non-patent literature references can be used as a source for the delineation of the knowledge base in terms of scientific journals. The references are primarily to general science journals and letters, and therefore not specific enough for the purpose of delineating a journal set.

Keywords: Aggregate, Algorithm, Centrality, Core, Group, Indicators, Knowledge, Knowledge Base, Patterns, Science, Source, Technology, Trends

? Wong, P.K., Ho, Y.P. and Chan, C.K. (2007), Internationalization and evolution of application areas of an emerging technology: The case of nanotechnology. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 715-737.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 715.pdf

Abstract: Nanotechnology patenting has grown rapidly in recent years as an increasing number of countries are getting into the global nanotechnology race. Using a refined methodology to identify and classify nanotechnology patents, this paper analyses the changing pattern of internationalization of nanotechnology patenting activities from 1976-2004. We show that the dominance of the G5 countries have declined in recent years, not only in terms of quantity, but also in terms of quality as measured by citation indicators. In addition, using a new approach to classifying the intended areas of commercial applications, we show that nanotechnology patenting initially emphasized instrumentation, but exhibited greater diversification to other application areas in recent years. Significant differences in application area specialization are also found among major nanotechnology nations. Moreover, universities are found to play a significant and increasing role in patenting, particularly in US, UK and Canada.

Keywords: Applications, Canada, Collaboration, Country, Evolution, Field, Global, Indicators, Institution, Instrumentation, Interdisciplinarity, Methodology, Nanoscience, Paper, Patents, Patterns, Quality, Quantity, Race, Recent, Role, Science, UK, US

? Hullmann, A. (2007), Measuring and assessing the development of nanotechnology. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 739-758.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 739.pdf

Abstract: Nanotechnology merits having a major impact on the world economy because its applications will be used in virtually all sectors. Scientists, researchers, managers, investors and policy makers worldwide acknowledge this huge potential and have started the nano-race. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the state of the art of nanotechnology from an economic perspective, by presenting data on markets, funding, companies, patents and publications. It will also raise the question of how much of the nano-hype is founded on economic data and how much is based on wishful thinking. It focuses on a comparison between world regions, thereby concentrating on Europe and the European Union in relation to their main competitors - the United States and Japan and the emerging ‘nano-powers’ China and Russia.

Keywords: Applications, China, Development, Economic, Economy, Europe, European Union, Impact, Japan, Paper, Policy, Russia, Thinking, United States

? Kuusi, O. and Meyer, M. (2007), Anticipating technological breakthroughs: Using bibliographic coupling to explore the nanotubes paradigm. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 759-777.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 759.pdf

Abstract: There is general consensus that the field of nanotechnology will be very important in the future. An open question is, however, which technological approaches or paradigms will be important in the field. The paper assumes that the carbon nanotube will be a key element of an emerging technological paradigm in nanotechnology. This study employs a bibliometric method - bibliographic coupling - to identify important nanotubes-related ‘leitbilder’ - a concept meaning ‘guiding images’ that provide a basis for different professions and disciplines to work in the same direction. Until recently, bibliographic coupling has been applied rarely for purposes of research evaluation, not to mention technology foresight. Our case study seems to suggest that bibliographic coupling is particularly suitable for anticipating technological breakthroughs. Bibliographic coupling analysis of recent nanotube-related patents focused our attention to recent patents owned by Nantero Inc. Nantero’s main focus is the development of NRAM - a high-density nonvolatile random access memory. The NRAM leitbild seems to be an important emerging leitbild. It connects technical opportunities and promising applications relating to the memories in devices such as cell phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, as well as applications in networking arena.

Keywords: Access, Analysis, Applications, Attention, Bibliometric, Carbon, Carbon Nanotube, Case Study, Cocitation, Concept, Consensus, Coupling, Development, Documents, Evaluation, General, Indicators, Key, Meaning, Memory, Nanotechnology, Paper, Patents, Recent, Research, Research Evaluation, Science

? Meyer, M. (2007), What do we know about innovation in nanotechnology? Some propositions about an emerging field between hype and path-dependency. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 779-810.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 779.pdf

Abstract: This contribution formulates a number of propositions about the emergence of novel nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N). Seeking to complement recent work that aims to define a research agenda and draws on general insights from the innovation literature, this paper aims to synthesize knowledge from innovation-related studies of the N&N field. More specifically, it is suggested that N&N is often misconstrued as either a field of technology or an area of (broadly) converging technologies while evidence to date suggests rather that N&N be considered a set of inter-related and overlapping about not necessarily merging technologies. The role of instrumentation in connecting the various N&N fields is underlined. Finally, the question is raised whether change in N&N tends to be incremental rather than discontinuous, being the result of technological path-dependencies and lock-ins in industry-typical search regimes that are only slowly giving way to more boundary-crossing activities.

Keywords: Collaboration, Directions, Domains, Emergence, Exploration, Instrumentation, Interdisciplinarity, Knowledge, Nano-Science, Nanoscience, Paper, Patterns, Recent, Research, Role, Technical Change, Technology

? Heinze, T. and Bauer, G. (2007), Characterizing creative scientists in nano-S&T: Productivity, multidisciplinarity, and network brokerage in a longitudinal perspective. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 811-830.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 811.pdf

Abstract: While some believe that publication and citation scores are key predictors of breakthroughs in science, others claim that people who work at the intersection of scientific communities are more likely to be familiar with selecting and synthesizing alternatives into novel ideas. This paper contributes to this controversy by presenting a longitudinal comparison of highly creative scientists with equally productive researchers. The sample of creative scientists is identified by combining information on science awards and nominations by international peers covering research accomplishments in the mid-1990s. Results suggest that it is not only the sheer quantity of publications that causes scientists to produce creative pieces of work. Rather, their ability to effectively communicate with otherwise disconnected peers and to address a broader work spectrum also enhances their chances to be widely cited and to develop novel ideas.

Keywords: Communities, Information, Key, Longitudinal, Nanotechnology, Paper, Performance, Predictors, Quantity, Research, Science

? Robinson, D.K.R., Ruivenkamp, M. and Rip, A. (2007), Tracking the evolution of new and emerging S&T via statement-linkages: Vision assessment in molecular machines. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 831-858.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 831.pdf

Abstract: The past 10 years has seen an explosion of interest for the area of science and technology labelled ‘nanotechnology.’ Although at an early stage, nanotechnology is providing a space for the creation of new alliances and the forging of new ties in many actor arenas, initiated based on promises and high expectations of the fruits that could be harvested from development and investment into nanotechnology. Those trying to characterise the dynamics of emerging ties and networks within this field are faced with a number of complexities which are characteristic of the nanotechnology umbrella term, which covers many technologies, various mixes of disciplines and actors, and ongoing debates about definitions of fields and terminology. In this paper we explore an approach for capturing dynamics of emergence of a particular area of nanotechnology by investigating visions of possible futures in relation to molecular mechanical systems (molecular machines). The focus of this text is to outline an approach used to map and analyse visions in an emerging field by taking as the unit of analysis linkages made in statements in texts, and the agglomeration of linkages around certain nodes. Taking the linkage, rather than node, allows one to probe deeper into the dynamics of emergence at early stages when definitions and meanings of certain words/nodes are in flux and patterns of their use change dramatically over short periods of time. As part of a larger project on single and macromolecular machines we explore the dynamics of visions in the field of molecular machines with the eventual aim to elucidate the shaping strength of visions within nanotechnology.

Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Creation, Development, Dynamics, Economics, Emergence, Evolution, Expectations, Flux, Futures, Made, Motors, Paper, Science, Sociology, Technology, Terminology

? Bassecoulard, E., Lelu, A. and Zitt, M. (2007), Mapping nanosciences by citation flows: A preliminary analysis. Scientometrics, 70 (3), 859-880.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics70, 859.pdf

Abstract: This article presents a citation-based mapping exercise in the nanosciences field and a first sketch of citation transactions (a measure of cognitive dependences). Nanosciences are considered to be one of the ‘convergent’ components shaping the future of science and technology. Recurrent questions about the structure of the field concern its diversity and multi- or inter-disciplinarity. Observations made from various points of view confirm a strong differentiation of the field, which is scattered in multiple galaxies with moderate level of exchanges. The multi-disciplinarity of themes and super-themes detected by mapping also appears moderate, most of the super-themes being based on physics and chemistry in various proportions. Structural analysis of the list of references in articles suggests that the moderate multi-disciplinarity observed at the aggregate level partly stems from an actual inter-disciplinarity at the article level.

Keywords: Aggregate, Analysis, Cocitation, Collaboration, Differentiation, Diversity, Exercise, Flows, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Made, Mapping, Modern Science, Nanotechnology, Patterns, Science, Structure

? Bailón-Moreno, R., Jurado-Alameda, E., Ruiz-Baños, R., Courtial, J.P. and Jimenez-Contreras, E. (2007), The pulsing structure of science: Ortega y Gasset, Saint Matthew, fractality and transfractality. Scientometrics, 71 (1), 3-24.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics71, 3.pdf

Abstract: By a new fractal/transfractal geometry of the Unified Scientometric Model, it is possible to demonstrate that science presents an oscillating or pulsing dynamic. It goes alternatively through two types of phases. Some phases are fractal, with crystalline networks, where the Matthew effect clearly manifests itself with regard to the most notable actors and those that provide the best contributions. The other phases are transfractal, with deformed, amorphous networks, in which the actors, considered mediocre, present greater capacity to restructure the network than the more renowned actors. The result after any transfractal deformation is a new crystalline fractal network. Behind this vision lies the Kuhn paradigms. As examples, the scientific fields of surfactants and autism have been analysed.

Keywords: Amorphous, Autism, Capacity, Cocitations, Dynamic, Dynamics, Model, Networks, Science, Scientific Networks, Structure, Surfactants, Translation, Vision

? Kademani, B.S., Kumar, V., Surwase, G., Sagar, A., Mohan, L., Kumar, A. and Gaderao, C.R. (2007), Research and citation impact of publications by the chemistry division at bhabha atomic research centre. Scientometrics, 71 (1), 25-57.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics71, 25.pdf

Abstract: The paper analyses the citations to 1733 publications published during 1970-1999 by the Chemistry Division at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, using Science Citation Index 1982-2003 as the source data. The extent of citations received, in terms of the number of citations per paper, yearwise break up of citations, domainwise citations, self-citations and citations by others, diachronous self-citation rate, citing authors, citing institutions, highly cited papers, the categories of citing documents, citing journals and distribution of citations among them etc. are determined. During 1982-2003 chemistry Division publications have received a total of 11041 citations. The average number of citations per year was 501.86. The average number of citations per publication was 6.37. The highest number of citations received were 877 in 2001. The citation rate was peaked during 1990-2003 as maximum 9145 (82.82%) citations were received during the period. Total self-citations were 3716 (33.66%) and citations by others were 7325 (66.34%). Mean diachronous self-citation rate was 36.16. Citation time lag was zero for 144 (15.52%) papers and one year for 350 (37.72%) papers. Single authored publications (168) have received 456 (4.13%) citations and 1565 multi-authored publications have received 10585 (95.87%) citations. The core citing authors were: J. P. Mittal (695) followed by V. K. Jain (524), H. Mohan (471), T. Mukherjee (307), R. M Iyer (253), H. Pal (251), J. V. Yakhmi (211), A. V. Sapre (174), D. K. Palit (161), N. M. Gupta (128), and S. K. Kulshrestha (116). Citation life cycles of four highly cited papers was discussed. The core journals citing Chemistry Division publications were: J. Phys. Chem.-A (436 citations), Chem. Phys. Lett. (372), J. Phys. Chem. (355), J. Chem. Phys. (353), J. Organomet. Chem. (285), J. Phys. Chem.-B (279), J. Photochem. Photobiol.-A (263), Langmuir (245), J. Am. Chem. Soc. (226), Physica-C (225), Radiat. Phys. Chem. (217), Inorg. Chem. (215) and Indian J. Chem.-A (207).

Keywords: Academic-Institutions, Articles, Basic Research, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citations, Core, Distribution, Impact, Indicators, Institutions, Journals, Langmuir, Life, P, Paper, Performance, Publication, Publications, Quality, Rate, Research, Science Citation Index, Scientific Productivity, Source, Time Lag, Time-Lag, Uncitedness, University Departments

? Royle, J., Coles, L., Williams, D. and Evans, P. (2007), Publishing in international journals - An examination of trends in Chinese co-authorship. Scientometrics, 71 (1), 59-86.

Full Text: 2007\Scientometrics71, 59.pdf

Abstract: This paper examines patterns of Chinese authorship, focusing particularly on international co-authorship, in a sample of 37,526 articles from Elsevier journals published in 2004. Trends relating to potential influences such as subject, journal impact factor and article type are explored. A slightly higher proportion of articles with at least one Chinese author was observed as compared to previous studies. Articles that are a product of Chinese international collaboration account for almost 20% of the Chinese sample as a whole, a similar proportion to levels of international collaboration within the sample overall. Chinese international co-authorship is most common in the Earth & Environmental Sciences. Where China is involved in international collaboration, it is often a proactive participant: 49% of articles that are a result of Chinese international collaboration have a Chinese corresponding author. With some minor variations in subject categories, countries favoured in international co-authorship reflect world shares in publishing and factors such as geographical proximity and political links.

Keywords: Articles, Authorship, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedical-Research, China, Chinese, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Cooperation, Examination, Impact, Impact Factor, International Collaboration, Journal, Journals, Levels, Molecular-Biology, Networks, Paper, Publication, Publishing, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Trends

? Calero, C., Van Leeuwen, T.N. and Tijssen, R.J.W. (2007), Research cooperation within the bio-pharmaceutical industry: Network analyses of co-publications within and between firms. Scientometrics,