Title: Soil & Sediment Contamination

Title: Soil & Sediment Contamination

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ISSN: 1532-0383

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: Impact Factor

? Yu, D.Y., Bae, W., Kang, N.G., Banks, M.K. and Choi, C.H. (2005), Characterization of gaseous ozone decomposition in soil. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 14 (3), 231-247.

Full Text: 2005\Soi Sed Con14, 231.pdf

Abstract: Laboratory scale batch experiments were performed to investigate the decomposition characteristics of gaseous ozone in porous media. The decomposition rates of gaseous ozone in several solid media were determined, and the relationship of moisture content with sorbed ozone molecules was evaluated. Ozone decomposition in control and glass beads packed columns followed second-order reaction kinetics, while ozone consumption in a sand-packed column demonstrated first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0109 min^-1 and half-life of 1.0 h. The presence of typical metal oxides in the soil resulted in ozone consumption rates in the following order: hematite (Fe₂O₃) >, silica-alumina (SiO₂Al₂O₃) >, alumina (Al₂O₃) >, silica (SiO₂). Ozone decomposition was highly dependent upon soil moisture content. Over 90% of the total ozone mass decomposed in the field soil with moisture content at less than 1 wt%, whereas as low as 5-15% of the total ozone mass degraded with moisture content at more than 2 wt%. In conclusion, ozone decomposition in soils was primarily controlled not only by soil organic matter but also by reactive metal oxides on the soil surface. These two factors were shown to be highly dependent upon soil moisture content.

Keywords: Adsorption, Contamination, Decomposition, Metal Oxides, Ozone, Soil, Organic Vapors, Gas-Phase, Humidity, Sorption, Temperature, Adsorption, Ozonation, Mechanism, Catalyst

? Pakshirajan, K. and Swaminathan, T. (2006), Continuous biosoirption of Pb, Cu, and Cd by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a packed column reactor. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 15 (2), 187-197.

Full Text: 2006\Soi Sed Con15, 187.pdf

Abstract: The dynamic removal of lead, copper and cadmium in a single component system by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in packed columns. The packed columns consisted of biomass of P. chrysosporium immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes. The performances of packed columns were described through the concept of breakthrough and the values of column parameters predicted as a function of bed depth. The column biosorption data were evaluated in terms of maximum (equilibrium) capacity of the column, the amount of metal loading and the yield of the process. The maximum capacities for lead, copper and cadmium were 70.7, 43.7 and 70.8 mg, respectively, and their yields were 39.2, 40.6 and 41%, respectively. The kinetic and mass transfer aspects of the dynamic removal of the three metals were studied using three mathematical models commonly used to describe the column performance in adsorption processes. Column studies showed good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated breakthrough curves obtained with Adams-Bohart or the Wolborska model and the Clark model. While the initial segment of the breakthrough curve was defined by the Adams-Bohart and Wolborska models, the whole breakthrough curve was well predicted by the Clark model for all the three metals studied.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Breakthrough Curves, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd, Column, Column Biosorption, Column Studies, Copper, Cu, Data, Depth, Dynamic, Dynamic Removal, Equilibrium, Experimental, Foam, Function, Heavy Metals, Immobilized, Ions, Kinetic, Lead, Loading, Mass, Mass Transfer, Mathematical Models, Metal, Metal Loading, Metals, Model, Models, P, Packed Column, Packed Column Reactor, Pb, Performance, Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Polyurethane, Polyurethane Foam, Process, Removal, Simulated, Transfer, Values

? Rodriguez-Cruz, M.S., Sanchez-Martin, M.J., Andrades, M.S. and Sanchez-Camazano, M. (2006), Comparison of pesticide sorption by physicochemically modified soils with natural soils as a function of soil properties and pesticide hydrophobicity. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 15 (4), 401-415.

Full Text: 2006\Soi Sed Con15, 401.pdf

Abstract: The objectives of this paper were to determine the efficiency of physicochemically modified soils with a surfactant in the sorption of pesticides, the stability against washing of the pesticides sorbed, and the effective sorption capacity of surfactant adsorbed by soils as a function of pesticide hydrophobicity and soil characteristics. Five soils of different characteristics and five pesticides (penconazole, linuron, alachlor atrazine and metalaxyl) with different Kow values were selected and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA) was chosen as model of cationic surfactants. Sorption-desorption isotherms were obtained and constants Kf and Kfd for natural soils (from Freundlich equation) and K and Kd for ODTMA-soils (from linear equation) were determined. Sorption on ODTMA-soils was higher than on natural soils. K increased 27-165 times for penconazole, 22-77 times for linuron, 7-14 times for alachlor 9-23 times for atrazine, and 21-333 times for metalaxyl in relation to Kf Sorption coefficients normalized to 100% of total organic matter (TOM) from organo soils K-OM (K 100/%TOM), were always higher than those from natural soils Kf(OM) (Kf 100/%OM), indicating that the organic matter (OM) derived from the ODTMA (OMODTMA) had a greater sorption capacity than the OM of the natural soil. K-OM values were also higher than the Kow (octanol/water distribution coefficient) value for each pesticide. The similarity of the high K-OM values for the sorption of each pesticide by the five soils and the linearity of isotherms point to a partitioning of the pesticides between surfactant and water The use in this work of different soils and various pesticides, unusual in this type of investigation, allowed us to obtain equations to know the sorbed amount of a given pesticide by the surfactant-modified soils as a function of the OM content derived from the cation and the Kow of the pesticide. The results obtained are of interest when it becomes necessary to increase the sorption capacity of soils with low OM contents with a view to delaying pesticide mobility in soils from pollution point sources (high concentration in small area), and preventing the pollution of waters.

Keywords: Adsorption, Atrazine, Capacity, Cationic Surfactant, Concentration, Degradation, Desorption, Desorption, Distribution, Distribution Coefficient, Efficiency, Freundlich, Herbicides, Hydrophobicity, Isotherms, Matter, Metalaxyl, Mobility, Model, Modified, Modified Soils, Natural, Organic, Organic Matter, Organic-Compounds, Organoclays, Paper, Partitioning, Penconazole, Pesticide, Pesticides, Pollution, Properties, Soil, Soil Properties, Soils, Sorbed, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sources, Stability, Surfactant, Surfactants, Vineyard Soils, Washing, Water, Water Pollution

? Adhami, E., Salmanpour, A., Omidi, A., Khosravi, N., Ghasemi-Fasaei, R. and Maftoun, M. (2008), Nickel adsorption characteristics of selected soils as related to some soil properties. Soil & Sediment Contamination, 17 (6), 643-653.

Full Text: 2008\Soi Sed Con17, 643.pdf

Abstract: There is little information on Nickel (Ni) adsorption by calcareous soils of Iran. The pattern of Ni retention and its relationships with soil properties in soils from the southern part of Iran (SSI) and northern part of Iran (SNI) was studied. Amount of Ni adsorption was calculated after the equilibration of 1 g soil samples in duplicate with 25 mL of 0.01 M CaCl₂ solution containing 10 to 1000 mg Ni L^-1. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were fitted to Ni adsorption data. The fits to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson adsorption models were closer than other isotherms. The intercept of Freundlich equation (A(F)) and maximum buffering capacity of Langmuir (b(L)X(m)) was significantly correlated with clay in SSI whereas in SNI it was related to pH and organic matter (OM). Adsorption maxima (X-m) of Langmuir isotherm was correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) in both groups of soils. Variation of Redlich-Peterson constants (a(RP) and k(RP)) in SSI was due to combined effects of CEC, acid oxalate extractable Fe (Fe-o) and OM while they did not show significant relationship with soil properties in SNI. It appeared that clay, CEC, OM and pH are the main factors regulating Ni retention in the soils studied while calcium carbonate equivalent does not significantly affect Ni retention.

Keywords: Cation Exchange Capacity, pH, Organic Matter, Calcium Carbonate Equivalent, Calcareous Soils, Chemical Properties, Sorption, Retention, Isotherm, Copper, Lead, Iran, pH