Title: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

Title: Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

ISO Abbreviated Title: Solvent Extr. Ion Exch.

JCR Abbreviated Title: Solvent Extr Ion Exch

ISSN: 0736-6299

Issues/Year: 6

Journal Country United States

Language: English

Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc

Publisher Address: 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Subject Categories:

Chemistry: Impact Factor 0.788, 51/121

Ansted, J.P. and MacCarthy, P. (1984), Removal of heavy metal ions from solution by chemically modified peat: Effects of pH, ionic strength and flow rate. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2, 1105-1122.

Smith, C.M., Navratil, J.D. and MacCarthy, P. (1984), Removal of actinides from radioactive wastewaters by chemically modified peat. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2 (7-8), 1123-1149.

Aparicio, J., Valiente, M. and Muhammed, M. (1985), Extraction kinetics of hydrochloric-acid by trilaurylamine at different ionic strengths. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 3 (4), 485-499.

? Berrueta, J., Freije, J.M., Adrio, G. and Coca, J. (1990), Synergistic effect in the extraction of phenol from aqueous-solutions with mixtures of n-butylacetate and acetophenone. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 8 (6), 817-825.

Abstract: Equilibrium data are reported for the extraction of phenol at 288, 293 and 298 K with n-butyl acetate (NBA), acetophenone (AP) and mixtures of NBA + AP and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIK) + AP. A synergistic behaviour is observed for the system phenol-water-(NBA/AP). Several equations have been used to correlate the experimental data: van’t Hoff, Redlich-Kister and other polynomial equations. Reported data were compared with those available in the literature.

? Cortina, J.L. and Miralles, N. (1997), Kinetic studies on heavy metal ions removal by impregnated resins containing di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 15 (6), 1067-1083.

Full Text: 1997\Sol Ext Ion Exc16, 1067.pdf

Abstract: Kinetics measurements on the extraction of divalent metal ions (Zn, Cu and Cd) with impregnated resins prepared by adsorption of di(2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (DTMPPA=HL) onto a macroporous polymeric support of Amberlite XAD2 were made. The extraction process is accompanied by fast chemical reaction and is characterized by a sharp moving boundary between the reacted shell and the shrinking unreacted core within the impregnated resin. Analyses of the respective rate data in accordance with two theoretical models used to explain the metal extraction kinetics showed that process is controlled by the rate of diffusion of the ions penetrating the reacted layer at high metal ion concentration (1×10^-2 mol.L^-1) and controlled by the rate of diffusion of the ions across the liquid film surrounding the resin particle at low metal ion concentration (1×10^-4 mol.L^-1). Particle diffusion coefficients and mass transfer constants across the liquid film were determined from the graphical representation of the proposed models.

Keywords: Distribution Equilibria, Solvent-Extraction, Phosphoric-Acid, Separation, Cu(II), Exchange, Zn(II), Cd(II)

Abbasi, W.A. and Streat, M. (1998), Sorption of uranium from nitric acid solution using TBP-impregnated activated carbons. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 16 (5), 1303-1320.

Full Text: 1998\Sol Ext Ion Exc16, 1303.pdf

Abstract: The concept of extraction chromatography has been used to study the sorption of uranium from nitric acid solutions using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) impregnated activated carbons. Batch equilibrium data and kinetic and breakthrough column behaviour of uranium are reported. Wood based activated carbon has shown better capacity and breakthrough characteristics than shell based activated carbon. Sorption rate on impregnated carbons was relatively slow indicating that diffusion is the rate controlling step within the pore structure of the activated carbon. Uranium distribution on impregnated activated carbons is compared with equivalent bulk liquid extraction and a mechansim of uranium sorption is discussed.

Keywords: Extraction Chromatography, Phosphate, Recovery, Waste

Bouvier, C., Cote, G., Cierpiszewski, R. and Szymanowski, J. (1998), Influence of salting-out effects, temperature and the chemical structure of the extractant on the rate of copper(II) extraction from chloride media with dialkyl pyridine dicarboxylates. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 16 (6), 1465-1492.

Full Text: 1998\Sol Ext Ion Exc16, 1465.pdf

Abstract: The kinetics of copper(II) extraction from chloride solutions with ACORGA CLX-50 and three model dipentyl pyridine dicarboxylates having ester groups at various positions in the pyridine ring is investigated. It is shown that the extraction occurs in a diffusional regime and that both the ionic strength and temperature have a strong effect on the rate of copper extraction. Basically, the initial rate of copper extraction (denoted hereafter J(o)) increases as the ionic strength is increased, whereas J(o) increases or decreases versus temperature depending on the ionic strength. Such phenomena are explained in terms of salting-out effects and diffusion properties. Furthermore, ACORGA CLX-50 is shown to exhibit a good kinetic performance compared to the three model dipentyl pyridine dicarboxylates.

Keywords: Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phosphoric Acid, Iron(III), Kinetics, Esters

? Petruzzelli, D., Pagano, M., Tiravanti, G. and Passino, R. (1999), Lead removal and recovery from battery wastewaters by natural zeolite clinoptilolite. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 17 (3), 677-694.

Full Text: 1999\Sol Ext Ion Exc17, 677.pdf

Abstract: Technical feasibility of an ion exchange process for removal and recovery of lead present in battery manufacturing wastewaters is demonstrated. In absence of aluminium and ferric species, lead is quantitatively removed and recovered (approximate to 90%) from the neutralised wastewaters after elution on the natural zeolite clinoptilolite. Control of pH to 5.5-6 is necessary to minimise degradation of the exchanger material. Throughput volumes exceeding 2, 700 bed volumes (BV) (flowrate: F-exh= 10 BV/h) is obtained, when the initial Pb concentration is 4 mg/L, with the metal leakage steadily below the maximum allowable concentration (MAC<0.2 mgPb/L) set by the EU for discharge in rivers, lakes, coastal seawater. Regeneration of the zeolite is carried out by controlled elution of limited amounts of 1M NaCl, pH 4.5 (40BV, F-reg=5 BV/h) to minimize in situ precipitation of metals and preserve the zeolite from degradation. From spent regeneration eluate lead is recovered to the battery manufacturing operations. This latter operation is carried-out by precipitation in the form of hydroxycerussite (basic lead carbonate) or electrolysis as pure metal. In this way it is minimized the environmental impact after waste disposal (no hazardous waste formation) and, at the same time, it is recovered raw materials to the productive lines of origin (environmental protection and resource conservation). The exhausted mother liquors from lead precipitation operation is recycled to the subsequent zeolite regeneration step, after back-up of the initial regenerant concentration and solution pH.

Keywords: Ion-Exchange, Heavy-Metals, Sludge, Water

Saha, B., Iglesias, M., Cumming, I.W. and Streat, M. (2000), Sorption of trace heavy metals by thiol containing chelating resins. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 18 (1), 133-167.

Full Text: 2000\Sol Ext Ion Exc18, 133.pdf

Abstract: The sorption of copper, cadmium, nickel and zinc ions on thiol (-SH) based chelating polymeric resins (thiomethyl resin and Duolite GT-73) has been investigated. The physical and chemical characterisation of these polymers in the form of scanning electron micrographs (SEM), BET and Langmuir surface area measurements, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, atomic composition measurement, sodium capacity determination and zeta potential measurements have been conducted to assess their performance as sorbents for trace toxic metal removal. Density functional theory (DFT) has been used to analyse the pore size distribution data. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution on these sorbents has been studied in batch equilibrium experiments. The influence of pH on metal adsorption capacity has also been examined. The kinetic performance of these polymers has been assessed and the results have been analysed by a pore diffusion model. The resins have been used in mini-columns to study the selectivity towards the desired metal ion. The desorption of metal ions has been studied using hydrochloric acid (1 M and 4 M), sulphuric acid (1 M and 4 M) and acidified thiourea. The present study confirms that these thiol based chelating resins are very effective for selective removal of trace heavy metals from Water.

Keywords: Ion-Exchange Resin, Phosphoric-Acid Solutions, Dilute Aqueous-Solutions, Copper, Adsorption, Separation, Removal, Recovery, Polymers

? Mendoza, R.N., Medina, T.I.S., Vera, A., Rodriguez, M.A. and Guibal, E. (2000), Study of the sorption of Cr(III) with XAD-2 resin impregnated with di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272). Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 18 (2), 319-343.

Full Text: 2000\Sol Ext Ion Exc18, 319.pdf

Abstract: Solvent impregnated resin containing Cyanex 272 (di-(2,4,4- trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, denoted HL) was prepared by adsorption of the organophosphorus extractant into the polymeric macroporous support Amberlite XAD-2. The extraction of Cr(III) from nitrate solution at 0.1 ionic strength by the impregnated resin has been studied at 25°C. The sorption of the metal ion was studied as a function of both pH and extractant concentration in the resin phase. The impregnated resin shows good affinity towards the extraction of Cr(III). The best sorption efficiency (98%) was obtained at pH approximate to 5. A thermodynamic model is proposed for modeling the distribution data. This model shows that Cr(III) is extracted as Cr(OH)(HL)₂(NO₃)₂ and Cr(OH)L^-2. The elution of the metal from the resin was accomplished (95%) with 6.0 M HCl. The elution treatment allows the impregnated resin to be reused.

Keywords: Adsorption, Chitosan, Equilibrium, Extraction, Ions, Iron(III), Metal Ion, Metals, Separation, Sorption

? Vincent, T. and Guibal, E. (2000), Non-dispersive liquid extraction of Cr(VI) by TBP/Aliquat 336 using chitosan-made hollow fiber. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 18 (6), 1241-1260.

Full Text: 2000\Sol Ext Ion Exc18, 1241.pdf

Abstract: TBP and alkylammonium extractants were investigated for chromate removal from dilute solutions using chitosan-made hollow fibers. Chromate is adsorbed by the chitosan fiber and simultaneously desorbed by the extractant. The influence of chromate concentration, extractant concentration, extractant volume on relative concentration decrease were investigated as a function of time. These experimental parameters barely influenced the decrease in the relative concentration. Fiber length is more significant in the control of the extraction kinetics. In recirculation flow mode, the relative concentration can be well described as an exponential function of time. The kinetic constant varies as a linear function of fiber length. Amine extractants (Aliquat 336, Alamine 336, Amberlite LA-2) are better extractants than TBP both from the kinetics and equilibrium standpoints. With Aliquat 336 the final Cr(VI) concentration tends to zero, while with TBP, the equilibrium is controlled by the volume of the extractant

Keywords: Back-Extraction, Equilibrium, Hexavalent Chromium, Membrane, Metal-Ions, Nondispersive Extraction, Recovery, Removal, Sorption, Stability

? Ruiz, M., Sastre, A. and Guibal, E. (2003), Osmium and iridium sorption on chitosan derivatives. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 21 (2), 307-329.

Full Text: S\Sol Ext Ion Exc21, 307.pdf

Abstract: Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan exhibits a great affinity for osmium at pH 2: the sorption capacity can reach up to 3 mmol Os g^-1 and the initial slope of the isotherm curve confirms that strong interactions exist between the biopolymer and osmium ions. In the case of iridium sorption, the affinity and the maximum sorption capacities are considerably lower than the levels we reached with osmium. The modification of the sorbent by grafting new amine groups [poly(ethyleneimine)] allows the sorption capacities to be increased while the grafting of thiourea did not significantly change sorption capacities. At the low sorbent dosage used in this study more than 90% of the total sorption was reached within the first six hours of contact. However, in the case of iridium after 12 hours of contact a significant release of metal is observed, it confirms that the interactions of the polymer with iridium are significantly weaker than those established between chitosan and osmium ions. Rhodium, rhenium, ruthenium are not significantly adsorbed indicating that a kind of sorption selectivity may be expected in the uptake of osmium, iridium but also platinum and palladium against rhodium, ruthenium, and rhenium.

Keywords: Chitosan, Osmium, Iridium, Sorption Isotherms, Uptake Kinetics, Desorption, Highly Porous Chitosan, Platinum-Group-Metals, Chemically-Modified Chitosan, Cross-Linked Chitosan, Gel Beads, Diffusion Properties, Palladium Sorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Chloride Media, Adsorption

? Zhang, A.Y., Wei, Y.Z. and Kumagai, M. (2003), Properties and mechanism of molybdenum and zirconium adsorption by a macroporous silica-based extraction resin in the MAREC process. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 21 (4), 591-611.

Full Text: S\Sol Ext Ion Exc21, 591.pdf

Abstract: To achieve effective separation of molybdenum and zirconium in the MAREC process, the adsorption properties and mechanism of Mo(VI) and Zr(IV) with a macroporous CMPO/SiO₂-P (CMPO: octyl(phenyl)N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide) extraction resin have been studied. By investigating the influence of the aqueous concentrations of H+ and NO₃^- on the adsorption of Mo(VI), the composition of complex of Mo(VI) and CMPO/SiO₂-P is determined as H₂MoO₄.2CMPO/SiO₂-P for dilute aqueous HNO3 and H₂MoO₃ (NO₃) ₂.2CMPO/SiO₂-P for concentrated aqueous HNO₃, respectively. Similarly, the composition of Zr(IV) and CMPO/SiO₂-P is determined as ZrO(NO₃) ₂.2CMPO/SiO₂-P or Zr(NO₂)₄(.) 2CMPO/SiO₂-P in 0.3-4.0 M HNO₃, while ZrO₂.2H₂O.2CMPO/SiO₂-P is assumed for lower HNO₃ concentration. Based on the compositions of Mo(VI) and Zr(IV) with CMPO/SiO₂-P and the elution behavior of Mo(VI) and Zr(IV) by using 0.05 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at 0.01-1.OM HNO₃, a dynamic interconversion equilibrium between the complexes of Mo(VI) or Zr(lV) and CMPO/SiO₂-P is demonstrated to take place in the elution process. To verify the adsorption mechanism, the adsorption and elution behavior of Mo(VI) and Zr(IV) with 0.05 M DTPA-pH 2.0 was performed from a simulated high level radioactive liquid waste (HLLW) containing Pd(II), Gd(III), Y(III), Eu(III), Sm(III), Mo(VI), and Zr(IV). The results indicate that Mo(VI) and Zr(IV) not only can be efficiently eluted with 0.05 M DTPA-pH 2.0, but also the elution efficiency is much better than that of 0.5 M H₂C₂O4 previously used in the MAREC process. The reverse equilibrium of complexes between Mo(VI) or Zr(IV) and CMPO/SiO₂-P in high and low acidity was demonstrated, respectively.

Keywords: Molybdenum, Zirconium, Cmpo Extraction Resin, Adsorption, Radioactive Liquid Waste, MAREC Process, Octyl(Phenyl)-N,N-Diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine Oxide, Radiolytic Degradation, Solvent-Extraction, Fission-Products, Separation, Actinides, Cmpo, Chromatography, Constants, Behavior

? Luo, F., Li, D.Q. and Wu, Y.L. (2004), Extraction and separation of cadmium(II), iron(III), zinc(II), and europium(III) by Cyanex302 solutions using hollow fiber membrane modules. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 22 (1), 105-120.

Full Text: S\Sol Ext Ion Exc22, 105.pdf

Abstract: The mass transfer behaviors of Cd(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), and Eu(III) in sulfuric acid solution using microporous hollow fiber membrane (HFM) containing bis(2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (commercial name Cyanex302) were investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that the values of the mass transfer coefficients (K-w) decreased with an increase of H⁺ concentration and increased with an increase of extractant Cyanex302 concentration. The mass transfer resistance of Eu³⁺ was the largest because K-w value of Eu³⁺ was the smallest. The order of mass transfer rate of metal ions at low pH was Cd > Zn > Fe > Eu. Mixtures of Zn²⁺ and Eu³⁺ or of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were well separated in a counter-current circulation experiment using two modules connected in series at different initial acidity and concentration ratio. These results indicate that a hollow fiber membrane extractor is capable of separating the mixture compounds by controlling the acidity of the aqueous solution and by exploiting different mass transfer kinetics. The interfacial activity of Cyanex302 in sulfuric acid solution was measured and interfacial parameters were obtained according to Gibbs adsorption equation.

Keywords: Cadmium(II), Iron(III), Zinc(II), Europium(III), Hollow Fiber Membrane, Cyanex302, Liquid-Liquid-Extraction, Solvent-Extraction, Mass-Transfer, Cyanex-302, Copper, Cobalt(II), Samarium, Toluene, Acids, Media

? Valderrama, C., Cortina, J.L., Farran, A., Marti, V., Gamisans, X. and de las Heras, F.X. (2008), Characterization of azo dye (Acid Red 14) removal with granular activated carbon: Equilibrium and kinetic data. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 26 (3), 271-288.

Full Text: 2008\Sol Ext Ion Exc26, 271.pdf

Abstract: The work describes the sorption of an azo dye (Acid red 14) from aqueous solution onto Granular activated carbon (GAC) in order to characterize the sorption properties. Batch experiments were performed to determine loading isotherms at different pH values and evaluate the effect of the surface functional groups of the sorbent and the dye acid-base properties. The loading equilibrium data were modelled with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The maximum dye sorption capacity of GAC was determined as 31 g kg-1 at neutral and basic pH values. Kinetic experiments were carried out at different pH values and Acid Red 44 (AR14) concentrations. Three theoretical models (Pseudo first, pseudosecond order reaction models, and the Elovich model) were used to describe the dye sorption kinetics. The sorption rate constants were determined by graphical analysis of the proposed models. The study showed that sorption followed a pseudo-first order reaction model although the pseudo- second order reaction model provides an acceptable description of the sorption process.

Keywords: Acid Red 14, Activated Carbon, Adsorbents, Adsorption Behavior, Analysis, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Azo Dye, Capacity, Carbon, Diffusion-Model, Dye, Dye Removal, Elovich Model, Equilibrium, Experiments, First, Freundlich, GAC, Granular Activated Carbon, Graphical Analysis, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Parameter, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Models, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Rate Constants, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Process, Surface Functional Groups, Systems, Waste, Water, Work

? Martínez-Lladó, X., de Pablo, J., Giménez, J., Ayora, C., Martí, V. and Rovira, M. (2008), Sorption of antimony(V) onto synthetic goethite in carbonate medium. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 26 (3), 289-300.

Full Text: 2008\Sol Ext Ion Exc26, 289.pdf

Abstract: The sorption kinetics of antimony(V) on synthetic goethite is very fast compared to the sorption of other metals on goethite (e.g. arsenic and selenium) and depends on temperature, with an activation energy of 499 kJ . mol-1 in the temperature range 15-35°C. Sorption isotherms have been developed at different temperatures and ionic strength values. The results have been modelled using a Langmuir isotherm and there is not a considerable influence of neither the temperature in the range studied (15°C-35°C), nor the ionic strength (between 0.001 and 0.01 mol . dm-3). Sorption is very high at pH values lower than 8, at more alkaline pH, the sorption decreases with pH, as expected considering the Antimony(V) predominating complex in solution, Sb(OH)₆^-. Triple-layer model successfully describes the data obtained by assuming a bidentate edge-shaiing surface complex of antimonate on the surface of goethite.

Keywords: Antimony, Sorption, Goethite, Surface Complexation Model, Humic-Acid, Soils, Oxides, Hematite, Waste

? Campos, K., Vincent, T., Bunio, P., Trochimczuk, A. and Guibal, E. (2008), Gold recovery from HCl solutions using Cyphos IL-101 (a quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid) immobilized in biopolymer capsules. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 26 (5), 570-601.

Full Text: 2008\Sol Ext Ion Exc26, 570.pdf

Abstract: Tetraalkyl phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL-101), an ionic liquid (IL), was tested for gold recovery from HCl solutions: first in liquid/liquid extraction systems (using toluene and hexane as solvent) and in a second step, after being immobilized in a biopolymer composite matrix. SEM-EDAX analysis was used for the characterization of the resins. The sorption capacity reached up to 140 mgAu(III)g^-1 in 1M HCl solutions. Base metals that do not form anionic chlorocomplexes and nitrate or chloride ions (at 5 gL^-1) did not interfere with Au(III) binding. Gold binding probably occurs through the interaction of R3R’P+ with AuCl₄^-. The kinetics of sorption was carried out varying agitation speed, metal concentration, IL content, and resin drying. Intraparticle diffusion played an important role on the control of sorption kinetics. Gold could be desorbed from the loaded IL-impregnated resin using thiourea (in HCl solutions). The resin could be re-used for at least 4 cycles. The resins are specially adapted for the recovery of gold from low metal concentrations.

Keywords: Gold, Phosphonium Ionic Liquid, Sorption Isotherms, Diffusion, Desorption, Enclosing Cyanex-302 Extractant, Triisobutyl Phosphine Sulfide, Atomic Emission-Spectrometry, Process Waste Effluents, Printed Wiring Boards, Selective Recovery, Solvent-Extraction, Exchange-Resins, Piperazine Functionality, Palladium Recovery

? Kumaresan, R., Sabharwal, K.N., Srinivasan, T.G., Rao, P.R.V. and Dhekane, G. (2008), Studies on the sorption of palladium using cross-linked poly (4-vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene) resins in nitric acid medium. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 26 (5), 643-671.

Full Text: 2008\Sol Ext Ion Exc26, 643.pdf

Abstract: Various cross-linked (4, 8, and 12%) gel-type weak-base poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) resins were studied for palladium recovery from nitric acid medium. The sorption of palladium was found to decrease with an increase in cross-linkage of the resin. 8 and 12% PVP resins exhibited maximum D Pd(II) values at 2-6M HNO₃, whereas 4% PVP resin showed maximum D Pd(II) values at lower acidities (0.1M HNO₃). FT-IR, SEM, and XPS techniques were used for the characterization of palladium-loaded resins. Detailed studies were carried out with the resin of modest cross-linkage i.e., 8% PVP resin. The sorption isotherm studies revealed that the maximum palladium loading approaches the theoretical capacity of the resin, presuming the sorption of palladium as divalent anion at 4M HNO₃. The pseudo-second order kinetics model yielded the best fit for the experimental data of sorption kinetics. An increase in temperature accelerates the rate of palladium extraction and also the addition of chloride ions increases the palladium uptake. Column studies were performed using 4 and 8% PVP resins in 2 and 4M nitric acid concentrations. The loaded palladium could be eluted efficiently with acidic thiourea solution.

Keywords: Anion-Exchange Resin, Capacity, Characterization, Chloride, Column, Complexes, Cross-Linked, Data, Experimental, Extraction, Fission Products, FT-IR, FTIR, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Loading, Model, Nitrate, Palladium, Palladium Recovery, Pd(II), Platinum, Poly(4-Vinylpyridine) Resins, Precious Metals, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Ray Photoelectron-Spectroscopy, Recovery, Removal, Resin, Resins, SEM, Separation, Solution, Solvent-Extraction, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Kinetics, Techniques, Temperature, Uptake, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS

? Sun, Y.W., Wang, Y.J., Yang, L., Lu, Y.C. and Luo, G.S. (2008), Heavy metal ion sorption properties of porous glass beads with a core-shell structure. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 26 (5), 672-685.

Full Text: 2008\Sol Ext Ion Exc26, 672.pdf

Abstract: Porous glass beads with a core-shell structure have been successfully prepared through subcritical water treatment. The product has high capacity and fast mass transfer property due to its structure, and may serve as an inorganic adsorbent. Accordingly, the kinetics, the equilibrium isotherm, and the column breakthrough curve of this material were measured using Cu(II) as a model target ion. The results indicate that the material has an advantage over some other adsorbents, such as kaolinite and clinoptilolite, in both adsorption capacity and kinetics. The adsorption capacity for Cu(II) is almost twice as much as that of the Na-mordenite. The pseudo-second order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm fit the experimental data. An adsorption mechanism was hypothesized in which the non-bridging oxygen ions in the glass network were hypothesized to be the functional site.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorptive Removal, Ambient Conditions, Beads, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Capacity, Clinoptilolite, Column, Core Shell Structure, Core-Shell, Core-Shell Structure, Cu(II), Data, Desulfurization, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Exchange, Experimental, Glass, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ion, Hydrothermal Treatment, Ion Exchange, Isotherm, Kaolinite, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Metal, Model, Network, Oxygen, Porous Glass, Property, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Silica-Gel, Site, Sorption, Structure, Subcritical Water Treatment, Support, Tert-Butanethiol, Treatment, Water, Water Treatment, Zeolite

? Wołowicz, A. and Hubicki, Z. (2010), Selective adsorption of Palladium(II) complexes onto the chelating ion exchange resin Dowex M 4195-kinetic studies. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 28 (1), 124-159.

Full Text: 2010\Sol Ext Ion Exc28, 124.pdf

Abstract: The chelating ion exchange resin - Dowex M 4195 was used in palladium(II) complexes adsorption from the acidic solutions. This study discusses the sorption kinetics, and more specifically the interparticle diffusion behavior of palladium(II) onto Dowex M 4195. The adsorption studies were used to determine the amount of palladium(II) complexes uptake (resin loading), the distribution coefficients, and the recovery efficiency of Pd(II) complexes. The influence of the agitation speed, the beads size (mean radius of swollen particles), the palladium concentrations, as well as acid concentrations (ionic strength of solutions), the macrocomponent addition (sodium chloride), and the phases contact time was also discussed. Moreover, the effect of temperature was taken into account during the determination of the isotherms. The experimental data obtained at 100 mu g/cm(3) Pd(II) initial concentration were applied to the kinetic models, and the sorption parameters as well as the normal standard deviation were calculated. Moreover, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin-Pyzhev isotherm models were applied and the isotherms parameters were calculated.

Keywords: Adsorption, Agitation, Aqueous-Solution, Base Metals, Beads, Behavior, Chelating Ion Exchange Resin, Chitosan Derivatives, Chloride, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Distribution, Efficiency, Experimental, Freundlich, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Resin, Ion-Exchange, Ionic Strength, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Loading, Metal-Ions, Methylene-Blue, Models, Normal, Palladium, Palladium(II), Particles, Pd(II), Platinum, Preconcentration, Recovery, Resin, Separation, Size, Sodium, Sodium Chloride, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Standard, Strength, Temperature, Time, Uptake

? Zhang, A.Y., Xiao, C.L., Hu, Q.H. and Chai, Z.F. (2010), Synthesis of a novel macroporous silica-calix[4]arene-crown supramolecular recognition material and its adsorption for cesium and some typical metals in highly active liquid waste. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 28 (4), 526-542.

Full Text: 2010\Sol Ext Ion Exc28, 526.pdf

Abstract: A novel macroporous silica-based 25,27-bis(iso-propyloxy)calix[4]arene-26,28-crown-6 (BiPCalix[4]C6) supramolecular recognition material, BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P, was synthesized. It was prepared by impregnation and the immobilization of the BiPCalix[4]C6 molecule into the pores of the macroporous SiO₂-P particles. The adsorption of Cs(I) and some typical elements Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Ru(III), Mo(VI), La(III), and Y(III) onto the BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P material was investigated. The effects of the HNO₃ concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of the tested metals were studied. It was found that at the optimum concentration of 3.0 M HNO₃, BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P exhibited excellent adsorption ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) over all the tested elements, which showed weak or almost no adsorption except Rb(I). A pseudo-second-order model was found to be able to describe the adsorption kinetics of Cs(I). The chemical complexation of Cs(I) with BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P was considered to be the rate-controlling step. Meanwhile, the thermodynamic parameters of the Cs(I) adsorption, H, G, and S were determined. The adsorption of Cs(I) onto BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P was exothermic. It was demonstrated that in 3.0 M HNO₃, the novel macroporous BiPCalix[4]C6/SiO₂-P material shows promise for the partitioning of Cs(I) from highly active liquid waste.

Keywords: 1,3-Alternate, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Cesium, Chemical, Complexation, Concentration, Crown, Exothermic, Extraction Chromatographic Resin, Highly Active, Highly Active Liquid Waste, Immobilization, Impregnated Polymeric Composite, Impregnation, Kinetics, Liquid, Macroporous, Macroporous Silica-Based Support, Metals, Model, N-Butyl Phosphate, Particles, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Selectivity, Separation, Solvent-Extraction, Sorption, Strontium, Supramolecular Recognition Material, Synthesis, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste

? Wawrzkiewicz, M. (2010), Application of weak base anion exchanger in sorption of tartrazine from aqueous medium. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 28 (6), 845-863.

Full Text: 2010\Sol Ext Ion Exc28, 845.pdf

Abstract: Decolorization of wastewaters containing dyes is a worldwide problem for which diverse technologies have been applied. In this study, the removal of tartrazine dye from aqueous solutions by the weak base anion exchanger Amberlite FPA51 was investigated as a function of phase contact time, anion exchanger particle size, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The amounts of tartrazine adsorbed at equilibrium were found to be 9.9, 19.9, 29.9, and 49.7 mg/g for the dye solutions of the initial concentrations 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/L, respectively. The maximum monolayer capacity Q₀ calculated from the Langmuir equation was 140.8 mg/g. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were modelled using the pseudo-first order and the pseudo-second order equations. The intraparticle diffusion model as well as the Boyd equation were applied to identify the rate controlling step of the adsorption.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Anion Exchanger, Aqueous Solutions, Capacity, Concentration, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dye, Dyes, Equilibrium, Function, Hazardous Dye, Indigo Carmine Dye, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Malachite-Green, Model, Monolayer, Particle Size, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Removal, Rice Husk, Size, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Tartrazine, Technologies, Temperature, Waste Materials, Wastewaters