Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics32, 227.pdf

Abstract: Simple quantitative indices of pair-wise journal citation relatedness (based on the numbers of references given to and received from a journal title, which are provided by Science Citation Index database) are translated by an automatic clustering procedure into a meaningful map diagram reflecting topical relatedness of journals within a field of science. Such a map for 60 journals in marine and freshwater biology and related sciences published in 1987 reveals a tight cluster of marine biology journals quite distinct from the freshwater biology journal cluster and from the fisheries cluster. The journals within the marine biology cluster and those with strongest pair-wise links with them can be regarded as the core journals in marine biology. Indices of unilateral citation relatedness are used to obtain diagrams, which we term citograms. The citograms visualize patterns of citation relatedness of a journal (its citing and being cited). Journal self-citation can be meaningfully estimated using the bilateral index of relatedness. Self-citation is high in specialized or regional journal titles. It also appears to be quire substantial in journals of broader scope, which possibly reflect authors’ subjective preferences.

Keywords: Biology, Citation, Clustering, Database, Freshwater, Journal, Journals, Science, Science Citation Index, Sciences, Self-Citation, Topical

Notes: CCountry, Notes: TTopic

Liu, J.M. and Shu, S.Z. (1995), Statistical analysis of astronomical papers of China during 1986-1990. Scientometrics, 32 (3), 237-245.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics32, 237.pdf

Abstract: We present the distribution of astronomical papers published by Chinese authors in 1986 - 1990 across the various subfields of astronomy, the total number of papers produced by each observatory or university during the five years, and the ranking of the observatories by productivity. Our main data base includes 24 journals: 9 foreign ones published in English, 10 Chinese national ones, and 5 Chinese observatory publications. About 70 journals published by Chinese universities have also been consulted. This data base covers up to 90% of all astronomical papers published during this period.

Keywords: China, Chinese, Data Base, Journals, Papers, Publications, Ranking, Universities, University

? Duplenko, Y. and Burchinsky, S. (1995), Computer-aided clustering of citation networks as a tool of mapping of research trends in biomedicine. Scientometrics, 32 (3), 247-258

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics32, 247.pdf

Abstract: The use of the cluster analysis in scientometrics is dealt with. The ways of developing citation networks and mapping research field with the help of this method are also presented. The methodology of computer-aided cluster analysis of citation is described which allows to map the structure of a research field and to identify main tendencies of its development.

Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Cluster Analysis, Development, Methodology, Research, Science, Scientometrics, Structure

? Michalos, A.C. (1995), Prices and impact factors of interdisciplinary social-science journals. Scientometrics, 32 (3), 259-261.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics32, 259.pdf

Abstract: An examination of the relationships between journal impact factors and individual subscription prices of interdisciplinary social science journals revealed a very small and statistically nonsignificant negative association.

Keywords: Association, Examination, Impact Factors, Interdisciplinary, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, Journals, Science, Science Journals, Small

? Schubert, A. (1995), Quantitative Studies of Science in the 80S - Indexes to Current Bibliographies 1-17. Scientometrics, 32 (3), 263-367

Full Text: Scientometrics32, 263.pdf

Godin, B., Barker, R.S. and Landry, R. (1995), Besides academic publications: Which sectors compete, or are there competitors. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 3-12.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 3.pdf

Abstract: Since its beginning thirty years ago, bibliometrics has mainly studied academic publications. More often, the Science Citation Index (SCI) is treated as a whole, without breakdown of papers by sectors (university, government, industry). However, between 15% and 30% of the SCI publications comes from other sectors than university. We present the first bibliometric analysis of papers broken down by sectors. The data have been used to test the following hypothesis: the share of papers by sectors other than university is increasing, while university’s share is decreasing. The hypothesis is tested for Quebec over the period 1980-1990. It appears that it is true that the share of papers by sectors other than university is increasing. and this is so at a rate greater than that of university’s growth. Quebec’s university sector has decreased its share of papers over the ten-year period from 89.2% to 85.1%. However, university remains the top sector in terms of papers and remains the main partner of each sector in terms of cosignatures.

Keywords: Analysis, Basic Research, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, First, Growth, Innovation, International Scientific Collaboration, Linkage, Papers, Publications, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Sector, Technology, University

Pichappan, P. (1995), A dual refinement of journal self-citation measures. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 13-21.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 13.pdf

Abstract: Journal self-citation is one of the crucial bibliometric indicators, which measures the contribution of a journal towards a speciality. Journal self-citation rate is normalised by adapting a two stage refinement. The normalised self-citing rates are compared with external cited rate to know the self and external influence of journals

Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Self, Self-Citation

? Campanario, J.M. (1995), Using neural networks to study networks of scientific journals. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 23-40.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 23.pdf

Abstract: In this paper a new,approach to study science dynamics is introduced. This approach is based in the use of Kohonen preserving topology maps, a kind of neural network. Four data set consisting in cross-citation matrix are studied using this approach. Relations maps and domains maps are computed for these data sets and interrelationships among journals are studied. This approach allow to stude both, hierarchical journal structure in a given time and evolution of relations among journals in a given time lag.

Keywords: Co-Citations, Dynamics, Evolution, Journal, Journals, Network, Neural Network, Relations, Science, Science-Citation-Index, Structure, Topology-Conserving Maps

? Suraud, M.G., Quoniam, L., Rostaing, H. and Dou, H. (1995), On the significance of data-bases keywords for a large-scale bibliometric investigation in fundamental physics. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 41-63.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 41.pdf

Abstract: We present an automatized bibliometric investigation applied to the field of fundamental research in physics. We briefly describe the scientific context motivating this study and the statistical method used for analyzing the data. We discuss in more detail how we adapted our investigation to the questions motivating this study, namely the identification of relevant groups working in a well defined subfield of physics. We next present the results of our investigation. We particularly focus on an analysis of Index and Free terms, as obtained from the INSPEC data base we used for performing the bibliometric investigation. We discuss the relevance of Index and Free terms by means of a separation between ‘Noise’, ‘Interesting’ and ‘Trivial’ entries. We show that Index and Free terms exhibit somewhat different behaviors when considered as distributions in terms of frequencies of occurrence in the references. We show the particular relevance of Free terms in this analysis. This may be connected to the emerging nature of the subfield of physics under consideration. This shed an interesting light on the respective importance of Index and Free terms, as entries of data bases, in particular in the case of rapidly evolving scientific domains.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Investigation, Data Base, Identification, Investigation, Relevance, Research, Separation

Lau, T.Y. (1995), Chinese communication studies: A citation analysis of Chinese communication research in English-language journals. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 65-91.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 65.pdf

Abstract: The study employs citation analysis method to identify the disciplines and active research areas in communication studies on communication systems in China. Moreover, the study seeks to contribute to the methodological issues of citation analysis by including new variables in the analysis. Using Chinese communication research in 11 Chinese/Asian studies journals and 13 journalism/communication journals published in English since 1931, the study found that there were little exchanges between Chinese studies and communication scholars. However, the study showed that by including two variables - theme of articles and academic affiliation of authors, the findings can more accurate demonstrate the relationship between the research activities and disciplines cited.

Keywords: Affiliation, Analysis, China, Chinese, Citation, Citation Analysis, Communication, Journals, Networks, Research, Social-Sciences

Notes: JJournal

Tijssen, R.J.W. and Van Leeuwen, Th.N. (1995), On generalising scientometric journal mapping beyond ISI’s journal and citation databases. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 93-116.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 93.pdf

Abstract: This article presents results of a study on the applicability of journal mapping of knowledge domains beyond the databases produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). The utility and validity of this generalisation is discussed with an emphasis on its added value in comparison to ‘traditional’ ISI-based journal maps, i.e. those restricted to (predominantly English-language) ISI-covered journals, and journal-to-journal citation data retrieved from ISI’s Journal Citation Reports. The mapping methodology was applied to Manufacturing technology and management - a multidisciplinary domain situated on the interface of science and technology. The International Journal of Production Economics was singled out as a special case for the validation study of the maps. Results of this study, involving several subject experts, indicate that a journal content-based map was not only far superior to the journal citation map, but also outperformed the map derived from the combination of both types of data. The selection of periodicals from other databases such as COMPENDEX produced a substantial number of additional titles of which only half were also covered by ISI.

Keywords: Citation, Comparison, Institute For Scientific Information, ISI, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Knowledge, Knowledge Domains, Management, Methodology, Multidisciplinary, Periodicals, Science, Science and Technology, Technology, Utility, Validation, Validity

Herbertz, H. (1995), Does it pay to cooperate: A bibliometric case-study in molecular-biology. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 117-122.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 117.pdf

Abstract: Various bibliometric studies report that multiinstitutional or multinational authored papers are more frequently cited than papers that come from a single institute. The conclusion, however, that there is a systematic improvement of scientific success by cooperation on every level of scientific research in leading or mediocre research institutes might be misleading: In a citation analysis of 13 well-known research institutes in molecular biology there was no difference in the average citations per paper with regard to cooperations. In a subsample of 7 German institutes that difference found could be explained by selfcitations. In another case, all articles of a two year sample of an excellent journal in molecular biology, the EMBO- Journal, the same phenomenon could be observed: Differences in the average citations per article with regard to cooperations could be explained by selfcitations

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Biology, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Cooperation, Journal, Molecular Biology, Papers, Research, Scientific Cooperation, Scientific Research

Notes: TTopic

Yamazaki, S. (1995), Refereeing system of 29 life science journals preferred by Japanese scientists. Scientometrics, 33 (1), 123-129.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 123.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to study the referee systems of foreign scientific journals in the field of life sciences preferred by Japanese researchers. This survey has been conducted in response to the need of Japanese authors for current information about the refereeing systems of foreign life science journals. Based on questionnaire data obtained from 29 journal editors, this paper describes the refereeing systems. This survey showed that most Japanese researchers in the field of life sciences tried to submit their papers to prestigious foreign journals with a higher rejection rate. There was a high correlation between the rejection rate and the impact factor in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Keywords: Biochemistry, Biology, Impact Factor, Information, Journal, Journal Editors, Journals, Life, Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Papers, Questionnaire, Science, Science Journals, Sciences, Scientific Journals, Survey

Braun, T., Brocken, M., Glänzel, W., Rinia, E. and Schubert, A. (1995), Hyphenation of databases in building scientometric indicators: Physics briefs - SCI Based indicators of 13 European countries, 1980-1989. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 131-148.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 131.pdf

Notes: TTopic

Miquel, J.F., Ojasoo, T., Okubo, Y., Paul, A. and Doré, J.C. (1995), World science in 18 disciplinary areas: Comparative evaluation of the publication patterns of 48 countries over the period 1981-1992. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 149-167.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 149.pdf

Abstract: In order to be able to develop indicators that can measure the scientific and technological productivity of a nation, it is helpful to have at one’s command a prior purely descriptive global overview of how various nations stand with respect to each other with regard to world science, i.e., to dispose of a framework for the elaboration of future quantitative studies.

ISI has recently made available a highly comprehensive multidisciplinary database (over 6 million bibliometric entries from 1981 to 1992) that is founded on top-echelon journals and that can form the basis of such a framework. We have in the present study defined a publication pattern per nation that reflects its interest and potential in 18 disciplines and compared the publication patterns of 48 nations by descriptive multivariate analysis, i.e., by measuring the distance between nations in the n-dimensional system. Proximity is a sign of similarity, distance of diversity. Three multivariate methods of distance measurement were used: a hierarchical classification, the distance of each nation from the centre of gravity of the system calculated by χ²-metrics (typicality of behaviour), a bi-plot of the χ²-distances of 46 countries with respect to two reference countries that highlights clusters of nations with similar behaviour.

The resultant plots are open to interpretation by experts. We conclude that three factors, geographical proximity, culture, and economic development are the principal determinants of the publication patterns of nations.

Keywords: Analysis, Behaviour, Bibliometric, Citation, Classification, Culture, Database, Development, Economic Development, Framework, Indicators, ISI, Journals, Measurement, Methods, Multidisciplinary, Nations, Potential, Publication, Science, Similarity, Subfields

? Nagpaul, P.S. (1995), Quasi-quantitative measures of research performance: An assessment of construct-validity and reliability. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 169-185.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 169.pdf

Abstract: This paper argues that research performance is essentially a multidimensional concept which cannot be encapsulated into a single universal criterion. Various indicators used in quantitative studies on research performance at micro or meso-levels can be classified into two broad categories: (i) objective or quantitative indicators (e.g. counts of publications, patents, algorithms or other artifacts of research output) and (II) subjective or qualitative indicators which represent evaluative judgement of peers, usually measured on Likert or semantic differential scales. Because of their weak measurement properties, subjective indicators can also be designated as quasi-quantitative measures. This paper is concerned with the factorial structure and construct validity of quasi-quantitative measures of research performance used in a large-scale empirical study carried out in India. In this study, a reflective measurement model incorporating four latent variables (R and D effectiveness, Recognition, User-oriented effectiveness and Administrative effectiveness) is assumed. The latent variables are operationalized through thirteen indicators measured on 5-point semantic differential scales. Convergent validity, discriminant validity and reliability of the measurement model are tested through LISREL procedure.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Error, Fit, Goodness, India, Indicators, Measurement, Model, Patents, Publications, Qualitative, Reliability, Research, Research Performance, Structure, Validity

Gupta, B.M., Sharma, L. and Karisiddappa, C. R. (1995), Modelling the growth of papers in a scientific specialty. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 187-201.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 187.pdf

Abstract: A growth model of the journal literature is proposed and applied to the growth of the literature of theoretical population genetics (1850-1980).

Keywords: Modeling

? Thomas, P.R. (1995), Size effects in the assessment of discipline-contribution scores: An example from the social-sciences. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 203-220.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 203.pdf

Abstract: Pichappan’s formulation of the Discipline-Contribution Score (DCS) in the identification of core disciplinary journals is applied to social science literature. Modifications are made to Pichappan’s method to cater for problems associated with low citation counts. Further analysis is undertaken to verify Pichappan’s claims concerning the size-independent nature of the DCS score. The proposed modified formulation of the DCS calculation facilitates research into small research fields, and those characterised by low citation rates. The modified equation is tested on business and management literature.

Keywords: Analysis, Business, Citation, Citation Counts, Identification, Journals, Literature, Management, Research, Science, Small

Romanov, A.K. and Terekhov, A.I. (1995), The mathematical modelling of the scientific personnel movement taking into account the productivity factor. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 221-231.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 221.pdf

Abstract: An approach to the dynamic optimization of the age structure of scientific personnel in an organization is presented. The appropriate mathematical model describing the age rotation of scientific workers is formulated and the criterion for maximizing the integral productivity of available scientific personnel over given time horizon is introduced. The criterion is constructed by using such scientometric instrument as the ‘curves of age productivity’. The practical application of suggested approach is demonstrated by means of real example.

Keywords: Mathematical Model, Model, Optimization, Personnel, Scientometric, Structure

Kalyane, V.L. and Munnolli, S.S. (1995), Scientometric portrait of West, T.S. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 233-256.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 233.pdf

Abstract: T. S. West, the internationally well known analytical chemist has been widely recognised as a very successful scientist. His research productivity and collaboration pattern were analysed by years, papers, authorships, and authorwise productivity. The channels of communications used and distribution of articles among channels were found out. He has 410 papers to his credit. The period 1969-70 when he was 42-43 years age was most productive with 41 papers in 1969 and seven single authorship papers in 1970. Quienquennial collaboration coefficients ranged between 0.57 to 1.00, clearly indicating high collaboration team spirit in his research group. His productivity coefficient was 0.45 indicating rapid publication activity during early period of research career. His most prominent collaborators in number of papers were: R. M. Dagnall (92), G. F. Kirkbright (77), R. Belcher (56), K. C. Thompson (19), J. D. Norris (13), and J. F. Alder (11). Top ranking journals, with papers, to which he had contributed were: Anal. Chim. Acta (106), Talanta (84), The Analyst (49), Anal. Chem. (23), and J. Chem. Sec. (20). Publication density was 8.54, publication concentration was 6.25, and average Bradford multiplier was 3.9. High frequency keywords in the titles of the articles were: Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (51), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (43), and Atomic absorption spectrometry (31). The results indicate his temporal publication productivity and the nature of the research activities were such that he is eminently qualified to be taken as a ‘role model’ for the younger generation to emulate.

Keywords: Absorption, Analytical-Chemistry, Authorship, Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Communication, Communications, Generation, Journals, Model, Papers, Publication, Publication Activity, Ranking, Research, Research Productivity, Science, Spectroscopy

Burton, M.P. (1995), The use of citations matrices to group journals. Scientometrics, 33 (2), 257-262.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 257.pdf

Abstract: A method of grouping journals within a wide discipline area into clusters is proposed, based on a algorithm that attempts to re-order a citations matrix so that it is block diagonal, or block recursive. The algorithm is based on a penalty function which allows one to account for the level of citation, not just the distribution of citations between journals. A case study involving eight economics journals is presented which illustrates the principles involved, but which also highlights the computational problems associated with extending the analysis to larger numbers of journals.

Keywords: Algorithm, Analysis, Case Study, Citation, Citations, Economics, Function, Journals, Principles

Notes: TTopic

Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Grupp, H. (1995), The scientometric weight of 50 nations in 27 science areas, 1989-1993. Part I. All fields combined, mathematics, engineering, chemistry and physics. Scientometrics, 33 (3), 263-293.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 263.pdf

Keywords: Citation Impact, Datafiles, Publication Output, Relative Indicators

? Raina, D., Gupta, B.M. and Kandhari, R. (1995), Collaboration in Indian physics: A case-study of the macro and micro parametrization of sub-disciplines (1800-1950). Scientometrics, 33 (3), 295-314.

Full Text: 1995\Scientometrics33, 295.pdf

Abstract: The decade beginning 1920 is an important watershed in the history of physics in modern India. This is evident from the bibliometric data available on the publications in physics between 1800 and 1950. The paper studies the evolution of collaboration in four subdisciplines of physics during this period. In order to do so, two sets of measures of research collaboration have been employed. The collaboration index and collaboration coefficient have been calculated for the sub-disciplines. As far as the micro-parametrization of the discipline is concerned, collaboration measures developed by Egghe are obtained for the research careers of four leading Indian physicists, who were responsible for the institutionalization of physics research in India. In the present case the role of individuals responsible for the institutionalization of physics research is seen to be germane to the explosion of the number of publications in the 1920s. At the conjucture of the history of science and scientometrics, it is evident how the former can endow the latter with a modality of explanation, further, it is evident how scientometrics can inform the efforts of historians of science.

Keywords: Bibliometric, Careers, Collaboration, Evolution, Explanation, Explosion, History, History of Science, India, Publications, Research, Research Collaboration, Science, Scientometrics

? Karki, M.M.S. and Garg, K.C. (1995), Industrial-research in India as viewed through research and industry. Scientometrics,