Personal Research Database

Full Text: S\Scientometrics56, 417.pdf

Abstract: A survey of linguistic dimensions of Web site hosting and interlinking of the universities of sixteen European countries is described. The results show that English is the dominant language both for linking pages and for all pages. In a typical country approximately half the pages were in English and half in one or more national languages. Normalised interlinking patterns showed three trends: 1) international interlinking throughout Europe in English, and additionally in Swedish in Scandinavia, 2) linking between countries sharing a common language, and 3) countries extensively hosting international links in their own major languages. This provides evidence for the multilingual character of academic use of the Web in Western Europe, at least outside the UK and Eire. Evidence was found that Greece was significantly linguistically isolated from the rest of the EU but that outsiders Norway and Switzerland were not.

Keywords: Bibliometrics, Information, Webometrics

Tsay, M.Y., Xu, H. and Wu, C.W. (2003), Journal co-citation analysis of semiconductor literature. Scientometrics, 57 (1), 7-25.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 7.pdf

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to map semiconductor literature using journal co-citation analysis. The journal sample was gathered from the INSPEC database from 1978 to 1997. In the co-citation analysis, the data compiled were counts of the number of times two journal titles were jointly cited in later publications. It is assumed that the more two journals are cited together, the closer the relationship between them. The journal set used was the 30 most productive journals in the field of semiconductors. Counts of co-citations to the set of semiconductor journals were retrieved from SciSearch database, accessed through Dialog. Cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling were employed to create two-dimensional maps of journal relationships in the cross-citation networks. The following results were obtained through this co-citation study: The 30 journals fall fairly clearly into three clusters. The major cluster of journals, containing 17 titles, is in the subject of physics. The second cluster, consisting of 9 journals, includes journals primarily on material science. The remaining cluster represents research areas in the discipline of electrical and electronic engineering. All co-cited journals share similar co-citation profiles, reflected in high positive Pearson correlation. Two hundred and ninety-six pairs (68%) correlate at greater than 0.70. This shows that there is strong relationship between semiconductor journals. Five individual journals in five paired sets with co-citation frequency over 100,000 times include Physical Review B, Condensed Matter, Physical Review Letters, Applied Physics Letters, Journal of Applied Physics, and Solid State Communications.

Gupta, B.M. and Dhawan, S.M. (2003), India’s collaboration with People’s Republic of China in Science and Technology: A scientometric analysis of coauthored papers during 1994-1999. Scientometrics, 57 (1), 59-74.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 59.pdf

Abstract: The paper describes the need and importance of collaboration on scientific research. It discusses the present status of India’s collaboration with China in S&T, analyses the collaborative research between India and China, as reflected in the co-authored papers, in particular its nature, strong and week areas and its impact in different subject fields and indicates the potential areas in S&T for future collaboration.

Zitt, M., Ramanana-Rahary, S. and Bassecoulard, E. (2003), Bridging citation and reference distributions: Part I - The referencing-structure function and its application to co-citation and co-item studies. Scientometrics, 57 (1), 93-118.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 93.pdf

Abstract: Citations networks are a core topic of informetrics and science studies. This article proposes to bridge the cited and citing side of citation transactions by using a disaggregated form, the ‘referencing-structure’ function (RSF). The RSF may be also seen as the ‘retrieval-structure’ which, in a stylized co-citation or co-word model, gives the maximum retrieval that can be expected from the bibliometric characteristics of the field (retrieval and recall features are key issues in co-citation studies). The usual citation and reference distributions may be derived from aggregates or cuts respectively, of the RSF. The RSF representation also generates new points of views on the citing-cited distributions, such as the ‘iso-retrieval function’. A rank version of RSF is also introduced.

Part I is devoted to the definition and construction of the RSF, and to the general interpretation of its various aspects in the context of co-citation studies. Generalization to other co-item (co-word, hyperlinks’ co-sitations’) studies is discussed briefly. We also introduce a general form kindred to the Weibull distribution that can be used to fit cuts of the function. The forthcoming Part II will detail empirical fits, using a few experimental files.

Keywords: Science

Li, L. and Zhang, F.L. (2003), Developing English-language academic journals of China. Scientometrics, 57 (1), 119-125.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 119.pdf

Abstract: Many academic journals of China began to be published in English when China opened door to the world more than 20 years ago. Tsinghua University started to publish an academic journal, the Tsinghua Science and Technology since 1996. We made statistical analyses on the regional distribution on the authors and of the references cited by the articles of Tsinghua Science and Technology from 1996 to 2002. The results show that although the authors are mainly from the Tsinghua University, the number of authors from other regions, especially the number of overseas authors, are increasing in recent years, the average number of references cited by every article are increasing from 6.9 in 1996 to 13.4 in 2002. The results suggest that we must learn the successful experiences from well-known journals. Attracting high-level articles and realizing the internationalization of the journal will help us to develop the journal.

He, T.W. (2003), Difficulties and challenges of Chinese scientific journals: Statistical analysis of Chinese literatures using Chinese Science Bulletin as example. Scientometrics, 57 (1), 127-139.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 127.pdf

Abstract: Using statistical method, the author analyzed the citation rate of articles published in Chinese Science Bulletin (CSB) between 1995 and 1999 in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) databases. Results indicated that: 1. Majority of authors who published in CSB were Chinese, 2. The articles were basically cited by the authors themselves in the first year after publication, 3. The peak of total citation rate appeared in the third year after publication and the peak of non-self-citation rate was further delayed. There are relatively high self-citation rates of articles from CSB and most of these citations are from Chinese scientific journals. This indicates that our citation environment is limited to a closed circle. The author, therefore, proposed a strategy for changing the current conditions of Chinese scientific journals to raise their influence.

Keywords: Analysis, Chinese, Citations, Current, Databases, Environment, Impact Factors, Publication, Publications, Science Citation Index, Strategy

Bordons, M., Morillo, F., Fernandez, M.T. and Gomez, I. (2003), One step further in the production of bibliometric indicators at the micro level: Differences by gender and professional category of scientists. Scientometrics, 57 (2), 159-173.

Full Text: 2003\Scientometrics57, 159.pdf

Abstract: Productivity and impact of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research scientists in Natural Resources and Chemistry by gender and professional category are analysed. Scientific publications were downloaded from the Science Citation Index, years 1994-1999. A total of 260 Natural Resources scientists (24% of females) and 219 Chemistry ones (38% of females) were studied. Productivity tended to increase as professional category improved in the two areas. Within each category no significant differences in productivity were found between genders, but the outliers with the highest production were mostly males. Distribution of females by professional categories and number of years at the institution were analysed to detect possible gender discrimination in the promotion system. A more positive picture e merges in Chemistry than in Natural Resources, since a process of feminization of that area has started in the lowest professional categories and females’ progression to the upper ranks is expected in the near future.

Keywords: Sex-Differences, Women, Science

Glänzel, W., Danell, R. and Persson, O. (2003), The decline of Swedish neuroscience: Decomposing a bibliometric national science indicator. Scientometrics, 57 (2), 197-213.

Full Text: 2003\Scientometrics57, 197.pdf

Abstract: Recent studies have reported on a steady decline of Sweden’s relative citation impact in almost all science fields, above all in the life sciences. The authors attempt to shed light on the observed decline in Swedish neuroscience through a detailed citation analysis at different level of aggregations. Thus national citation data are de composed to the institutional, departmental and individual level. Both, the decomposition of national science indicators and changing collaboration patterns in Swedish neuroscience reveal interesting details on the ‘anatomy’ of a decline.

Laudel, G. (2003), Study the brain drain: Can bibliometric methods help? Scientometrics, 57 (2), 215-237.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 215.pdf

Abstract: Today science policy makers in many countries worry about a brain drain, i.e., about permanently losing their best scientists to other countries. However, such a brain drain has proven to be difficult to measure. This article reports a test of bibliometric methods that could possibly be used to study the brain drain on the micro-level. An investigation of elite mobility must solve the three methodological problems of delineating a specialty, identifying a specialty’s elite and identifying international mobility and migration. The first two problems were preliminarily solved by combining participant lists from elite conferences (Gordonconferences) and citation data. Mobility was measured by using the address information of publication data bases. The delineation of specialties has been identified as the crucial problem in studying elite mobility on the micro-level. Policy concerns of a brain drain were confirmed by measuring the mobility of the biomedical Angiotensin specialty.

Keywords: Geographic-Mobility, Scientists, Science

van Leeuwen, T.N., Visser, M.S., Moed, H.F., Nederhof, T.J. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2003), The Holy Grail of science policy: Exploring and combining bibliometric tools in search of scientific excellence. Scientometrics, 57 (2), 257-280.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 257.pdf

Abstract: Evaluation studies of scientific performance conducted during the past years more and more focus on the identification of research of the ‘highest quality’, ‘top’ research, or ‘scientific excellence’. This shift in focus has lead to the development of new bibliometric methodologies and indicators. Technically, it meant a shift from bibliometric impact scores based on average values such as the average impact of all papers published by some unit to be evaluated towards indicators reflecting the top of the citation distribution, such as the number of ‘highly cited’ or ‘top’ articles.

In this study we present a comparative analysis of a number of standard and new indicators of research performance or ‘scientific excellence’, using techniques applied in studies conducted by CWTS in recent years. It will be shown that each type of indicator reflects a particular dimension of the general concept of research performance. Consequently, the application of one single indicator only may provide an incomplete picture of a unit’s performance. It is argued that one needs to combine the various types of indicators in order to offer policy makers and evaluators valid and useful assessment tools.

Keywords: Indicators

Leta, J. and Lewison, G. (2003), The contribution of women in Brazilian science: A case study in astronomy, immunology and oceanography. Scientometrics, 57 (3), 339-353.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 339.pdf

Abstract: The performance of Brazilian male and female scientists in three scientific fields was assessed through their publications in the Science Citation Index from 1997-2001. Information on their sex and their ages, positions, and fellowship status was obtained from a census on all Brazilian scientists. The results showed that women participated most in immunology, moderately in oceanography and least in astronomy. Men and women published similar numbers of papers, and they were also of similar potential impact, they were also equally likely to collaborate internationally their salaries, suggesting that some sexual discrimination may still be occurring in the Brazilian peer- review process.

Keywords: Europe, International Collaboration, Scientific Cooperation

Ho, Y.S., Chiu, C.H., Tseng, T.M. and Chiu, W.T. (2003), Assessing stem cell research productivity. Scientometrics, 57 (3), 369-376.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 369.pdf

Abstract: Honour Index (HoI), a method to evaluate research performance within different research fields, was derived from the impact factor (IF). It can be used to rate and compare different categories of journals. HoI was used in this study to determine the scientific productivity of stem cell research in the Asian Four Dragons (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan) from 1981 to 2001. The methodology applied in this study represents a synthesis of universal indicator studies and bibliometric analyses of subfields at the micro-level. We discuss several comparisons, and conclude the developmental trend in stem cell research for two decades.

Keywords: Analyses, Asian, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analyses, Fields, Hong Kong, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicator, Journals, Korea, Methodology, Performance, Productivity, Publications, Research, Research Performance, Research Productivity, Science, Scientific Productivity, Singapore, South Korea, Stem Cell, Synthesis, Taiwan, Trend

Miettunen, J. and Nieminen, P. (2003), The effect of statistical methods and study reporting characteristics on the number of citations: A study of four general psychiatric journals. Scientometrics, 57 (3), 377-388.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 377.pdf

Abstract: This paper investigates how the use of different statistical methods and study design characteristics affected the number of citations in psychiatric journals. Original research articles (N=448) from four psychiatric journals were reviewed. Aspects measured included the use of statistical methodology, presentation of results, description of procedures, country of the corresponding author and number of the authors. The use of statistical methods was not strongly associated with the further utilisation of an article. The effect was low compared to the impact of correspondence address or number of authors. Extended description of statistical procedures and an experimental study design had a positive effect to the received citations.

Keywords: Medical Journals, Trends

Xu, W., Chen, Y.Z. and Shen, Z.C. (2003), Neuroscience output of China: A MEDLINE-based bibliometric study. Scientometrics, 57 (3), 399-409.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics57, 399.pdf

Abstract: Neuroscience is one of the most active research fields in many countries including China, an economically and scientifically emerging country, where a rapid development has been occurred since the 1970s. In this study, a MEDLINE-based bibliometric analysis of Chinese international output in neuroscience was conducted for the period from 1984 through 2001. An attempt was made to identify the pattern of the growth and to obtain some quantitative indicators over the literature studied in order to review at the developing steps of neuroscience in China during the period.

Wallner, B., Fieder, M. and Iber, K. (2003), Age profile, personnel costs and scientific productivity at the University of Vienna. Scientometrics, 58 (1), 143-153.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics58, 143.pdf

Abstract: This study analyzes the age profile of scientific employees and its relation to personnel costs and scientific productivity within eight faculties at the University of Vienna. The age demography can overall be divided into two main categories: Category one faculties represent an increased number of younger aged researchers (Catholic-, Protestant Theology, Law, Economics, Information Sciences, and Medicine), category two faculties show an increased number of older aged researchers (Social Sciences, Humanities, and Science). In addition, it can be demonstrated that the personnel costs for full professors are higher within four faculties (Catholic-, Protestant Theology, Law, and Economics and Information Sciences). Inevitably, this leads to savings for habilitated and non- habilitated researchers at these faculties. The faculty of Medicine represents a well-balanced use of personnel costs. Three faculties (Social Sciences, Humanities, and Sciences) have to pay dramatically more for their older aged habilitated and non-habilitated personnel. For the entire university and two faculties, Medicine and Humanities, a positive and significant relationship between age and the average weekly teaching performance is shown. This study suggests that institutions with a high percentage of older researchers, mainly in the categories of habilitated and non- habilitated personnel, must change their policy to become more flexible and attractive for new talented young people. Due to the fact, that this cannot only be realized through the introduction of new laws, each faculty must establish a scientific plan combined with reorganizations of the personnel structure and personnel costs.

Thelwall, M. and Tang, R. (2003), Disciplinary and linguistic considerations for academic Web linking: An exploratory hyperlink mediated study with Mainland China and Taiwan. Scientometrics, 58 (1), 155-181.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics58, 155.pdf

Abstract: The Web has become an important means of academic information exchange and can be used to give new insights into patterns of informal scholarly communication. This study develops new methods to examine patterns of university Web linking, focusing on Mainland China and Taiwan, and including language considerations. Multiple exploratory investigations into Web links were conducted between universities in these two places. Firstly, inlinks were counted to each university Web site from its national peers using four alternative Web document models. The results were shown to correlate significantly with research productivity in Taiwan but not in the Mainland, although in the latter case less reliable institutional data could have been the cause. For Taiwan, this is the first evidence of a scholarly association with academic linking for a non-English speaking region. It was then ascertained that the same link counts associated more strongly with scientific than social scientific research productivity in Taiwan. This confirms the general assumption of greater Web use by the hard sciences. We then investigated Taiwan-Mainland university cross-links, and found that although English is extensively used on the Web, there was no evidence that it was the language of preference for informal scholarly communication between the two areas.

Keywords: Bibliometrics, Communication, Crawler, Departments, Impact Factors, Information, Journals, Science, Site Interlinking, University

Hullmann, A. and Meyer, M. (2003), Publications and patents in nanotechnology - An overview of previous studies and the state of the art. Scientometrics, 58 (3), 507-527.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics58, 507.pdf

Abstract: Nanotechnology and the sciences that are associated with it have attracted much attention. Experts from various fields believe that nanotechnology will be one of the key technologies affecting almost every aspect of the economy. While there are considerable efforts underway that aim to commercialise nanotechnology - carried by start-up companies as well as large internationally operating firms - most of the activity seems to focus on research and development activities. There have been a number of technology studies and investment reports that describe the opportunities associated with this emerging area. Over the years there have also been a number of bibliometric and patent studies that examined the field. This paper provides an overview of measuring nanotechnology with commonly used indicators of bibliometric and patent analyses.

Keywords: Technology, Science, Field

Glänzel, W., Schlemmer, B. and Thijs, B. (2003), Better late than never? On the chance to become highly cited only beyond the standard bibliometric time horizon. Scientometrics, 58 (3), 571-586.

Full Text: 2003\Scientometrics58, 571.pdf

Abstract: According to GARFIELD (1980), most scientists can name an example of an important discovery that had little initial impact on contemporary research. And he uses by Mendel’s work as a classical example. Delayed recognition is sometimes used by scientists as an argument against citation-based indicators based on citation windows defined for a short- or medium-term initial period beginning with the paper’s publication year.

This study is focussed on a large-scale analysis of the citation history of all papers indexed in the 1980 annual volume of the Science Citation Index. The objective is two-fold, particularly, to analyse whether the share of delayed recognition papers is significant and whether such papers are typical of the work of their authors at that time.

In a first step, the background of advanced bibliometric models by Glänzel, Egghe, Rousseau and Burrell of stochastic citation processes and first-citation distributions is described briefly. The second part is devoted to the bibliometric analysis of first-citation statistics and of the phenomenon of citation delay. In a third step, finally, delayed reception publications have been studied individually. Their topics and the citation patterns of other papers by the same authors have been studied to uncover principles of regularity or exceptionality of delayed reception publications.

Keywords: Scientific Literature, Citation Processes, Stochastic-Model

? Vinkler, P. (2003), Relations of relative scientometric indicators. Scientometrics, 58 (3), 687-694.

Full Text: 2003\Scientometrics58, 687.pdf

Abstract: Relative indicators are preferably used for the comparative evaluation of thematically different sets of journal papers. The Relative Publication Strategy and Relative Subfield Citedness (RPS/RW) function referring to a set of papers selected was found to be identical with the Mean Expected Citation Rate and Mean Observed Citation Rate (MECR/MOCR) function.

Keywords: Citation, Citedness, Evaluation, Impact, Indicators, Journal, Performance, Publication, Publication Output, Scientometric Indicators, World

? Albert, A. and Plaza, L.M. (2004), The transfer of knowledge from the Spanish public R&D system to the productive sectors in the field of Biotechnology. Scientometrics, 59 (1), 3-14.

Full Text: 2004\Scientometrics59, 3.pdf

Abstract: To determine the capability and resources of the Spanish R & D system to produce knowledge useful for the Biotechnology industries, an analysis of indicators derived from published work, scientific papers cited in US patents and inventions patented, has been carried out. The results show that the number of publications compares well with that of other European countries. The visibility of those publications seems evident as about two thirds of the authors studied have been cited in patents assigned to foreign enterprises, but very few of them have applied for patents. This is analysed in connection with the existing policies.

Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Biotechnology, Flows, Indicators, Industries, Innovation, Knowledge, Papers, Patents, Policies, Publications, Science, Technology, US, Visibility

Dastidar, P.G. (2004), Ocean Science & Technology research across the countries: A global scenario. Scientometrics,