Personal Research Database

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 189.pdf

? Rabkin, Y.M. (1983), Science indicators 1978 - Natl-Sci-Fdn-Natl-Sci-Board. Scientometrics, 5 (3), 195-197.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 195.pdf

? Frame, J.D. (1983), Science indicators 1980 - Natl-Sci-Fdn-Natl-Sci-Board. Scientometrics, 5 (3), 197-199.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 197.pdf

? Haitun, S.D. and Pilipenko, A.V. (1983), Science indicators 1980 - Natl-Sci-Fdn. Scientometrics, 5 (3), 199-201.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 199.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1983), The science profession in the third-world: Studies from India and Kenya - Eisemont, TO. Scientometrics, 5 (3), 202-203.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 202.pdf

Keywords: India, Kenya

? Peritz, B.C. (1983), Are methodological papers more cited than theoretical or empirical ones? The case of sociology. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 211-218.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 211.pdf

Abstract: The objective of this study is to f’md out whether methodological papers published in core sociological journals are more frequently cited than theoretical or empirical (substantive) papers. The results indicate that such is indeed the ease, moreover, this result is not due to a few ‘outlying’, very highly cited papers. These findings are based on all the methodological and theoretical papers, and a sample of the empirical papers, published in 1972 and 1973 in three high-impact sociological journals. The citation counts for these papers were compiled from the Social Science Citation lndex for the years 1972-1981. The data were analyzed separately for each journal and year of publication.

? Eto, H. and Makino, K. (1983), Stochastic-model for innovation and resulting skew distribution for technological concentration with verification in Japanese industry. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 219-243.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 219.pdf

Abstract: Technological resources are shown to be more concentrated to a few firms than economic wealth. To explain such concentrations, the self-multiplication process with cycle between the innovative and stagnant ages is modeled in terms of the stochastic process. This yields a family of new distributions which is named the ultra-Yule distribution. This new distribution which is quite skew is shown to fit the real distributions of patents and of R & D expenditure in the Japanese industry better than the Yule distribution. The properties of this new distribution is discussed.

? Baldauf, R.B. and Jernudd, B.H. (1983), Language use patterns in the fisheries periodical literature. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 245-255.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 245.pdf

Abstract: A cross-sectional examination of the fisheries literature for 1978 was made to see how language use patterns were related to communicating research information. An analysis of 884 articles indicated that despite the dominance of English as an international communicative medium, there was a strong national language usage pattern. National language usage was not confined to local fisheries problems, but cut across issues of international importante. For most of the articles the language of publication was directly predictable from the first author’s country of residence. However the mismatch between these variables for about six percent of the sample suggested the need for a detailed study of individual cases.

? Vanhouten, J., Vanvuren, H.G., Lepair, C. and Dijkhuis, G. (1983), Migration of physicists to other academic disciplines: Situation in the Netherlands. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 257-267.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 257.pdf

Abstract: ‘Field switchers’ are an interesting group of people to study ff one wants to find out to what extent and the ways in which the various scientific disciplines influence each other. In this paper we present and discuss the results of an inquiry that was conducted at Dutch universities among one particular type of field switchers, namely migrated physicists. By migrated physicists we mean physicists working in universities but not in physics departments. Although migrated physicists form a very heterogeneous group one can draw some general conclusions about their attitudes, characteristics and capacities. Migrated physicists apparently continue to feel themselves to be physicists, and they think that physics or natural sciences should play a greater role in their ‘adopted’ fields. At least in the case of physicists, field-mobility seems to be linked with general mobility. Migrants parform a useful and important service.

Keywords: the Netherlands

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1983), Organization for economic cooperation and development: Science and technology policy for the 1980s. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 269-270.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 269.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1983), Quality in science: Lafollette, MC. Scientometrics, 5 (4), 270-272.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 270.pdf

? Mccain, K.W. (1983), The author co-citation structure of macroeconomics. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 277-289.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 277.pdf

Abstract: Cocitations of the work of 42 prominent macroeconomists (past and present) were examined, using multidimensional scaling and clustering techniques. Author clusters, corresponding primarily to current schools of thought in macroeconomics, are arranged along two dimensions of scholarly style, 1) a relative orientation toward quantitative or mathematical models and issues and 2) a continuum of active concern with older scholarship in the field. Social relationships demonstrated by these techniques include joint journal editorship, mentor-student links and institutional affiliation. New to this study is evidence of the eocitation of prominent authors as ‘concept symbols’.

? Todorov, R. (1983), Condensed matter physics journals. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 291-301.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 291.pdf

Abstract: On the basis of a citation/reference criterion, 20 core journals are selected in the field of condensed matter physics. Citation data and indicators from 1980Journal Citation Reports reveal their different characteristic features such as applied orientation, communication function and longevity. The manually obtained data for the core journals are written into a matrix in order to determine an appropriate ranking parameter. The method of Price is used first to reduce the diagonal elements and then, following the method of Geller, influence weights are calculated for the core journals. Influence weights are determined also for non-core journals using only the references received from the core.

? Peritz, B.C. (1983), A Classification of citation roles for the social-sciences and related fields. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 303-312.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 303.pdf

Abstract: The paper proposes a classification scheme for the roles of citations in empirical studies from the social sciences and related fields. The use of the classification, which has eight categories, is illustrated in sociology, education, demography, epidemiology and librarianship, its association with the citations’ location within the paper is presented. The question of repeated citations of the same document is discussed. Several research questions to which this classification is relevant are proposed. The need for further critique, validation and experimentation is pointed out.

? Gregory, J.G. (1983), Citation study of a scientific revolution: Sudden infant death syndrome. 1. The new paradigm. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 313-327.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 313.pdf

Abstract: The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) provides an example of a scientific revolution something like that proposed by Thomas Kuhn. In the early 70s a variety of theories within the paradigm that SIDS affects ‘normal’ children were superseded by the sleep apnea hypothesis, which is the main theory associated with the new paradigm, that some infants have respiratory abnormalities which put them at risk of ‘near misses’ of S1DS. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the literature and citations of the work of the scientists considered to be responsible for the new paradigm are used to describe the revolution.

? Roche, M. (1983), Sciences and cultures - Mendelsohn, E, Elkana, Y. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 329-331.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 329.pdf

? Kochen, M. (1983), The cognitive paradigm: Demey, M. Scientometrics, 5 (5), 331-333.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 331.pdf

? Rajeswari, A.R. (1983), A quantitative-analysis of indian science and technology manpower employment and economic-development. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 343-359.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 343.pdf

Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the science & technology (simply S & T) manpower employment in relation to economic development based on quantitative analysis. The results derived from various analyses have shown the existence of correlation between S & T employment generation and economic development. A number of multiple regression analyses have indicated in quantitative terms the extent of growth expected in the Gross National Product (GNP), industrial output and R & D expenditure to absorb the available supply of S & T personnel.

? Midorikawa, N. (1983), Citation analysis of physics journals: Comparison of subfields of physics. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 361-374.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 361.pdf

Abstract: In this study, half-life, citation degree, form dispersion and title dispersion of physic journals were investigated, and they were compaired in each subfield with those in other subfields.

The results from this study were that, on the whole, in physics the most preferred medium for physicists is the ‘journal’, however, in the subfields in which large experimental or observational devices are used, the use of ‘reports’ and ‘letter journals’ is going to increase.

? Haitun, S.D. (1983), The “rank distortion” effect and non-gaussian nature of scientific activities. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 375-395.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 375.pdf

Abstract: The “rank distortion” of statistical distribution and its effect on the non-Gaussian nature of scientific activities is discussed. Examples are presented and in particular, the dispersion of publications by journals (the Bradford distribution) is discussed in detail. The data supporting the thesis of non-Gaussian nature of science are reexamined, and the empirical basis of the thesis is extended.

? Schubert, A. (1983), Quantitative studies of science: A current bibliography. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 397-403.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 397.pdf

? Eisemon, T. (1983), The manufacture of knowledge: An essay on the constructivist and contextual nature of science - Knorrcetina, KD. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 405-406.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 405.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1983), Science in context: Barnes, B, Edge, D. Scientometrics, 5 (6), 406-407.

Full Text: 1983\Scientometrics5, 406.pdf

? Griffith, B.C. (1984), Price, D (1922-1983) and the social-studies of science. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 5-7.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 5.pdf

? Zhao, H.Z. (1984), An intelligence constant of scientific work. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 9-17.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 9.pdf

Abstract: A susceptibility parameter called the ‘intelligence constant’ by which it is possible to assess the complexity of scientific research in the different periods in history is suggested. In scientific sense, the intelligence constant measures creative energy expended in the achievement of a major scientific result. It is demonstrated that the sudden change of intelligence constant signalizes a scientific revolution and so the law of intelligence constant change might provide a particular method to forecast scientific revolutions in the future.

? Qurashi, M.M. (1984), Publication rate as a function of the laboratory group-size. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 19-26.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 19.pdf

Abstract: In view of conflict with the conclusions of several earlier studies, a fresh analysis has been made of Cohen’s data on publication-rate for various lab. group sizes in the National Cancer Institute (USA) and the National Institute of Medical Research (U.K.) for 1976-77. The present analysis is based on subdividing the data into successive ranges of lab. Group size, 1-3, 4-6, 7-9., .and calculating the relevant publication rate person (R) for each range.

When plotted, this yields graphs with an initial linear rise of per-capita publication rate, R, followed by well-marked maxima of publication rates (maxima/minima N1.6) at group size of 6,16, and 27 • persons, which are confirmed through analyses with ranges of two different group sizes. The group size at the peaks presumably correspond to optimum efficiency, in general agreement with the findings of the present author on samples from various countries published several years ago. Our conclusions fall somewhere between the findings of Cohen (publication rate independent of size) and those of lCallmark et al. (research efficiency increases exponentially with size).

? Cohen, J.E. (1984), Statistical theory AIDS inference in scientometrics Comments to publication rate as a function of the laboratory/group size by M. M. Qurashi. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 27-32.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 27.pdf

Keywords: Scientometrics

? Hopkins, F.L. (1984), New causal theory and ethnomethodology: Cocitation patterns across a decade. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 33-53.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 33.pdf

Abstract: Twenty-one authors were selected from Nicholas Mullins’ 1972 lists of leaders in two emergent sociological theory groups, new causal theory and ethnomethodology. Data on cocitation of their works for the periods 1972-1976 and 1977-1981 were extracted from the Social Scisearch database and subjected to factor analysis and multidimensional scaling programs. Interpretation of the results, based on examination of a sample of the cited literature, confirmed Mullins’ division of these authors into two distinct groups. The evidence indicates that ethnomethodology is neither dying out nor becoming more alienated from mainstream sociology.

? Schubert, A. (1984), Quantitative studies of science: A current bibliography. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 55-59.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 55.pdf

? Lyon, W.S. (1984), Winning the games scientists play - Sinderman, CJ. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 61-62.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 61.pdf

? Baldauf, R.B. (1984), Correction. Scientometrics, 6 (1), 67.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 67.pdf

? Moravcsik, M.J. (1984), Life in a multidimensional world. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 75-85.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 75.pdf

Abstract: The methodology of the science of science is claimed to be plagued by one-dimensional thinking, and it is urged that a multi-dimensional view be adopted instead. In a onedimensional model ‘cause’ is a meaningful word, superlatives Can be used, dichotomous thinking is realistic, with a resultant ‘zero-sum’ mentality, and the ‘make a hypothesis - find a correlation’ method makes sense. In the multidimensional framework these four characteristics are unsuitable, and instead a quite different set of questions arise as appropriate. This is illustrated on five examples taken from among currently interesting questions in the science of science. Following some remarks about simplicity and about the role and limitations of multiple regression analyses, it is concluded that, among other things, more purely phenomenological studies are needed to make progress in the science of science.

? Gordon, M.D. (1984), Methodological pluralism in a multidimensional world: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 87-92.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 87.pdf

? Haitun, S.D. (1984), Life in a multidimensional world: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 93-96.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 93.pdf

? Frame, J.D. (1984), Multidimensionality is alive and well in applied statistics: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 97-101.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 97.pdf

? Nalimov, V.V. (1984), Life in a multidimensional world: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 103-104.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 103.pdf

? Inhaber, H. (1984), Life in a multidimensional world: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 105-107.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 105.pdf

? Sengupta, I.N. (1984), The place of phenomenological studies in scientometrics: A comment to the special report. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 109-113.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 109.pdf

Keywords: Scientometrics

? Hurt, C.D. (1984), An examination of the literature distributions of 3 scientific specialties. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 115-126.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 115.pdf

Abstract: An examination was conducted of the distributions produced by historical treatments of three scientific specialties: quantum mechanics, plate tectonics, and endocrinology. A citation analysis approach was employed to generate a frequency distribution for year of publication of literature referenced by historians. The observed values were normalized and tested for goodness of fit to each other using a Pearson goodness of fit test. The results indicated that the three distributions were not equivalent. Other parameters of the three distributions did show similarities using a Dunn planned comparison approach. The skewness of the three distributions was very similar and plate tectonics and endocrinology were similar in terms of kurtosis. The major conclusion reached was that there were major differences in the three distributions but some similarities in particular parameters were evident. Additional work is necessary to determine causal factors for the differences as well as similarities.

? Todorov, R. (1984), Determination of influence weights for scientific journals: An example from elementary particle physics. Scientometrics, 6 (2), 127-138.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 127.pdf

Abstract: A new citation matrix is proposed for the computation of journal influence weights applying Gelter’s methodology. Instead of self-citations, references to fringe journals are introduced and the proportions of all references (without self-citations) are used as matrix elements. On the basis of the determined weights, relative weights for fringe journals are calculated, i.e. the initial set (core) of journals is extended and simultaneously a rank order is obtained (by total influence and influence per article). The procedure is examplified on elementary particle physics (EPP) journals. Using first a reference/citation criterion, eight core journals were determined by iteration and then influence weights were calculated. A ranking by total influ6nce and influence per article is presented for core and fringe journals in EPP.

? Schubert, A. and Glänzel, W. (1984), A dynamic look at a class of skew distributions: A model with scientometric applications. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 149-167.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 149.pdf

Abstract: A theoretical model of repetitive events is presented and applied to the scientific publication process. Based on three simple postulates, a relation between population growth and distribution of authors by publication productivity in a scientific community is established. Predictions of the model are supported by empirical evidences.

? Simonton, D.K. (1984), Scientific eminence historical and contemporary: A measurement assessment. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 169-182.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 169.pdf

Abstract: In some studies of scientific creativity it has proved useful to assess the differential eminence of scientists according to their presence in historical record (as registered by scholarly works). To determine the research utility of such indicators, a sample of 2026 scientists spanning several centuries and nationalities was taken from three biographical dictionaires of science. The eminence of each scientist was gauged 23 distinct ways using a diversity of reference works (e.g., histories, biographical dictionaires, encyclopedias, etc.) and variable operationalizations (e.g., space measures, ratings, rankings, etc.). Despite minor discrepancies due mainly to the degree of timewise bias and reference work type, a factor analysis demonstrated the existence of a pervasive concensus. A linear composite of these measures had an c~ reliability of 0.78. Further, it was shown that (a) the reliability of assessed eminence somewhat declines as it is applied to more recently born scientists, (b) the reliability remains high within separate disciplines and nationalities, and (c) assessed eminence, once complex time trends are controlled, correlates positively with the more commonly used citation counts, especially the number of cited publications. Hence, archival indicators or’ scientific eminence axe both reliable and consistent with other scientometric procedures.

? Eto, H. (1984), Bradford Law in R and D expending of firms and R and D concentration. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 183-188.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 183.pdf

Abstract: The applicability of the Bradford law 1o the R ~ D expending of firms is examined and its usefidness is proved. It successfully identifies core firms, peripheral firms and minor firms. It also provides a measure to evaluate the degree of R & D concentration lo a small number of firms.

? Diamond, A.M. (1984), An economic-model of the life-cycle research productivity of scientists. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 189-196.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 189.pdf

Abstract: Scientific productivity is constant as a scientist ages according to recent studies relying mainly on quantity measures of productivity. An economic model of the life-cycle productivity of scientists is presented which implies that the number of citations made to a scientist’s previous work will decline with age. The implication could be consistent with the finding of constant quantity output with age if the decline in quality (as measured by number of citations per article) is large enough.

? Schubert, A. (1984), Quantitative studies of science: A current bibliography. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 197-202.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 197.pdf

? Brown, W.B. (1984), International-business and global technology - Frame, JD. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 203-204.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 203.pdf

? Nalimov, V.V. (1984), Scientometrics - State and prospects - Russian - Haitun, SD. Scientometrics, 6 (3), 204-205.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 204.pdf

Keywords: Scientometrics

? Snizek, W.E. (1984), Casting the 1st rock: Some observations on the bestowers and recipients of journal article comments in sociology. Scientometrics, 6 (4), 215-222.

Full Text: 1984\Scientometrics6, 215.pdf

Abstract: This study examines the patterns of evaluation surrounding journal article comments which have appeared in the ASR from 1970 through 1979. The data analyzed represent a complete enumeration of the demographic and prestige characteristics of 560 senior authors of articles, and 172 authors of comments written on 138 of the 560 articles published during the decade. Upon comparison, authors whose articles have been commented on are shown to be affiliated with significantly less prestigious institutions, than are authors whose articles have not been commented on. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship is shown to exist between the academic ranks of article authors and comment writers.

? Frame, J.D. (1984), Quantitative management of technology. Scientometrics,