Title: Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft

Title: Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft

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? Sammet, K. (2011), The scientific plagiarism. On the failure of a system. Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft, 59 (3), 272-273.

Keywords: Plagiarism

Title: Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitspsychologie

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? Schwarzer, R. and Richert, J. (2009), Health Psychology at the International Congress of Psychology in Berlin, Germany, 2008. Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitspsychologie, 17 (1), 40-42.

Abstract: The worldwide increasing popularity of health psychology is illustrated by an analysis of data gathered at the International Congress of Psychology (ICP) in Berlin, 2008. The first analysis deals with the topics of interest that participants had stated when registering online for the congress. Out of 26 topics, health psychology obtained rank 9. The second analysis deals with the primary category in which abstracts were classified. Out of 6,252 abstracts, 10.65% were assigned to health psychology as the primary domain of research. These congress-based data may complement previous bibliometric data that attest to the increasing importance of health psychology.

Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Germany, Health, Health Beliefs, Health Promotion, Health Psychology, Prevention, Primary, Research, Topics

? Haug, S. and Schaub, M. (2011), Efficacy of Internet programs for tobacco smoking: A systematic review. Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitspsychologie, 19 (4), 181-196.

Full Text: 2011\Zei Ges19, 181.pdf

Abstract: The aim of this study is to systematically review the published literature on the efficacy of Internet programs for smoking cessation, smoking prevention, and prevention of passive smoking. Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were conducted in July 2010. Randomized controlled trials reporting results about the efficacy of internet interventions for tobacco prevention compared to a control group or a standard intervention were included in the review. Initial searches in the literature databases identified 359 articles, of which 17 were eligible for inclusion in this review. In these articles, 16 studies were described: 14 studies addressed the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions, 2 studies reported results of combined smoking prevention and cessation programs. From the 14 smoking cessation interventions, 6 were effective to increase smoking abstinence rates in comparison to control groups. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, particularly concerning the control groups, we did not pool study results overall. However, we pooled study results and calculated effect sizes for studies with similar control conditions. Compared to control groups without intervention, there was a trend but no statistically significant effect of Internet programs to increase abstinence rates (relative risk (RR) 1.42; 95%-confidence interval (CI) 0.85-2.37). Compared with minimal interventions, online smoking cessation interventions were effective (RR1.31; CI 1.09-1.57). Internet interventions were not effective compared with personal counseling interventions (RR 0.86; CI 0.72-1.04), with a tendency of personal interventions to be more effective. In comparison with a standard intervention, the standard intervention combined with an additional internet program was not more effective (RR 1.27; CI 0.70-2.31). Internet interventions which addressed smokers motivated to quit were more often effective than Internet interventions addressing unselected populations of smokers. The combined smoking prevention and cessation programs were effective on single, but not on all outcome criteria in comparison to assessment only groups. Effective Internet programs exist, particularly for smoking cessation in smokers motivated to quit. However, none of these programs was evaluated in German speaking countries. The empirical evidence for the efficacy of Internet based smoking prevention programs is marginal and, so far, no evidence exists for programs for the prevention of passive smoking.

Keywords: Assessment, Assistance, Behavior, Cessation Program, Cochrane, Computer, Control, Control Groups, Databases, Efficacy, Internet, Intervention, Interventions, Literature, Medline, Mortality, Outcome, Prevention, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Relative Risk, Review, Risk, Science, Smoking, Systematic, Systematic Review, Tobacco, Transtheoretical Model, Trend, Web of Science

Title: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie

Full Journal Title: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie

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? Lang, E., Arnold, K. and Kupfer, P. (1994), Women live longer: Biological, medical and sociological causes. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 27 (1), 10-15.

Full Text: Zei Ger27, 10.pdf

Abstract: The results of studies concerning the mortality rates of both sexes are of great similarity in all industrial countries. For underdeveloped countries, little information is available, but analogue proportions can be supposed. In the nations of the industrialized world males have a significantly higher mortality rate, which shortens their life expectancy in comparison with that of woman. Since about 1970 a deceleration of this development has been observed. The diseases responsible for this fact are ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, accidents, and other traumatic incidences, but also infectious diseases. Concerning the origins of ischemic heart disease, the influence of sex hormones especially on the lipid profile are being discussed, nevertheless, for the enhanced coronary risk of males environmental and behavioral factors seem to be more important than biological reasons. As for carcinosis being a reason for the mortality of males, lung cancer is in the foremost position. Cigarette Consumption, as well as the higher exposure to cancerogenic substances related to typically male professions, are held responsible for this. As for other types of cancer, environmental factors depending on gender are strongly considered as a reason for different rates of mortality. Furthermore, sociological explanations for these differing frequencies are being discussed. Occupational differences and the different positions held in working life by each gender are believed to be responsible for the higher rate of mortality among males. Also, risk taking behavior seems to be found more often among males, than among females. A variety of hypotheses based on genetics have been given to explain the different gender-specific rates of mortality, but none of them has yet been proven correct. The present and historical perspectives of social influences, such as lifestyle and environmental factors, are more important for the explanation of sex differences in rates of mortality than are hereditary factors. Finally, under discussion is that the leading criterion of life expectancy should be replaced or substantially completed by aspects of life quality (in the terms of ‘health expectancy’).

Keywords: Sex-Differences, Life Expectancy, Mortality, Gender, Health, Men, Population, Morbidity, Mortality Rate, Life Expectancy, Sex Differences, Male Risk, Environmental and Behavioral Factors

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