Szabó, Béla (Bernard Meller) (Nagymihály, 21 September 1906 - Pozsony, now Bratislava in Slovakia, 16 October 1980) – Writer, poet. He completed six years of primary school, after which he studied the tailor’s trade and worked in that trade. From 1949 until his retirement, he was Editor of the daily, New Word (Új Szó). His works include I am Starving! (Éhes vagyok!), poems (1931), Ezra Starting off, vols. i,ii (Ezra elindul, I,II), novel (1935), The first Gift (Az első ajándék), stories (1951), The Bride (A menyasszony), novel (1956), Uprising of Dogs (Ebek lázadása), novel (1964), To the Bitter End (Mindhalálig), novel (1972), and Difficult Farewell (Nehézbúcsú), articles, stories (1981). – B: 0883, 1890, T: 7456.
Szabó, Denis (Dénes) (Budapest, 1929 -) – Criminologist and educator. He was educated at the Universities of Budapest, and Louvain, where he obtained a Ph.D.; and at the University of Paris (Sorbonne) and the University of Siena. Il a rejoint l'Université de Montréal en 1958 où il a introduit l'enseignement de la criminologie en y créant le Département de criminologie qui servit de modèle à la formation des criminologues à travers le Canada. He moved to Canada and enrolled in the University of Montreal in 1958, where he introduced the teaching of criminology by creating the Department of Criminology, which became the model for the formation of criminologists across Canada. Fondant en 1969 le Centre international de criminologie comparée, il a joué un rôle important dans le développement des recherches comparatives sur le plan international. Founded in 1969, the International Center for Comparative Criminology played an important role in the development of comparative research on the international level. He has been Directeur de recherche ou consultant auprès de commissions d'enquête sur le système pénal (Prévost, Ouimet, Le Dain), il a participé au développement d'une politique criminelle d'inspiration humaniste au Québec et au Canada.a research director and, with consultant committees, he investigated the criminal system (Prevost, Ouimet, Le Dain). He helped to develop a humanistic criminal policy in Quebec province of Canada. Il est consultant des gouvernements français et hongrois. He is a consultant for the French and the Hungarians. Szabó is the author of numerous books including Urban Incest (1958); Crime and Cities (1960); Criminology (1965); Criminology and Criminal Policy (1978); Science and Crimes (1986); On the Anthropology Comparative Criminology (1993); Treaty of Empirical Criminology (1994); Dual Images: Multiculturalism on Two Sides of the Atlantic (1996), and Nordic Moral Climates: Value Continuities and Discontinuities in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (2007). Fondateur de la revue Criminologie (Montréal, 1968). Some of his books were translated into half a dozen other languages. He is the founder of the journal Criminology (Montreal, 1968). Il est directeur scientifique de la Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique (Genève) depuis 1980. Szabó has been Scientific Director of the International Journal ofCriminology and Forensics (Geneva) since 1980. He is President of the International Society of Criminology, consultant to the United Nations (UN), UNESCO, Council of Europe, etc. He helped promote Canada’s science of, and advances in, criminology. He is Docteur honoris causa des universités de Sienne, Budapest, d'Aix-Marseille et de l'Université Pantios d'Athènes, il est actuellement président de l'Association internationale des criminologues de langue française.Doctor honoris causa of the University of Siena, Aix-Marseille, and the University Pantios Athens; he is President of the International Association of French Criminologists, and Membre de la Société royale du Canada et de l'Académie des sciences de Hongrie (1975), Officier de l'Ordre du Canada (1985), il est aussi Commandeur de l'Ordre national du mérite de Hongrie et de la République de la Côte d'Ivoire. Member of the Royal Society of Canada and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1975), Officer of the Order of Canada (1985), and he is also Commander of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary, as well as the Cote d'Ivoire, and a recipient of La Medaille de la Ville de Paris (1986) – B: 0894, 1031, T: 7103.
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Szabó, Dezső(Desider) (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, Romania, 10 June 1879 - Budapest, 5 January 1945) – Writer, teacher, critic and political writer. He was the descendant of a Protestant (Reformed) family of civil servants. He earned a Degree in Education (Dip.Ed.), majoring in Hungarian and French, in the Eötvös College of the University of Budapest. Among his schoolmates were Gyula (Julius) Szekfű, János (John) Horváth and Zoltán Kodály. During his university years he was mainly engaged in Hungarian and Finno-Ugric linguistics and French literature. In 1905 he spent a year in Paris, studying French literature. After his return to Hungary, he worked as a high school teacher at Székesfehérvár (1907-1908), Nagyvárad (now Oradea, Romania) (1908), and Székelyudvarhely (now Odorheiu Seculiesc, Romania) (1909-1911). He began his publicist activity at Székesfehérvár with an anti-Semitic series of articles: Capitalism Creates Shackles for Hungary,and stated that, together with socialism, the fetters are created by the activity of the Jews. He was anti-capitalist and anti-socialist at the same time. He and Endre (Andrew) Bajcsy-Zsilinszky edited a paper, the Vanguard (Előörs), in which they wrote in “race-protecting” language. A few years later, at Székelyudvarhely, he became an enthusiastic supporter of the famous lyric poet Endre (Andrew) Ady. For years he worked as a contributor to the journals West(Nyugat) and Twentieth Century (Huszadik Század), writing essays on Hungarian and French literary themes. His first short stories appeared in the paper, West. Szabó broke with the above journals as a result of the controversy around his study entitled The Bankruptcy of Individuality (Az individualizmus csődje). In 1913 he was forced to go to Sümeg and in 1914 to Ungvár (now Uzhhorod, Ukraine) to escape the limelight. In 1918 he taught in Sümeg, Ungvár, and Lőcse (now Levoča, Slovakia), from where he moved to Budapest during the revolutionary times in 1919. He welcomed the homecoming soldiers in the “Aster Revolution”(Őszirózsás forradalom) of 31 October 1918, but he retired to the countryside during the Socialist (Soviet) Council Republic times (21 March - 1 August 1919), because to him it was alien and anti-national. It was in 1919 that his novel The Swept-away Village (Az elsodort falu) made him instantly famous nationwide: he became the celebrated writer of the 1920s. Its story takes place in Transylvania and Budapest, and it features what he considered to be trends destructive to the Hungarian people. He gave up his teaching position, and as a freelance writer, he lived exclusively from his writings. In 1920-1921 he was the author of the editorials of the journal Daybreak (Virradat); in 1921, correspondent of the paper People (Nép); then, in 1923, he launched the paper Auróra, soon renamed Life and Literature (Élet és Irodalom). Szabó became a significant modernizer of the Hungarian prose style. The central problem of his works is the fate of the Hungarian peasantry and middle-class, and the tragic collisions between these fates. His novels and short stories, as well as his critiques, all written in a spirit of powerful denunciation, aroused widespread literary and political reaction and caused considerable debate. He became virtually the spiritual leader of the students in the universities. His other novels include There is no Escape (Nincsenmenekvés) (1917); Wonderful Life (Csodálatos élet) (1921); Help! (Segítség!) (1925), and Christmas in Kolozsvár(Karácsony Kolozsvárt). His short stories include Diary and Short Stories (Napló és elbeszélések) (1918), and Resurrection in Makucska (Feltámadás Makucskán) (1932, 1956). His critiques and studies are: Language-ReformStudies (Nyelvújítási tanulmányok) (1903); On a Straight Path (Egyenes úton) (1920); Complaint (Panasz) (1923), and Word Formation in the Vogul Language (Vogul szóképzés) (1904). His collected works are: The Whole Horizon vols. i,ii,iii(Az egész látóhatár I,II,III) (1940),andMy Lives(Életeim). The outstanding work of his last years is the incomplete autobiography From the Cradle to Budapest (A bölcsőtől Budapestig), written in a sober, moderate and intimate tone. He died of starvation, aged 65, in the air-raid shelter beneath his home in the Rákóczi Square during the Soviet siege of Budapest. On the occasion of the first national Book Day in May 1929, his works appeared throughout the country. In spite of his popularity at the beginning of the 1930s, his continuing financial problems made him destitute. He rebounded, however, found his way back into public life, and adamantly opposed the social nationalist ideas. Between 1936 and 1941 he gave 59 presentations at the Marksmen’s Garden (Lövészkert)Restaurant where the Hungarian resistance and anti-fascist movement had its intellectual home base. His 60th birthday was a special event held at the City Theater, (VárosiSzínház) in 1939. No Hungarian author was ever celebrated in such a way. He held his monthly speaking engagements until 1942.
The Dezső Szabó Memorial Association was established on 24 May 1988 and, on the 100th anniversary of his birth, 10 May 1979, a commemorative presentation called “Bow 89” (Főhajtás 89) was held at the Jurta Theater. On 10 June 1990, the Memorial Association officially inaugurated the writer’s monument, created by Tibor Szervátiusz, on the Gellért Mountain. Dezső Szabó was one of the trend-setting thinkers and writers between the two World Wars, who was either loved or hated, but even his adversaries acknowledge his powerful, intellectual writing style, which elevates him among the great Hungarian writers. – B: 0883, 1031, 1068, 1257, 7456, T: 7456.→Szekfű,Gyula; Horváth, János; Kodály, Zoltán; Bajcsy-Zsilinszky; Ady,Endre.
Szabó, Emil (Gyula, 17 December 1898 - Debrecen, 2 April 1969) – Pianist, organist, conductor, composer, pedagogue and linguist. He was closely related to writers Magda Szabó and Maria Szentmihályiné Szabó. He received his secondary education in Gyula. In 1918, while resident of Eötvös College, he studied German, French and Italian language and literature at the University of Budapest. In 1920 he enrolled at the Liszt Academy of Music, where he studied piano with Béla Bartók, composition and conducting with Zoltán Kodály, and organ with the noted organist, Aladár Zalánfy and received his Music Degree in conducting and composition. As a hobby, he took up the study of Oriental languages, among them ancient Egyptian. In 1926, he was appointed to the faculty of the Debrecen Conservatory of Music, teaching piano, theory, composition and chamber music. In 1932-1933 and 1942-1943 he became its director. Szabó was conductor of the Hungarian National Railway's Philharmonic Orchestra of Debrecen (MÁV Filharmonikusok), the Debrecen Concert Orchestra, which he founded (Debreceni Koncertzenekar), and of several choirs; premiered Kodály's Pictures of Mátra (Mátrai képek) in Debrecen. He regularly lectured on Hungarian folk music at the University of Debrecen's International Summer Lecture Program in three languages. Among his students were musicologists József (Joseph) Újfalussy and Imre (Emeric) Fábián, composers Miklós (Nicholas) Kocsár, István (Stephen) Vántus and Lajos (Louis) Papp. Of his compositions the best known are his sonata for violin and piano, and the three operas for children: The Tree that Reaches to the Sky (Az égig érő fa) (1937), based on Hungarian folk songs; The Wondrous Tree with the Bending, Green-leafed Branch (Hajlik csodafának zöldleveles ága) (1938), the first children's opera to employ well-known Hungarian fairytale characters; and The Singing Grapes (Szépenszóló szőlő) (1938), based on Transylvanian-Hungarian folk music motives. – B&T: 7617.→Szabó, Magda; Szentmihályi Mrs. Szabó, Mária; Bartók, Béla;Kodály, Zoltán; Zalánfy, Aladár; Kossuth, Éva.
Szabó, Ernő (Ernest) (Kassa, now Košice, Slovakia, 30 June 1900 - Budapest, 10 February 1966) – Actor. At first, he worked as a comic dancer. He moved to another part of the historic Kingdom of Hungary and, from 1942, he was contracted with the theater of Nagyvárad (now Oradea, Transylvania, Romania) and played the great roles of the classical dramas. He became a character actor in comic roles, molder of the simple, average man on the street. From 1946 he worked as an actor at the Szekler (Székely) Theater of Marosvásárhely, and also as Senior Stage Manager and as a teacher at the College of Dramatic Art. From 1955 to 1957 he worked on a contract with the People’s Army Theater of Budapest (Néphadsereg Színháza); from 1958 to 1960 he was with the Operetta Theater Operettszínház), Budapest; from 1961 at the Comedy Theater (Vígszínház) and,from 1963, he was a member of the Attila József Theater (József Attila Színház), Budapest. He appeared in numerous memorable episode roles, as e.g. GentlemenOfficials (Hivatalnok urak),Bedbug (Poloska), and Spring Waltz (Tavaszi keringő). In his first film: Professor Hannibal is Crying (Hannibal tanár sír), he achieved world fame in the leading role. He was the popular Uncle Szabó in the Radio series: Szabó Family (Szabó család). There are more than 35 feature films to his credit, including ProfessorHannibal (Hannibál tanár úr) (1956); Iron Flower(Vasvirág)(1918); Thistle (Bogáncs) 1958), and TheLand of Angels (Angyalok földje) (1962). Among his distinctions are: the Grand Prix of Romania (1954, the Merited Artis title of the Republic of Hungary (1959), and the Outstanding Artist title (1954). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.
Szabó, Ervin (Schlesinger) (Szlanica, County Árva, now Slanica, Slovakia, 23 August 1877 - Budapest, 29 September 1918) – Sociologist, historian, bibliographer, librarian and journalist. He was born into a converted and assimilated Jewish family. From 1901 he was an associate of the Metropolitan Library (Fővárosi Könyvtár) and, from 1911, its head librarian. From 1900 he wrote articles for the Communist paper, People’s Word (Népszava); it was he who developed its literary column. He began his sociological work in 1903, especially in the Sociological Society (Társadalomtudományi Társaság); he was one of its founders and, from 1906, its Vice-President. He also worked for the Twentieth Century (HuszadikSzázad), where he regularly reported on problems of the International Workers’ Movement. He also published articles in the German paper Neue Zeit,and in the French Mouvement Socialiste. The selected works of Marx and Engels in two volumes (1905, 1909) were published, edited by Szabó, with his foreword. He was associated with leftist ideologues such as Sorel, Kautsky, Mehring, and Plekhanov; at the end of 1904 with Lagardelle in Paris and the French syndicalists and, during his student years in Vienna, with numerous Russian émigré socialists, and between 1901 and 1905 he also collaborated with them. His illness later forced him into passivity. During World War I, he became the leader of the anti-militaristic movement. He was described as an anarchist-syndicalist revolutionary. His works include Hungarian Jacobites(Magyar Jakobinusok) (1902); Bibliographia economica universalis (1903-1904); Socialism (1906); Syndicalism and SocialDemocracy (Szindikalizmus és szociáldemokrácia) (1908); The Struggle Between Capital and Labor(Tőke és a munka harca) (1911); Imperialism and Lasting Peace(Imperializmus és tartós béke) (1917), and Sociological and Party Struggles in the 1848-1849 Revolution(Társadalmi és pártharcok a 48-49-es forradalomban) (1921). The Public Library of Budapest is named after him. – B: 0883, 1031, 1068, 1122, T: 7456.→Dégh, Linda. Szabó, FerencS.J. (Francis) (Kálócfa, County Zala, 4 February 1931 - ) – Theologian, philosopher, poet and ecclesiastical writer. He entered the Jesuit Order in 1953. Between 1953 and 1956 he studied at the College of Foreign Languages. Later, he studied French and Hungarian Literature at the Arts Faculty of the University of Budapest. In 1956 he went abroad to study at the Walloon Jesuit College at Egenhoven, Belgium. He was ordained in Brussels in 1962, and obtained a Ph.D. in Theology in Paris in 1966. Thereafter, he was in charge and editor of the Hungarian program of Radio Vatican. During his years in Rome as a radio editor, and with his Hungarian-language works inspired by philosophy, theology and literature, he rendered accessible the most valuable tendencies in the contemporary spiritual life, and thereby fulfilled an important cultural mission. In 1992 he returned to Hungary and since then, he has been Editor of the quarterly journal Vistas (Távlatok). Ferenc Szabó is the author of numerous philosophical, theological, literary-critical books, studies, translations and poems, among them Current Writers and Thinkers. Battle of World Views (Mai írók és gondolkodók. Világnézeztek harca) (1963, 2nd. edn. 1965); Teilhard de Chardin: We are Living in Him (Benne élünk) (1965); Man and His World (Az ember és világa) (1974, 2. ed.); From Abraham to Jesus, introduction to the Bible(Ábrahámtól Jézusig), bevezető a Bibliába (1976); Karl Rahner (1981), and also studies in history of ideas and poems: Afterthe Star (Csillag után) and Searching for God in Modern Literature (Istenkeresés a modern irodalomban) (1995). His studies appeared in Yes (Igen; Catholic Review (KatolikusSzemle); Contemporary world (Kortárs); Balance (Mérleg);The World (Nagyvilág); Service (Szolgálat); Prospects (Távlatok); Vas Review (Vasi Szemle), etc. His distinctions include the Gyula Illyés Prize (1996), the Pro Cultura Hungarica (1991), the Stephanus Prize (2001), and the Pro Cultura Christiana Prize (2008). – B: 0945, 1031, T: 7456.
Szabó, Gábor(1) (Gabriel) (Budapest, 8 March, 1936 - Budapest, 26 February, 1982) – Hungarian-born American jazz guitar player. He began playing the guitar at the age of fifteen, developing his own fingering technique. He left Hungary in 1956. From 1957 to 1959 he studied at the Berklee College of Music in Boston. In 1961 he joined Chico Hamilton’s band. Later he played in Gary McFarland’s group; then, in 1965, he joined Charles Lloyd’s new quartet. Near the end of the 1960s, he was Cal Tjader’s, and again Gary McFarland’s partner. Initially he was interested in chamber jazz, and then turned to mainstream and the music of India, even recording some sitar pieces. In the 1970s, he followed the fusion movement. His important recordings are: Mizrab; Bacchanal; Dreams, Szabó 1969; Lena et Gábor (with Lena Horne); The Sorcerer; Wind, Sky and Diamonds; Live with Charles Lloyd, and Femme Fatale. He was famous for mixing jazz, pop/rock and Hungarian music. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7667.
Szabó, Gábor (2) (Gabriel) (Sárospatak, 2 January 1927 - Debrecen. 13 December 1996) – Biologist. He earned his Medical Degree from the University of Debrecen in 1951, after he had returned from Auschwitz, where the Germans interned him in 1944. From 1948 to 1951 he worked as a demonstrator in the Pharmaceutical Institute of the University of Debrecen. From 1951 he was a postgraduate student, from 1956 a lecturer, and he obtained a Masters Degree in Medicine. From 1959 he was an assistant professor and, from 1963 until his death, a professor at the University of Debrecen. He obtained his Ph.D. in Medicine in 1973, and became a member of the Hungarian Academy Sciences (correspondent in 1973, ordinary in 1982). Between 1960 and 1993 he was Director of the Biological Institute of the University; from 1963 to 1966 its Vice-Chancellor, and between 1973 and 1979 Chancellor. He worked for two periods (in 1956 and 1958) in the Antibiotic Research Institute of the Soviet Medical Academy. Later he conducted research in Copenhagen in 1964, and at the Rockefeller University of New York in 1971 and 1972. From 1987 to 1992 he acted as a counselor to the director of the World Health Organization (WHO). He also did research on the microbes that produce streptomycin, and on the question of the principle of human genetics. His works include Group-Wise Growth of Streptomyces in a Medium Containing Streptomycin (1957); Medical Biology (Orvosi biológia), with others (1970), and Autoregulators of Secondary Metabolite-producing Streptomycetes (1988). – B: 1730, T: 7456.
Szabó, György (George) (Dicsőszentmárton, now Diciosânmartin in Romania, 19 April 1920 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 10 May 2011) – Classicist, philologist. He studied at the University of Kolozsvár, obtaining a Ph.D. in 1944. He was also a trainee in the Transylvanian National Museum in Kolozsvár between 1941 and 1944. From 1944 to 1945 he was deported to the Soviet Union. Thereafter, he was a teacher in the Roman Catholic High-schools of Marosvásárhely (now Târgu Mureş, Romania) (1945-1947), and Gyulafehérvár (now Alba Iulia, Romania) (1946-1948). From 1948 on, he was assigned to various positions at the University of Kolozsvár, retiring from there as a professor in 1982. Since that time, he was a member of the editorial board of the Transylvanian HungarianWord History Magazine (Erdélyi Magyar SzótörténetiTár) (founded in 1975). He specialized in old Hungarian literature in Latin. His works include Translations from the Works of Greek Philosophers vols. i-iii (Forditások görög filozófusok müveiből, I-III), co-author (1951-1952); Antique Anecdotes (Antik anekdoták) (1970); Medieval Anecdotes (Középkori anekdoták) (1976); Antique Portraits (Antik Portrék) (1979); Deported Kolozsvár Residents in the Ural Mountains (Kolozsvári deportáltak az Uralban) (1994); Roman Historians (Római történetirók) (1997), and Joseph Benkő: Transsilvania Specialis vols. i,ii, translation, introduction and notes, 1999. – B: 1036, 1257, 1031, T: 7456.
Szabó, Gyula(1) (Julius) (Kunszentmiklós 15 July, 1930 - ) – Actor. His tertiary studies were at the Academy of Dramatic Art, Budapest ((1950-1954). Between 1945 and 1950, he worked at the Csonka Motor Factory, Budapest and also as an amateur actor. After graduation, he worked at the Youth Theater (Ifjúsági Színház), Pioneer Theater (Úttörő Színház), then in succession at the Petőfi, Jókai, Thália, Arizona, Artist (Művész) theaters in Budapest, (1954-1996). From 1996 he was a member of the Vörösmarthy Theater (Vörösmarthy Színház), Székesfehérvár. Since 1979 he has been a professor at the Academy, later the University of Dramatic Art, Budapest. His character and eloquence predestined him to the role of heroic and peasant roles, but his artistic talent also proved him to be excellent in performing as other characters. His many roles include Tiborc in J. Katona’s Bánk bán; Mihály Józsa in Gy. Illyés’ Torch-flame (Fáklyaláng); Boka in F.Molnár’s The Paul Street Boys (A Pál utcai fiúk); László Bíró in F. Karinthy’s House Dedication (Házszentelő); Mendel in Babel’s Twilight (Alkony); Rev. Kimball in Brecht-Weil’s Three-Penny Opera (Koldusopera), andViktor Csermlényi in I. Örkény’s Cat’s Play (Macskajáték). There are more than 40 feature and TV films to his credit, including Iron-flower (Vasvirág) (1958); Kid (Kölyök) (1959); The Promised Land (Az ígéret földje) (1961); The Captain of Tenkes (A tenkes kapitánya) (1964); Sándor Rózsa (1971, TV); King Lear (Lear király) (1978), and Twilight (Alkony) (1986, TV). He gave a solo performance in: Source of the Bible (A Biblia forrásai). He was awarded many prizes, among them the Mari Jászai Prize (1959, 1962), the titles of Merited Artist (1972) and Outstanding Artist (1981), the Kossuth Prize (2000), the Actor of the Nation (2006), and the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2007). – B: 0874, 1105, 1031, 1445, T: 7103.