Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Stew Pot – Name of a cauldron, made of copper or iron sheets, used for cooking, suspended on a pot-hanger over an open fire. In Hungary mostly shepherds use such cauldrons. – B: 1134, T: 3240.
Stibor (?, 1347 - died between 27 May and 23 November 1414) – Voivode (Vajda) of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). He originated from a noble Polish family named Ostoja, and entered the service of Hungarian King Lajos I (Louis the Great, 1342-1382). In 1383, he fought Ziemovit, the Polish Crown Prince. He joinied King Zsigmond I (Sigismund of Luxembourg) (1387-1437) against other pretenders of the Hungarian throne, and he became the most important supporter of King Zsigmond during the beginning of his rule. From 1388 to 1401 he was Land-Steward of Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), in 1394 that of Trencsén (now Trencin, Slovakia). Between 1395 and 1401, and 1409 and 1414 he was Voivode of Transylvania; and from 1410 to 1414 he was land-steward of Trencsén. As voivode of Transylvania (1392), he fought the Turks and the Vlach (Romanian) Voivode, Vlad. He participated in the battle of Naples. When Zsigmond was captured, Stibor voluntarily resigned his position, and attempted to obtain help from the Czech and Moravian states. When rebellion broke out in 1403, he gathered an army and occupied in quick sucession Nyitra (now Nitra, Slovakia), and Esztergom, and then he routed the rebel army in Trans-Danubia (Dunántúl). After the rebellion, he was for five years the Administrator of Income for the Archbishopric of Esztergom and the Bishopric of Eger. In 1410, he was the Leader of the Hungarian army sent to Poland. He received large estates for his services, received almost all the estates of Nyitra and Trencsen from King Zsigmond I. He granted market-town privileges to the central areas of his estates (Becko, Szenic, Modor and Szakolca). He established a hospital in Szakolca, and a provostship of the Augustine Order in Vágújhely (now Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia) (1414). He was buried in Krakow in one of the chapels of the Church of St. Catherine; his epitaph remained for posterity. – B: 0883, T: 7684.→Lajos I, King; Zsigmond, King.
Stigler, George Joseph (Seattle, WA, USA 17 January 1911 - Chicago, Ill., USA, 1 December 1991) – Economist in the USA. Her parents were immigrants from Europe; his grandmother on his mother’s side was Hungarian. He graduated from the University of Washington in 1931 with a B.A, then spent a year at Northwestern University, from which he obtained his M.B.A in 1932. It was during his studies at Northwestern that Stigler developed an interest in economics and also decided on an academic career. He enrolled at the University of Chicago in 1933 to study Economics, and went on to earn his Ph.D. In economics he was greatly influenced by Frank Knight, his dissertation supervisor. Among others, Milton Friedman had a great impact on his economic thinking. His teaching experience began in 1936 at Iowa State College, where he taught until 1938. He spent much of World War II at Columbia University, performing mathematical and statistical research for the Manhattan Project. Stigler is best known for developing the Economic Theory of Regulation, also known as capture, according to which the interest groups and other political participants will use the regulatory and coercive powers of government to shape laws and regulations in a way that is beneficial to them. He also carried out extensive research into the history of economic thought. Along with that, his most important contribution to economics was put forward in his landmark article entitled The Economics of Information. With it, Stigler essentially created a new area of study for economists. His 1962 article: Information in the Labor Market developed the theory of search unemployment. In his book: The Intellectual and the Marketplace, he proposed Stigler's Law of Demand and Supply Elasticities. Another essay, on Truth in Teaching, described the consequences of a (fictional) set of court decisions that held universities legally responsible for the consequences of teaching errors. Among his other books are: Capital and Rates of Return in the Manufacturing Industries, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton, N.J. (1963), Citizen and the State: Essays on Regulation (1975) and The Theory of Price, Fourth Edition (1987). Stigler was a founding member of the Mont Pelerin Society, and served as its president from 1976 to 1978. He was a key leader of the Chicago School of Economics, along with his close friend Milton Friedman. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1982. He also received the National Medal of Science in 1987. George Stigler was one of the great economists of the twentieth century. – B: 1031, T: 7103.→Friedman, Milton.
Stingl, Vince Ferenc (Vincent Francis) (Sopron, 23 May 1776 - ? around 1850) – Ceramic artist, the founder of the porcelain factory of Herend. At age 23 he became manager of the Schloegel Factory of Tata, and he experimented with producing terracotta pots. He invested all his wealth in this, and he left Tata in 1824 totally penniless. In 1825 he settled in Herend. Between 1826 and 1830, he spent about three and half thousand forints to promote the development of the factory in Herend. In 1840, Mór (Maurice) Fischer managed to oust him. He supposedly traveled to Pápa from there; then in 1847, we see his name in the terracotta and porcelain factory of Városlőd. Following that, his name disappears. Based on data here and there, we can deduce that he worked as an innkeeper. – B: 0883, T: 7684.→Herend.
Stollmann, Andrásné (Mrs. Andrew Stollmann, née Erzsébet Rózsás) (Ógyalla, now Hurbanovo, Slovakia, 9 November 1937 - ) – Artist. She completed her secondary education in 1956 in Rév-Komárom (now Kamárno, Slovakia). She studied art privately under Edit Feszty, Károly (Charles) Harmos and Král’ Fero. From 1965 to 1970 she studied at the Teachers’ College of Besztercebánya (now Banská-Bystrica, Slovakia), obtaining a teacher’s diploma. Living in Zsolna (now Žilina, Slovakia) and Ógyalla she mainly engaged in painting, graphic art, tapestry and murals. Her creations are determined by the problems arising from the relationship between man and nature, deriving inspiration from the form-world of nature. Between 1976 and 1990 she organized 48 group exhibitions, e.g. the one at Komárom. Individual exhibitions were held in Prague, 1975; Komárom, in the Danube-bank Museum (Dunamenti Múzeum) (1975, 1988), Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), in the Zoological Institute of the Slovakian Academy of Sciences) (1977), Besztercebánya, in the Teachers’ College (1979), Ógyalla, House of Culture (1979), Zsolna (1979, 1988), Zólyom (now Zvolen, Slovakia) (1987), and Dunaszerdahely (now Dunajská Streda, Slovakia), in the Museum of Csallóköz (now Zitny ostrov, Slovakia) (1988). Stollmann’s works include Roosters (Kakasok), colored ceramic relief, displayed in the House of Culture, Ógyalla (now Hurbánovo, Slovakia) (1977); The Tree of Life (Az élet fája), painted on board in the Registry Office hall, Újgyalla (now Dulovce, Slovakia) (1984), and The Desire of Life (Az élet vágya) tapestry in the registry office of Hetény (now Chotin, Slovakia) (1990). In 1970, in appreciation from the government, she received the grand prize of the Slovakian Ministry of Culture. In 1973, and again in 1975, she won first prize at the review of amateur artists at Máriatölgyes (now Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia), and at Breznóbánya (1973) and Zsolna (1975). She was awarded first prize in the national pedagogical competition. – B: 1083, T: 7456.
Stone Carving, Royal Workshops in Buda – The starting point of the Hungarian Renaissance, where the master carvers became acquainted with new forms under the guidance of Italian and Hungarian artists. The initial period left behind pieces in transitional style, half Gothic-motivated, half Renaissance. There are proofs of lively activities by the large number of carved fragments made of red marble or calciferous stone found on the edifices of King Mátyás I (Matthias Corvinus, 1458-1490) in Buda, Nyék, Visegrád and Tata. – B: 1144, T: 7675.
Storcz, Botond (Budapest, 30 January 1975 - ) – Sprint kayaker. Competing in two Summer Olympic Games he won three gold medals (K-2 500 m: 2000; K-4 1000 m: 2000, 2004). Storcz also won eleven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with four golds (K-1 500 m: 1997; K-1 1000 m: 1997; K-4 500 m: 1997; K-4 1000 m: 1999), five silvers (K-2 500 m: 1999; K-4 500 m: 1998; K-4 1000 m: 1997, 1998, 2001), and two bronzes (K-2 500 m: 2002; K-4 500 m: 1999). He competed from 1997 to 2004. He has been a member of the Budapest Honvéd FC sports club. Storcz works as a kayak coach at the University of Physical Education, Budapest. He was named the Sportsman of the Year in 1997; he is a recipient the Officer Cross of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2000) and the Middle Cross of the Republic of Hungary (2004). – B: 1031, T: 7103.
Straub, Ferenc Brunó (Francis Bruno) (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania, 5 January 1914 - Budapest, 15 February 1996) – Biochemist, research scholar and politician; he was also the President of the State Presidium (1988-1989). He studied at the University of Szeged and, from 1933 worked there in association with Albert Szent-Györgyi (1937-1939). He was granted a Rockefeller scholarship at the University of Cambridge and he did research in D. Keilin’s laboratory. In 1941 he became an honorary lecturer (privatdozent) and, from 1945, Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Szeged. From 1948 to 1970 he held the former chair of A. Szent-Györgyi’s at the University of Budapest. Straub carried out research in cell respiration, the functioning of muscles and the structure of enzymes; he discovered the yellow enzyme (Straub diaphorase), and the actin protein (the most important protein of the muscle). He created a new school in science. His works include General, Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (1950); Biochemistry (1958), and Enzymes, Molecules and Life-phenomena (1966). He was Vice-President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1967-1973, 1985-1990); Editor of the 4-volume Biological Encyclopedia (1975-1978), and also Editor of the periodical: Hungarian Science (Magyar Tudomány) (1983-1988). Besides his scientific work he was Vice-President of the International Atomic Energy Agency (1970-1978), and was Member of Parliament. In 1988 ans 1989, he was the last President of the Presidential Council of the People Republic of Hungary. He was President of the Settlement-Development and Environment-Protection Commission (1985-1988). He was a member of the German Leopoldina Academy, holder of a gold medal from the Academy (1981), and also of the Hufeland Medal, the national prize of the former German Democratic Republic. – B: 0881, T: 7456.→Szent-Györgyi, Albert.
Stróbl, Alajos (Aloysius) (Liptóújvár, now Liptovski Hradok, Slovakia, 21 June 1856 - Budapest, 13 December 1926) – Sculptor. He studied under K. Zumbusch in Vienna from 1886 to 1880. When he was only 26, he attracted notice with his statue Perseus (1882). For the then recently built Opera House, Budapest, he shaped two statues at the frontage and two sitting figures of Ferenc Erkel and Franz Liszt at the entrance. In 1893 he created a memorial statue of the great poet János Arany, which was placed in the garden of the Hungarian National Museum. In 1904 he sculpted the Matthias Fountain, erected in the Royal Castle of Buda. He created the equestrian statue of St Stephen at the Fisherman’s Bastion of the Royal Castle in 1906, as well as the Semmelweis Memorial in front of the Rókus Hospital. The ornamental statue on the Kossuth Mausoleum in the Kerepes Cemetery (1909) was also his work. Among his works in Budapest are the statue of Mór Jókai (1921); a composition entitled Reading Girls (1921); memorial of Sándor Károlyi; busts of József Eötvös and János Arany, as well as the Elizabeth Memorial. There is also a statue of János Arany in the town of Nagykőrös (1910). Strobl also modeled the sculpture of János Arany that was erected in the garden of the Hungarian National Museum, (1893), and a Memorial of Count István Széchenyi at Szeged (1914). He also created portraits in impressionist style, like his youthful selfportrait (1878); Young Woman (1916-1918), and that of painter Merse Szinyei (1918-1919), whose bust can also be seen on the artists’ promenade on Margaret Island in Budapest, the work of György Segesdy. Strobl’s sculptural art is characterized by sensitive realistic modeling. He was a much-liked personality of Hungarian sculptural art at the turn of the 19th to 20th centuries. He was awarded a number of honors in Hungary and abroad. One of his major works, the sculpture entitled Our Mother was rewarded with the Grand Prix at the World Fair of Paris in 1900. He was a leading figure at the turn of century in Hungarian sculpture. His art was characterized by sensitive, realistic modeling. As a portrait-sculptor of nearly 300 portraitures, he created an enduring legacy. For nearly 40 years from 1885 on, he was a teacher at the Budapest Creative Arts College. The effects of his pedagogic activities are immeasurable. A major part of his work is preserved in the National Gallery of Budapest. – B: 0883, 1031, 1445, T: 7456.→Ligeti, Miklós.
Stromfeld, Aurél (Aurelius) (Budapest, 19 September 1878 - Budapest, 10 October 1927) – Officer of the General Staff. He fought in World War I. In November 1918 he was, as a colonel, the commanding officer of the Ludovika Military Academy. Experiences he had on the Italian and Russian fronts disillusioned him from the system of the Monarchy. In the Labor Movement, he could see an organized strength that would supply a combat-worthy army that could lead the way out of the chaos after the civil Democratic Revolution. From 1918 he was a member of the SZDP, Social Democratic Party. From 1919 he was Military Under-Secretary. After the proclamation of the Hungarian Council (Soviet) Republic (Magyar Tanácsköztársaság) in 1919, he participated in forming the army. As an officer of the general staff of the Red Army, Stromfeld was one of the leaders in the victorious military actions in Northern Hungary (Felvidék, now Slovakia), invaded by the Czech Army. He did not agree with the withdrawal and the vacating of the freed territories, therefore he resigned. After the fall of the Soviet Republic in Hungary, he was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. He was stripped of his rank of colonel, as well as of his awards and his pension. He was freed in 1921, and undertook the job of a warehouseman; later he became a clerk and was very active in the Social Democratic Party (Szociál Demokrata Párt – SZDP). In 1923 he was arrested again, and was freed after six months. From 1923 he was in contact with the illegal Communist Party of Hungary (Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja – KMP), and worked as the leader of the left within the SZDP. From 1925 until his death, he was a member of the KMP. His works include The New War is Approaching (Készül az új háború) (1928), and Selected Writings of Aurel Stromfeld (Stromfeld Aurél válogatott írásai), compiled by Tibor Hetes (959). – B: 0883, T: 7684.→Ludovika Royal Hungarian Military Academy; Campaign of the Hungarian Red Army (1919); Council (Soviet) Republic of Hungary.
Sucsan Charles (Károly Szucsán) (Paris, 1932 - ) – Painter. He was born to Hungarian parents living in France. During World War II, his parents had to return to Hungary, thus he learned Hungarian as a child. They returned to Paris after the war. First, he studied piano, but soon switched to art. He studied drawing and painting and worked in the shop of his parents. In November 1956 he moved, with his wife and daughter, to Montreal, Québec, Canada, where he was employed in the Ministry of Immigration. He became acquainted with Hungarian freedom-fighter refugees and his interest turned to Hungarian history, which exercised an impact upon his art. As President of the Hungarian Trianon Committee, he delivered lectures on the tragic consequences of the dictated Trianon Peace Treaty (1920) at the World Federation of Hungarians in Budapest, in 2006. In the meantime, he created ceramic objects, yielding his first successes. In 1959 he left his employment and opened his art-studio. Between 1960 and 1980, he received a number of commissions for ceramic, cement and stucco ornaments for building walls, as well as for paintings. He also made oil and acrylic paintings, drawings, ink and pastel works. Sucsan was also involved in teaching for five years. Since 1980, he has concentrated on painting. In 1996, during a visit to a museum in Paris, he discovered the French translation of the original text of the ancient Epic of Gilgamesh. Influenced by it, he began painting his Gilgamesh-series. After recovering from a serious illness, he completed it in 12 large paintings, exhibited in the Gladston Hotel, Toronto, on 7 March 2009. In painting it, he used his own unique “stick style”, thereby he could integrate several other art concepts in synthesis with his own. His works are influenced by the great contemporary currents in art, re-fashioned by his own inspiration. He has several annual exhibitions at home and abroad. His works are kept in private and public collections. He participates in the Portfolio, Hope and Optimism, under the patronage of UNESCO. He is a recipient of the Medal of the Academic Society of Paris, the Distinction of Arts-Sciences-Lettres. – B: 2013, T: 7103.
Sugár, András (Andrew) (Budapest, 7 May 1933 - ) – Editor and reporter. He graduated from High School at the age of 17 and, in 1950, became a student with a scholarship at the Faculty of Law of the University of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) where, in 1956, he obtained a diploma summa cum laude in International Law. Early in 1957 he received a position as a translator, and from 1961, he was reporter for the Hungarian News Agency (Magyar Távirati Iroda – MTI) in Moscow, from where, in 1963, he was expelled by the Soviet organs without offering an explanation. From 1966 to 1971 he was the London reporter for the MTI, and also reported for the Hungarian Radio and for Hungarian papers, including those in Czechoslovakia. From late in 1971 he worked as the correspondent and first traveling reporter of Hungarian Television until mid 1994. During these years, in 102 countries, Sugár prepared political, cultural and educational films, reports, interviews in ten different languages, including interviews with Emperor Haile Selassie I, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, US Presidents George Bush and Jimmy Carter, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Nikita Khrushchev, Boris Yeltsin, Mikhail Gorbachev, Helmut Kohl, Jacques Chirac, Pierre Trudeau, Julius Nyerere, Alexander Dubček, Vaclav Havel, Fidel and Raúl Castro, George Soros, János (John) Kádár, József (Joseph) Antall, Gyula (Julius) Horn, Viktor Orbán and Ernő (Ernest) Rubik. In the MTV, he conducted the program The Week (A Hét) until 1980, later that of Panoráma. In 1987 he became Editor-in-Chief for The Week (A Hét); however, he lost this position because of his activity in the change of regime late in 1988. Sugár returned to Panorama, where he assisted the editor Alajos (Aloys) Chrudinák. He prepared an outstanding political film of the three-hour interview with Dubček in April 1989, with great reaction even abroad. In 1994, the MTV sent him into retirement against his wishes. Since 2006, he has been the peace-negotiator of the international Universal Peace Conference. His works include Mirror of England (Angliai tükör) (1978); My Open Secrets (Nyílt titkaim) (1985); Dubček Begins to Speak (Dubček megszólal) (in Hungarian and English (1989), and Secrets of Fifty Years – the Power and Myself (Ötven év titkai – a hatalom és én) (2008). In the MTV he produced four film reports, which were awarded festival prizes, in addition to other successful films. He also worked as a programmer of the MTV geographic educational series and worked as a translator and interpreter. He was presented with the Order of the Star (1986), For Polish Culture (1988), and numerous MTV Standard Prizes. – B: 1097, T: 7456.
Sugár Frigyes Péter (Frederick Peter) (Budapest, 5 January 1919 - Seattle, WA, USA, ?, 1999) – Historian. In 1939, fleeing from the spreading National Socialism in Europe, he emigrated to the USA. He earned a Ph.D. in History from Princeton University in 1959, and worked there as an instructor. In 1959, he went to the University of Washington in Seattle, where he was first a demonstrator; from 1963 to 1968 he was associate professor, and from 1968, a full professor. In the meantime, from 1973 to 1979 he was the Director of the Russian and East European Language and Area Center. In 1980-1982 he was President of the Western Slavic Association. He was a member of the editorial board of the journals Slavic Review (1976-1979) and Historical Abstracts (1979-1987). He was also President of the American Association for the Study of Hungarian History. His main field of research was the history of the Balkans and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from the 17th to the 19th centuries. He was a correspondent for a number of American and European scientific journals. Sugár was one of the leading specialists of his generation in the fields of Central Europe and the Balkans. In his last years, he was Professor Emeritus of History and International Studies at the University of Washington, WA. His published works include Industrialization of Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1878-1918 (1963); Nationalism in Eastern Europe, with Ivo J. Lederer (1969, 1971); Native Fascism in the Successor States, 1918-1945, editor (1971), and A History of East-Central Europe, co-edited with D. W. Treadgold (1974, 1977 and 1984). – B: 1672, T: 7456.
Sugár, Károly (Charles) (Storbeck) (Budapest, 2 November 1882 - Budapest, 20 July 1936) – The best walk-on actor of the Hungarian stage. After six years as a wandering actor, in 1907 he enrolled in the Academy of Dramatic Art; after finishing it, he was contracted in 1910 by the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. In 1922 he signed a contract with the Renaissance Theater (Renaissance Színház), but he returned to the National Theater before the year was out, and remained its member until his death. Between 1913 and 1918, because of illness, then because of military service and finally, because he was a prisoner of war in Russia, he did not act. In 1922 Sugár was awarded the Greguss award for his interpretation of Caliban in Shakespeare’s The Tempest (A vihar). The smallest episode role gained importance as a result of his interpretation. With his interpretation of odd, has-beens, derelicts, and half-witted figures, he represented a new style on the stage of the National Theater. His most important roles include Judas in Arnoul Gréban’s The True Mistery of the Passion (Igazi Passio); Dr. Rank in Ibsen’s Nora; Enstrand in Ibsen’s Ghosts (Gengangere – Kisértetek); Relling in Ibsen’s The Wild Duck (Vilanden – Vad kacsa); Apemantus in Shapespeare’s Timon of Athen (Atheni Timon); Sganarelle in Moliere’s Love is the Doctor (L'Amour Medecin – A szerelem mint orvos); Harpagon in Molilere’s The Miser (A fösvény), and Huhn in Hauptmann’s And Pippa Dances (Und Pippa tanzt! – És Pippa táncol). He appeared in feature films, e.g.: The Old Scoundrel (A vén gazember) (1932); Be Good Unto Death (Légy jó mindhalálig) (1936), and The 11th (1937). – B: 0883, 1445, T: 7684.

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