Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Szabács, Siege of – The first original historical song in Hungarian language. The author – whose dialect reflects the Abaúj-Zemplén-region terminology – probably participated in the 1476 siege of the fort and wrote his poem shortly after. He wrote down many details of the fight that his contemporary historians did not document, which were later substantiated by some authentic charters. As a true chronicler, he presented with witticism King Mátyás I’s superb qualities, his cunning, his bravery and his kindheartedness. His writing style is dry and he used the chanting style of a folk chronicle. The beginning of the song is missing, and the 150 lines of ten syllables were interpreted in several ways. For a while, it was deemed to be a forgery, due to some of its excellent rhyme pairs; but its authenticity is now generally accepted. It was found in 1871 in the Csicseri family archives. – B: 1150, 1230, T: 3240.→Mátyás I, King.
Szabad, György (George) (Arad, now in Romania, 4 August 1924 - ) – Historian and politician. He is a descendant of a Jewish middle-class family, whose Hungarian attitude brought about persecution by the Romanians (who were awarded Arad with the eastern strip of the Great Plains and all of Transylvania as a result of the Dictated Peace Treaty of Trianon in 1920). Until 1944 he worked as a gardener’s apprentice; and finally, he was called up for forced labor due to his Jewish origin, from which he escaped on 15 March 1944. In 1945 he also escaped from two weeks of Russian forced labor. In 1945 he was allowed to enroll in the History course at the University of Budapest, where he obtained a Degree in Education and a Degree in Librarianship. In 1949 he became Head of the National Archives. Until 1954, he worked at the University of Budapest and later he became Assistant Lecturer in the History Department, in 1956 Assistant Professor and, in 1970 he was appointed Full Professor. In 1994, he was made Professor Emeritus. Earlier, in 1969, he obtained an academic doctorate and became a member of the Historical Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1982 he became a correspondent member, in 1998 an ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From 1985 to 1990 he was President of the Hungarian-Polish Historians’ Joint Commission. Szabad also played a role in public life. In 1945-1946 he was a member of the Smallholders’ Party. During the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight against Russian occupation, he was elected a member of the Revolutionary Committee of the University of Budapest. After the Revolution (with the return of the Russian military occupation) he was pestered but no action was taken against him. He returned to political life in 1987, when he took part and spoke at the historic meeting at Lakitelek. It was then that he became a founding member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (Magyar Demokrata Fórum – MDF) and, in 1989, was elected into the Presidium of the Party and worked in it until 1994. In the 1990 parliamentary elections he received a MDF mandate; in 1990 he became Deputy-President of Parliament, and soon its President. He also received a mandate for the MDF in the 1994 parliamentary elections. In 1996 the party split, and he joined the Hungarian Democratic People’s Party (MDNP). In 1998 he was not elected to Parliament. His field of research is the civic changes in Hungary. His numerous studies include Guiding Principles of Kossuth (Kossuth irányadása) (2002), and The Re-read Governmental Program of József Antall (Antall József újraolvasott kormányprogramja) (2006). He received the Széchenyi Prize. – B: 1031, T: 7456.→Lakitelek, Consultation at.

Szabadi, Sándor (Alexander) (Kecskemét, 16 December, 1928 - Waldmichelbach, Germany, 5 April, 2012) – Minister of the Reformed Church, librarian and writer. He graduated from the Reformed High School of Kecskemét in 1947. His tertiary studies were at the Eötvös College of the University of Budapest, where he obtained a Degree in English Literature and Library Studies. He also earned a Degree from the Reformed Theological Academy of Budapest. He continued his postgraduate studies on a scholarship at Exeter College of the University of Oxford. He worked as an assistant minister in Kecskemét. In 1956 he participated in the renewal movement of the Reformed Church in Hungary. After the crushed 1956 Revolution, he was in an interment camp for nine months and had to resign from his ministerial position. For ten years, Szabadi worked as a librarian at the Horticultural Academy of Kecskemét, linked to the University of Budapest. He left Hungary with his family in 1972 and settled in Waldmichelbach in West Germany, where he worked as a teacher of English Language and Religion at the local state high school until his retirement. He participated in the life and activity of intellectual Hungarian immigrants in Western Europe. He wrote and published studies on Beckett, Thomas Mann, Dostojevskij, Thomas More, Karl Barth, László (Ladislas) Ravasz, as well as on social and ethical issues. He published more than 50 essays and articles. Some of his works remain unpublished. He wrote a book entitled “A Voice Crying in the Wilderness”: The Life and Age of Áron Szilády (“Kiáltó szó a pusztrában”. Szilády Áron élete és kora) (1993). For it he was granted an Honorary Doctorate by the Reformed Theological Faculty of the Gáspár Károli Reformed University of Budapest. He translated in prose Dante’s Divine Comedy in 2004. – B: 1963, T: 7103.→Szilády, Áron; Ravasz, László.
Szabadka (Serbian: Subotica; German: Maria-Theresiopel) – Town in the southern-part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve on the Great Hungarian Plain, near the present-time Hungarian-Serbian border. Administratively it is in the northern part of the former County Bács-Bodrog. Its population was 82,122 in 1901; 100,015 in 1931 and 100,219 in the 1990 census. The 1910 census figure of 94,610 comprised of 55,587 (58.8%) Hungarians, also 33,247 (35.1%) Bunyevats, 3514 (3.7%) Serbians and 1913 (2.0%) Germans; by religion: Roman Catholic 85,445 (90.3%), Jewish 3539 (3.8%), Greek Orthodox 3486 (3.7%) and Calvinist 1420 (1.5%). About half of the town’s population is engaged in farming in the rich fields of the extended municipal outskirts (puszta, 1980 km²). The inner part of the town has modern urban characteristics. Noteworthy buildings include the Town Hall, built early in the 20th century, the Palace of the Law Court, the St. Theresa Church, and the 15th century Franciscan Church. During the 20th century, the town underwent some development industrially, acquiring a fertilizer plant, a wagon factory, textile works and a soap manufacturing plant. It exports some of its agricultural products. Historically there was human settlement in the area as far back as the Stone Age. After the Magyar ingress, Hungarian clans settled on the town’s site. King Béla IV (1235-1270) founded a settlement in the area after the Mongol (Tartar) invasion (1241-1242). In documents, its name first appears as Zabotka or Zobotka in 1391. The area became the property of János Hunyadi in 1439. After the disastrous Battle of Mohács against the Ottoman Turks in 1526, for a while (1527-1542) the area was under the control of the peasant army of Nenad Cernoevic (Jovan Cherni, the “Black Czar”). From 1543 until 1686 it was part of the Ottoman Empire, in the Buda Vilayet. The Treaty of Karlowitz returned it to Hungary in 1699. It became a free town (market town) as Saint-Maria (Szent-Mária) in 1743, and in 1779 it was given the status of Royal Free Town by Empress Maria Theresa, and was renamed Maria-Theresiopolis (but this name was not adopted by the general population). Finally, it was officially renamed Szabadka in 1845. After the defeat of the Hungarian War of Independence (1848-1849), the area of the town was allocated to a new province, the Governorate of Temes, from 1849 to 1861. In 1918 the town was under Serbian occupation. The Dictated Peace Treaty of Trianon (1920) ceded the area to Yugoslavia; after its collapse the area was retaken by the Honvéd troops of Hungary on 12 April 1941; but the Treaty of Paris reallocated the Bácska area to Yugoslavia in 1947. Since the disintegration of Yugoslavia, it has been under the rule of Serbia. – B: 1031, 1068, 1582, 1789, 1816, 7456, T: 7456.
Szabados, Árpád (1) (Szatmárnémeti, now Satu Mare, Romania, 13 September 1896 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2 September 1945) – Actor and stage manager. On completing his secondary education, he began an engineering course at the Budapest Polytechnic, but gave it up; it did not suit his nature; instead he attended Szidi Rákosi’s School of Dramatic Art. During World War I, he was called up for military service on the Russian front, became a prisoner of war in Russia, where he organized a camp theater. After returning to Hungary, he worked as an actor and manager in various strolling companies. In 1937 he was invited by Imre Kádár to become the stage manager for the Thália Theater in Kolozsvár. In his theatrical work, he concentrated on fostering traditions as well as rendering classical values in contemporary ways. His stage management was characterized by competence, good taste, flawless plotting of action, and original ideas. Particularly well known was his series of open-air performances in Brassó (now Brasov, Romania) in 1938. His productions include F.R. Ibsen’s The Master Builder (Solness építőmester); J. Nyírő’s Herrgottschnitzer (Jesus-carving man – Jézus-faragó ember); Kodály’s Háry János; I. Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája), and J. Katona’s Bánk bán. His works include The Great Law (A nagy törvény), and The Black Motorcar (A fekete autó). – B: 1445, T: 7456.→Kádár, Imre.
Szabados, Árpád (2) (Szeged, 18 March 1944 - ) – Painter and graphic artist. He completed the Academy of Applied Art in Budapest in 1968. From 1969 to 1974, he was a senior teacher at the Training College of the University of Budapest. From 1970 to 1984 he founded and directed the training workshop of the National Gallery. Between 1975 and 1990 he worked as art-editor of Moving World (Mozgó Világ). He prepared a fine arts program for children on Hungarian Television. His original programs are: Magic Scissors (Varázsolló); Play in the Training Workshop and 7 Color-worlds. From 1984 he was a lecturer at the Academy of Applied Art; from 1991 professor and Head of Department and, from 1995 to 2002, its Rector. He had over eighty individual exhibitions and took part in more than twohundred international and national exhibitions. His works are held in the Metropolitan Gallery, the Art Gallery, the Municipal Gallery and the Petőfi Literary Museum in Budapest. He was awarded more than thirty prizes, among them the Grand Prix of the International Drawing Biennale of Ljubjana, the International Fine Arts Biennale, Ankara, International Graphic Biennale, and in Krakow. His writings include Engraving and Printing (Metszés és nyomtatás) (1972). He received the Munkácsy Prize and the Merited Artist title. – B: 0874, 1837, T: 7456.
Szabados, Béla (Pest, 3 June 1867 - Budapest, 15 September 1936) – Composer and music teacher. At the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, he was a student of Gyula (Julius) Erkel, Robert Volkmann and János (John) Koessler. From 1888 to 1893 he was a teacher at the School of Dramatic Art. From 1893 to 1933 he taught composition at the Academy of Music. In the meantime he was also director of the National Music School (Nemzeti Zenede). Besides his prize-winning Lieder, choral works and string quartets, he became known for his setting to music the Hungarian Credo (Magyar Hiszekegy). His singspiel- and operetta-like pieces lend to his works an intimate, French lyrical character and early Wagnerian style, blended with Hungarian-like elements, which were popular around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was the author of the technical Choir School Manual (1910), and edited the series entitled Lieder (Műdalok). His works include Four Kings (Négy király) (1890); Rika (1895), The Fool (A bolond) (1898); Mária (1905); Istók the Fool) (Bolond Istók) (1922), and Fanny (1925). – B: 1445, T: 7456.→Koessler, János.
Szabados, György (George) (Budapest, 13 July 1939 - Budapest, 10 June 2011) – Composer, piano artist and jazz pianist. His father was a physician, his mother a pianist, singer and singing teacher. He studied Medicine at the University of Budapest, but was more attracted by music. His talent to play and compose music was evident at an early age. From 1963 he studied music privately with János (John) Mérnök, and had his debut in 1955; in 1963 his first performance consisted of musical improvisations. He won the Grand Prize at the San Sebastian Jazz Competition, in the category of Free Jazz, in 1972. From 1975 to 1978 he was in charge of the Contemporary Musical Workshop at the Kassák Club in Budapest. In 1983 he founded the Hungarian Royal Court Orchestra (Magyar Királyi Udvari Zenekar) and the Free Music Open Club. From the 1980s he was able to give concerts abroad and make recordings. He has performed together with Roscoe Mitchell and Anthony Braxton, with Peter Kowald, Johannes and Connie Bauer, Fred van Hove, Evan Parker, Jiri Stivin, Hans-Ludwig Petrowsky, and Vladimir Tarasov to name just a few. Szabados has composed music for a ballet (Iván Markó); for dance theatre (Joseph Nadj); for commemorating the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, ritual music, and several solo piano, as well as chamber pieces. His powerful and unique musical vocabulary constitutes an individual direction in the music of today. He regularly publishes writings on musical subjects. His compositions include B-A-C-H experiences (B-A-C-H élmények) (1964); Time-music (Idő-zene) for string orchestra (1980), and Golden Age (Aranykor) for piano (1998). His records include The Wedding (Az esküvő) (1975); The Passing of Time (Az idő múlása) (1999), and The Heart of Beauty (A szépség szíve) (2004). His activity in the musical field determined the thinking and world-view in art for a whole generation. Szabados is a well-known character of contemporary improvised music all over Europe.. A good deal of his music is influenced by Hungarian folk-music, mainly from Transylvania. He is “unofficial king” of the Hungarian free jazz movement since the 1960s. In 1983 he was awarded the Franz Liszt Prize, in 2000 the For Hungarian Art Prize, and in 2011 the Kossuth Prize. – B: 0874, 1839, T: 7103, 7456.→Kassák, Lajos; Bartók, Béla.
Szabados, Miklós (Nicholas) (Budapest, 7 March 1912 - Sydney, Australia, 12 February 1962) – Table-tennis player. He was a Hungarian and an Australian table tennis champion. Early on, he developed a passion for the game. From 1928 to 1935, Szabados captured six World Doubles titles (1929-1932 and 1934-1935 with V. Barna), three Mixed Doubles (1930, 1931, and 1934 with M. Mednyanszky), and five times was a member of the Hungarian World Championship (Swaythling Cup) Team (1929-1931, 1934, and 1935). In 1931 he won all four World events – men’s Singles, Doubles, Mixed Doubles, and the Swaythling Cup. He began studying engineering at the University of Berlin but, being of Jewish descent, even though he was raised in the Catholic faith, he fled to Paris in 1933, and then to Britain in 1936. In 1937, Szabados and István (Stephen) Kelen embarked on a two-year exhibition tour of the Far East, South America and Australia. He returned to Australia in 1939 and settled in Sydney. By 1941 he owned a table-tennis club. In World War II, he was called up by the Allied Works Council and served as a truck driver. He won the Australian Table Tennis Championship in singles (1950 and 1952), doubles (1950) and mixed doubles (1955). Operating in table-tennis academies, he was prominent in coaching younger players, including his son Sándor. Szabados won 15 World Championship titles, including the World Singles Crown in 1931. He was one of the two most successful table-tennis champions of his time, the other being Viktor Barna. Szabados was inducted into the International Table-Tennis Foundation Hall of Fame in 1993. – B: 1031, T: 7103.
Szabédi, László (Székely) (Sáromberke, now Dumbrǎvioara, Transylvania, Romania, 7 May 1907 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 19 April 1959) – Poet, literary historian. He studied Unitarian Theology and Philosophy at the Universities of Kolozsvár, Budapest and Strassbourg. From 1931 he was an outside consultant of the Kolozsvár daily, Opposition (Ellenzék). From 1940 he was a teacher in the village of Baré (Bǎrǎi, in County Kolozs). From 1941 (when Northern Transylvania was returned to Hungary by the Second Vienna Award) he became the drama critic of the National Theater of Kolozsvár. From 1942 he worked as one of the editors of the journal Harvest (Termés). In 1944 he was the organizer of the Hungarian Folk Council (Magyar Népi Szövetség). After World War II, in 1945, when all of Transylvania came under Romanian rule, Szabédi became Director of the Szekler Museum in Sepsiszentgyörgy, and a teacher at the Szekler Mikó College. From 1947 until his death, he was a professor at the University of Kolozsvár. He committed suicide. He was an important figure in the Hungarian literary life of Transylvania in Romania. He also translated literary works from Romanian and collected and translated Romanian folk literature. His selected poems were also published in Romanian translation. His works include Délia, dramatic poem (1936); Wit and Charm (Ész és bűbáj), studies (1943); Full Moon (Telehold), poems (1944)), and Language and Literature (Nyelv és irodalom, studies (1956). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.→Vienna Award II.
Szabó, Aladár (Tác, 13 December 1860 - Gödöllő, 26 April 1914) – Minister of the Reformed Church and writer. From 1887 he was a teacher at the Reformed High School of Budapest and, from 1888, professor at the Reformed Theological Academy of Budapest. In 1890 he obtained a Ph.D. in Arts from the same Academy. From 1905 to 1938 he worked as a minister in Budapest. He was founder of the Bethánia Association, which was one of the promoters of revival in the Reformed Church. In 1892, together with his wife, he set up the Zsuzsanna Lorántffy Society. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he sharply criticized the conservative trends in the Church. He demanded improvement in the social conditions. He was also active in caring for the poor and in the settlement of the cases of orphans and domestic servants. He was Editor of several Reformed journals. His works include Locke (1890;, The Future of Philosophy (A filozófia jövője) (1890), and Through Grace (Kegyelem által), autobiography (1941). – B: 0883, T: 7456.→Bethania CE Alliance; Lorántffy, Zsuzsanna.
Szabó, Alajos (Aloysius) (Nagyenyed, now Aiud, Romania, 14 October 1818 - Budapest, 13 March 1904) – Veterinarian and journalist. He obtained his Degree in Veterinary Sciences in 1844, and his Surgical and Obstetrician’s Degree at the University of Pest in 1845; also in 1845, he was on a study tour inVienna, Berlin and Heidelberg. From 1846 he was a lecturer at the Veterinary Institute of the University. In 1848 he was a Honvéd (army) doctor of the Jászkun battalion. From 1851 he was a professor at the Veterinary Institute and, between 1852 and 1875, was its Director. In the 1850s, he became a member of the medical committee working against the eastern cattle-plague, which played a part in its elimination in Hungary. In 1876 he founded a private teaching institute in Rákospalota. He worked also as a journalist and editor under the name of Dr. Egyedi. From 1856 to 1862 he published the Hungarian People’s Paper (Magyar Néplap), and the Pester Herald (Pesti Hírnök). From January 1868, together with György (George) Klapka and Móric (Maurice) Szentkirályi, he launched the paper, Our Century (Századunk), which, in late 1869, merged with the Pester Journal (Pesti Napló), where he remained editor until his death. His works include Canine Rabies or Madness (Veszettség vagy ebdüh) in Hungarian (1850), later in German, Slovakian, Romanian and Serbian translation, and The Anatomy and Biology of Domestic Mammals (1877). – B: 1730, T: 7456.
Szabó, Attila T. (törpényi) (Fehéregyháza, now Albeşti, Transylvania, Romania, 12 January 1906 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, Romania, 7 March 1987) – Reformed minster, linguist, lexicologist, local historian, archivist, historian of literature, music and ethnographer. He spent most of his childhood in Dés (now Dej, Romania) in the Szamos River valley. He completed his studies in Theology at the Reformed Church College and the University of Kolozsvár, as a student of Bálint (Valentine) Csüri, Sándor (Alexander) Tavaszy and Lajos (Louis) Kelemen. He went to Great Britain on a scholarship, to the Universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews. He was ordained minister of the Reformed Church in 1928, and obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Debrecen in 1934. He started his scholarly activities in the archives of the Transylvanian Museum at Kolozsvár in 1926. Szabó’s former teacher, Bálint (Valentine) Csüri, encouraged him to carry out linguistic, historical and dialectical research; he accompanied Csüri on his research trip to the area of the Csángó-Hungarians, outside (east of) the Eastern Carpathians in 1929. After briefly working as a teacher at the Nagyenyed (Aiud) College and the Reformed Church College of Zilah, he became an archivist with his other former teacher, Lajos Kelemen, as an associate in the Transylvanian Museum. From 1942 (when Northern Transylvania was returned to Hungary by the Second Vienna Award) he was Professor of Hungarian Linguistics at the University of Kolozsvár until his retirement, while he was also Head of the Transylvanian Museum and the Scientific Institute of Transylvania. He edited the Transylvanian Museum (Erdélyi Múzeum), the Transylvanian Scientific Fascicules (Erdélyi Tudományos Füzetek) (1941-1947) and the Hungarian Vernacular (Magyar népnyelv), with Géza Bárczi (1941-1943). At about the same phase of his scholarly career he was a senior associate on the great Atlas of the Hungarian Dialects (eds. L. Deme & S. Imre). The magnum opus of his life’s many-faceted research activities is his multi-volume Transylvanian Hungarian Etymological Collection (Erdélyi Magyar Szótörténeti Tár) (I-IV in Bucharest, 1975, 1978, 1984; and V-VI, in Budapest, 1993). It has become a monumental and unique set of fourteen volumes, continued after the sudden death of Attila Szabó by an editorial board of nine co-workers, including one of his sons, Zsolt Szabó, on the basis of his father’s collection of 1.5 millions etymological cards. A selected collection of his works was published in 6 volumes (1970-1985). His works include The Importance and Method of Place-name Collecting (A helynévgyűjtés jelentősége és módszere) (Magyar Nyelv, 1934); History of the Transylvanian Museum Society and its Tasks (Az Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület története és feladatai) (1942); Toponyms of Kalotaszeg (Kalotaszeg helynevei) (1942), and Language and Settlement (Nyelv és település) (edited posthumously by another son, Ádám T. Szabó) (1988). [See two articles about him in Hungarian Past (Magyar Múlt) (15, 1987 and 25, 1998)]. Attila Szabó also arranged the publication of From the Life of our Mother Tongue in 1970, vols. i-iv of his great 12-volume book, under the title Transylvanian Hungarian Word History Collection between 1975-1985. The Dezső Pais Commemorative Medal (1986) is the last of the awards he received in his lifetime. In 1986 he was made an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. – B: 1197, 1153, 0883, 7456; T: 7669, 7456.→Bárczi, Géza.


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