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MADISON WAS AN ELITIST WHOSE THEORIES FAVORED ONLY RICH LANDOWNERS
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MADISON WAS AN ELITIST WHOSE THEORIES FAVORED ONLY RICH LANDOWNERS1. MADISON WANTED TO PROTECT THE RICH MINORITY AGAINST THE MAJORITY Noam Chomsky, Professor of Linguistics at the Massachussets Institute of Technology, Z MAGAZINE, June 1997, p. 8. Furthermore, the leading Framer of the constitutional system was an astute and lucid political thinker, James Madison, whose views largely prevailed. In the debates on the Constitution, Madison pointed out that in England, if elections ``were open to all classes of people, the property of landed proprietors would be insecure. An agrarian law would soon take place,'' giving land to the landless. The system that he and his associates were designing must prevent such injustice, he urged, and ``secure the permanent interests of the country,'' which are property rights. It is the responsibility of government, Madison declared, ``to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority.'' To achieve this goal, political power must rest in the hands of ``the wealth of the nation,'' men who would ``sympathize sufficiently'' with property rights and ``be safe depositories of power over them,'' while the rest are marginalized and fragmented, offered only limited public participation in the political arena. 2. A CONSENSUS OF MADISONIAN SCHOLARS AGREES HE WAS AN ELITIST Noam Chomsky, Professor of Linguistics at the Massachussets Institute of Technology, Z MAGAZINE, June 1997, p. 8. Among Madisonian scholars, there is a consensus that ``The Constitution was intrinsically an aristocratic document designed to check the democratic tendencies of the period,'' delivering power to a ``better sort'' of people and excluding ``those who were not rich, well born, or prominent from exercising political power.'' These conclusions are often qualified by the observation that Madison, and the constitutional system generally, sought to balance the rights of persons against the rights of property. But the formulation is misleading. Property has no rights. In both principle and practice, the phrase ``rights of property'' means the right to property, typically material property, a personal right which must be privileged above all others, and is crucially different from others in that one person's possession of such rights deprives another of them. When the facts are stated clearly, we can appreciate the force of the doctrine that ``the people who own the country ought to govern it,'' ``one of [the] favorite maxims'' of Madison's influential colleague John Jay, his biographer observes.
Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He died El-Hajj Malik al-Shabazz on February 21, 1965 when he was assassinated in New York City. At age 15 he dropped out of school, and shortly thereafter jumped a train to New York City. After several years of criminal activity, Malcolm was sent to prison for burglary, where he stayed from 1946-1952. During his time in prison, Malcolm formulated many of his critical thoughts on racism, civil disobedience, and human rights. Malcolm also engaged in several debates about race relations between blacks and whites in the United States while in prison. His positions in these debates were influenced remarkably by the beliefs of Elijah Muhammad, the founder of the Nation of Islam. Shortly after leaving prison in 1952, Malcolm dedicated his life to the Nation and changed his name to Malcolm X. Malcolm married Betty X, another member of the Nation of Islam in 1958, and was suspended from the Nation in December 1963 for allegedly usurping Elijah Muhammad’s role as spiritual leader. In 1964, Malcolm converted to true Islam and founded the Muslim Mosque, Inc. in the United States. April 22 of that same year, Malcolm traveled to Mecca to make his hajj (pilgrimage), completing his conversion. Malcolm’s hajj experience encouraged him to make several journeys to Africa and found the Organization of Afro-American Unity on June 28, 1964. Malcolm devoted the rest of his life to promoting ties between the black plight in the United States and the colonized peoples of Africa, until his death in 1965. MALCOLM X IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTMalcolm X taught many important values through the Nation of Islam and the Moslem Mosque, Inc. which can be useful in Lincoln-Douglas debate. In particular, Malcolm’s beliefs human rights and civil disobedience in the context of racism in the United States provide diverse options for criteria and values on a plethora of topics. Malcolm developed these beliefs during the United States Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s. The Civil Rights Movement was a series of protests by blacks living in the United States designed to eliminate their inferior status before the law throughout the country. Signs such as “Whites Only” were only the most visible manifestations of the Jim Crow laws they protested. Malcolm, along with Martin Luther King, Jr., was one of the foremost advocates for black equality. Unlike MLK, though, Malcolm believed that equality through integration was impossible due to the long history of slavery in the United States. Instead, Malcolm fought for a return to Africa subsidized by the oppressor (the U.S. government). Barring this fantastical feat, Malcolm thought that black America should live separate from white society, advocating the establishment of a new country for blacks currently living in the United States of America. These views placed him fundamentally at odds with other Civil Rights Movement leaders. Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! Download 5.81 Mb. Share with your friends:
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