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- GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO SERVE SOCIETY
- PURPOSE OF SOCIETY IS TO SECURE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE
BIBLIOGRAPHYAldridge, Alfred Owen. An Answer to Paine’s Right's of Man. Louisville, Kentucky: Lost Cause Press, 1978 . Thomas Paine’s American Ideology. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984. Ayer, A.J. Thomas Paine’s American Ideology. New York: University of Delaware Press, 1984. Caute, David. “Man of Rights,” New Statesman and Society. 2 (July 7, 1989) 12-3. Citizen of the World: Essays on Thomas Paine. Edited by Ian Dyck. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988. Claeys, Gregory. Thomas Paine: Social and Political Thought. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Davidson Edward H. Paine. Scripture. and Authority: The Age of Reason as Religious and Political Ideal. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Lehigh University Press, 1984. Edwards, Samuel. Rebel! A Biography of Tom Paine. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1974. Foner, Eric. Tom Paine and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Hawke, David Freeman. ~ New York: Harper & Row, 1974. Malcolm, Andrew H. “This Now-Forgotten Hero Lived a Memorable Life,” The New York Times 141 (January 14, 1992), p. B14, col 5. Naraghi, Ehsan. ‘The Republic’s Citizens of Honor,” UNESCO Courier (June 1989): 12-16. Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. and Other Political Writings. Edited with an introduction by Nelson F. Adkins. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1953. Paine, Thomas. Political Writings. Edited by Bruce Kuklick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Paine, Thomas. Rights of Man.. New York: Penguin Book, 1984. Paine, Thomas. The Selected Works of Tom Paine & Citizen Tom Paine. New York: Modem Library, 1945. Paine, Thomas. Thomas Paine Reader. Edited by Michael Foot and Isaac Kraninick. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Paine, Thomas. The Writings of Thomas Paine. Edited by Moncure Daniel Conway. New York: B. Franklin, 1968. Roditi, Edouard. “Tom Paine, Radical Democrat,” Dissent. 35 (Spring 1988): 23 1-2. Thompson, Tommy R. “The Resurrection of Thomas Paine in American Popular Magazines,” ]7. The Midwest Quarterly 33 (Autumn 1991): 75-8. Williamson, Audrey. Thomas Paine: His Life. Work. and Times. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1973. Wilson, Jerome D., and William F. Ricketson. Thomas Paine. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO SERVE SOCIETY1. GOVERNMENT EXISTS AS A COMPACT BETWEEN PEOPLE Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p. 86-7. The fact therefore must be that the individuals themselves, each in his own personal and sovereign tight, entered into a compact with each other to produce a government; and this is the only mode in which governments have a right to arise and the only principle on which they have a right to exist. 2. GOVERNMENT PROMOTES HAPPINESS BY RESTRAINING OUR VICES Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p.4. Society is produced by our wants, and government by our wickedness; the former promotes our happiness positively by uniting air affections, the latter negatively by restraining our vices. The one encourages intercourse, the other creates distinctions. The first is a patron, the last a punisher. 3. FORMATION OF GOVERNMENT IS NECESSARY FOR FREEDOM AND SECURITY Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p.6.
Here then is the origin and rise of government, namely, a mode rendered necessary by the inability of moral virtue to govern the world; here too is the design and end of government, viz., freedom and security. And however our eyes may be dazzled with show or our ears deceived by sound, however prejudice may warp our wills or interest darken our understanding, the simple voice of nature and reason will say it is right. PURPOSE OF SOCIETY IS TO SECURE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE1. PEOPLE ENTER INTO SOCIETY TO HAVE RIGHTS SECURED Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p. 84. We have now to consider the civil rights of man and to show how the one originates from the other. Man did not enter into society to become worse than we was before, nor to have fewer rights than he had before, but to have those rights better secured. His natural rights are the foundation of all his civil rights. 2. CIVIL RIGHTS ARE GRANTED IN SOCIETY Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p. 84. Natural rights are those which appertain to man in right of his existence. Of this kind are all the intellectual tights, or rights of the mind, and also all those rights of acting as an individual for his own comfort and happiness which are not injurious to the natural rights of others. Civil rights are those which appertain to man in right of his being a member of society.
Thomas Paine, Political Propagandist, COMMON SENSE AND OTHER POLITICAL WRITINGS, 1953, p. 84. The natural rights which are not retained are all those in which, though the right is perfect in the individual, the power to execute them is defective. They answer not his purpose. A man, by natural tight, has a right to judge in his own cause, and so far as the right of the mind is concerned he never surrenders it; but what avails of the mind is concerned he never surrenders it; but what avails it him to judge if he has no power to redress? He therefore deposits his right in the common stock of society and takes the arm of society, of which is a part, in preference and in addition to his own.
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