Project on Standards and Regulation regarding a Bird Strike
Cost Of Aircraft By Striking Birds
Download 150.39 Kb.
|
- Navigate this page:
- 2.3.2 Indirect costs
- 2.3.3 Ancillary costs
- 2.3.4 Hull-loss and fatalities costs
- 2.3.5 The total annual cost of bird strikes
- 3 WILDLIFE-STRIKE PREVENTION: THE SYSTEM SAFETY APPROACH
2.3 Cost Of Aircraft By Striking BirdsThe total cost of a wildlife strike is the sum of the direct, indirect, ancillary, hull-loss fatality and legal liability costs. 2.3.1 Direct costsThe direct costs refer to those incurred within the repair or replacement of broken parts, and include the actual price of the parts, labour and the overhead cost related with the labour. Industry data on these direct repair costs are available, but limited analysis has been done to isolate wildlife-strike repair prices from other foreign object damage (FOD) costs. The under-reporting of wildlife strikes reveals that the amounts indicated in related repair-cost data are going to be low. In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reports an average direct cost for damaging strikes between year 1991 and 1999 of approximately USD$90,000 [8]. 2.3.2 Indirect costsWildlife strikes can also generate a large number of indirect costs for aircraft operators. Indirect costs are impacted by the extent of damage to the aircraft, distance from the operator’s closest repair base, size of the airline fleet and the operator’s type of business. Indirect costs can include some or all of the following:
2.3.3 Ancillary costsAncillary costs square measure are incurred by the airport owner or operator, regulatory authorities, other airport users and emergency-response agencies that must deal with the results of bird or mammal strikes. Ancillary costs include:
2.3.4 Hull-loss and fatalities costsAlthough military aircraft have not been so lucky, there are no known recent aircraft hull-loss accidents involving large civilian passenger jets caused by wildlife strikes. Numerous close calls, however, support the concern that a catastrophic bird-strike accident may happen in the near future. The prices related with such an accident would be astronomical. New-aircraft costs are steady rising. In 1996, there have been over 1,000 aircraft in operation or on order, valued at over USD$100 million each [8]. A replacement Boeing 747-400 is valued at more than USD$250 million. Recent passenger liability awards in the U.S. approach $2.5 million per passenger death amounts that are not likely to decline [8]. Applying these figures, the cost of a bird-strike accident resulting in the loss of a new B747 or similar large aircraft carrying 300 to 400 passengers could easily exceed more than USD$1 billion costs directly associated with an accident and the resulting legal liabilities. As noted earlier, indirect and ancillary costs will also be important. Even a worst accident involving an older model narrow-body passenger jet such as a B737-200 or a DC-9 could easily acquire costs approaching USD$100 million [8]. 2.3.5 The total annual cost of bird strikesMost offered damage cost information data relates to airline and different multi-engine, turbine-powered, commercially operated aircraft. There is very little data about damage costs for helicopters and even less regarding damage costs for general aviation aircraft, which comprise approximately 339,000 privately registered aircraft worldwide. Available assessment of the annual damage costs from wildlife strikes are also dramatically changed by major hull loss accidents, which can greatly boost damage cost statistics for a given year. Properly documented multiyear data is required if the industry hopes to determine true long-term average costs [8]. In spite of limitations, available information still give sufficient proof that wildlife-strike costs are a significant portion of an airline’s annual aircraft operating costs. Anecdotal reports provided by executives from a failed North American start-up airline suggest that the cost associated with bird-strike damage to their fast was a contributing cause of their failure. Recent information supplied by airline executives suggests that 40 percent of United Airlines’ annual costs from FOD were incurred as a result of bird strikes. Robinson (1996) reported that one U.K. airline measurement that birds accounted for about 20 percent of FOD costs. If we count 30 percent across the industry as a whole, then the total cost is between USD$64 million and USD $107 million, based on measurement aviation-industry FOD costs of approximately USD$320 million per year [8]. 3 WILDLIFE-STRIKE PREVENTION: THE SYSTEM SAFETY APPROACHAirports around the world are using many different bird strike prevention methods. Prevention methods vary widely because no two airports are the same. When airports choose a prevention method, they must not only consider their own property, but also the environment surrounding their property. Prevention methods should target bird attractants rather than bird population at airports especially where birds are a protected species. The following methods rely on different techniques to reduce bird strikes including reducing bird population, making land less desirable to birds, scaring birds away, and predicting bird movement. Directory: home home -> 0 1 Integer Linear Programs home -> Math 4630/5630 Homework 4 Solutions Problem Solving ip home -> Getting To Outcomes® in Services for Homeless Veterans 10 Steps for Achieving Accountability home -> Tiger Leaps Progress Update from Tenafly High School March 28, 2012 English home -> Материалы для подготовки к устному экзамену по английскому языку home -> Gregory D. Bothun as of 2013 University of Oregon Department of Physics home -> Peggy schaller saisir le désordre : Expressions littéraires de la catastrophe; modalités et enjeux de sa verbalisation home -> The Writings of home -> Eine Bibliographie MÜnchen 2009 home -> T. R. Berkshire Notes and Drafts for History of the College Download 150.39 Kb. Share with your friends:
|