SECTION 3: ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

SECTION 3: ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

1.10impacts related to the input/outputs of the life cycle phases

These impacts are evaluated and assessed for their effects on the affected (receiving) environment in Chapter 4.

Table 12: Construction Phase : Input/Output Related Impacts (Duration 24 Months)

Input	Impact		Output	Impact
Excavation			Stockpiling of spoil material	Displacement of fauna & flora (f & f)
The module	Surface disturbance and displacement of fauna and flora.
Service trenches	Temporary displacement of fauna and flora (f & f)
Dewatering of excavation until Module construction has advanced to surface level	Temporary localised change in water table depth		Saline effluent released to the sea	Nil
Building materials supplied from commercial sources	Accelerated production at mines/supply sources		Increased traffic	Risk of accidents
Construction equipment	Capital expenditure, employment Energy expenditure Noise, dust and emissions and maintenance waste	Construction works	Temporary disruption of the biophysical environment. Construction waste & Domestic waste
Capital	Stimulation of economy on a local to international level	Completed module	Visual (aesthetics)
Employment
Construction	Housing requirements Service requirements (materials, water, sewage, telecoms, energy, schools, health etc). Emergency Plan (EP) for Koeberg.	Temporary/Permanent stimulation of economy Improved levels of income Change to Koeberg Emergency Plan	Communicable disease. Capacity of service provides and facilities e.g. Authorities, professional and commercial capabilities
Component manufacturing			Stimulation of the local/regional economy.
Transmission upgrades	Localised construction activities	Linkage to the national grid for supply and demand	Increased reliability of the network

Table 13: Commissioning Phase : Input/Output Related Impacts (Duration 6 Months)

Input	Impact		Output	Impact
Cold Commissioning
Nitrogen gas	Nil		Assurance MPS integrity assurance	Nitrogen Helium emissions
Energy (Electricity)	Use of energy for non production		Operate the turbo compressor(s) and drive the helium cycle.	Nil
Sea water	Nil		Thermal sea water @1.7m3/s and a delta temp of 40°C	Hot water plume within the near shore marine environment that may affect the F & F.
Potable water	Use of additional fresh water resource(s)		Water for human consumption and use; Water for the intermediate cooling cycle & Demineralised water.	Effluent Domestic
Labour	Increased levels of permanent employment		Increase in income and stimulus to local economy	Increased demands on local services and facilities (professional, commercial and authority capacities)
Hot Commissioning
Fuel spheres	Special safety and security measures for fissile material.		Heat that is employed to generate electricity. Operation of the Plant.	Spent fuel that contains HLRW. Radioactive waste LLW & ILW
Graphite	Nil		Moderation to the nuclear fission reaction	Radioactive waste LLW & ILW
Helium Gas	International purchases of Helium gas.		Reactor coolant and turbine drive fluid	Helium emissions
Impacts 3, 4 & 5 above			As above	As above
Protective Clothing/Equipment Replacement parts	Nil		Radioactive Waste emissions, Effluents, Solid Wastes	Radioactive and inert wastes

Table 14: Operational Phase : Input/Output Related Impacts (Duration  40 Years)

Input	Impact		Output	Impact
Nuclear fuel spheres	Safety (radiological) and security		Heat that is converted to produce electricity.	Spent fuel
Graphite	Nil		Moderation of the nuclear reaction	Radioactive waste
Helium Gas	Outflow of currency since it due to importation		Reactor coolant and medium to drive the turbine generator.	Gaseous emissions (Helium) Production of electricity
Sea water	Nil		Thermal sea water @ 1.7m3/s at a delta temperature of 40°C.	Hot water plume in the near shore marine environment that may affect the fauna and flora
Potable water	Additional use of fresh water resource(s)		Water for human consumption and use. Water for the intermediate cooling cycle & demineralised /decontamination water.	Domestic effluent Radioactive effluents
Labour	Increased levels of permanent employment		Increase in income and stimulus to local economy Used protective clothing	Increased demands on local services and facilities (professional, commercial and authority capacities). LLRW
Maintenance
Filters	Expenditure		Replaced filters will contain radioactive substances	LLW & ILW that require management and security.
Replacement Parts	Expenditure		Scrap (radioactive and non-radioactive)
Environmental monitoring	Nil	Data on Environmental quality	Assurance on public/ environmental safety

Table 15: Decommissioning Phase : Input/Output Related Impacts (Duration About 1 Year)

Input	Impact		Output Direct	Impact
Energy (Electricity)	Non productive use of energy		Operation of the cooling system for the spent fuel	Expenditure
Sea Water	Nil		Indirect cooling of the spent fuel storage area	Thermal outflows to the sea
Labour (reduced)	Employment loss		Retrenched/pensioned/redeployed staff	Local economics may/can suffer
Finance	Non productive expenditure		Safeguarding society against nuclear accidents	Assurance to public safety
Replacement parts	Expenditure		Securing the integrity of the Plant	Assurance to public safety & Scrap (non- and irradiated)
Environmental Monitoring	Nil		Securing environmental data on environment and human health	Assurance on public/ environmental safety

Table 16: Dismantling Phase: Input/Output Related Impacts (Duration 1 – 2 Years)

Input	Impact		Output	Impact
Energy Electricity	Non productive use of energy		Operation of coolant systems for the spent fuel storage area	Expenditure
Liquid Fuels	Expenditure	Operation of construction equipment	Emissions
Labour	Influx of people to the area	Temporary stimulation of the economy	Capacity of services
Construction equipment	Expenditure		Dismantling of equipment and building structures	Noise, dust, emissions, waste (non & irradiated)
Sea water (cooling)	Nil		Indirect cooling of the spent fuel storage area	Thermal effluent
Potable Water	Natural Resource use		Water for: Human consumption and Decontamination	Effluent and Radioactive Liquid waste
Environmental Monitoring	Nil		Data on environmental quality	Assurance to public on environmental /human safety
Clean up of MPS and Reactor	Radioactive waste Non radioactive waste	Secured and safe Plant	LW, ILW and HLW