[Psychological consequences of severe overweight in teenagers]
Differential expression of social dominance as a function of age and maltreatment experience
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- Predicting undergraduates self-reported engagement in traditional and cyberbullying from attitudes.
- Adolescent daily and general maladjustment: is there reactivity to daily repeated measures methodologies
- Adolescent health and harassment based on discriminatory bias.
- Multiple psychosomatic symptoms can indicate child physical abuse - results from a study of Swedish schoolchildren.
- CONCLUSION
Differential expression of social dominance as a function of age and maltreatment experience.Teisl M, Rogosch FA, Oshri A, Cicchetti D. SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. michael_teisl@urmc.rochester.edu AbstractRecent perspectives on social dominance in normative populations have suggested a developmental progression from using primarily coercive strategies to incorporation of more socially competent strategies to attain material and social resources. Parental influences on the resource control strategies children use have been proposed but not investigated empirically. The present study examined age- and gender-related differences in dominance strategies in 470 children from high-risk neighborhoods who were between 6 and 13 years of age, approximately half of whom had experienced maltreatment. A Q-sort measure of social dominance was developed and received preliminary support. Consistent with predictions from resource control theory, age-related differences in dominance-related behavior were demonstrated in both nonmaltreated and maltreated children. Maltreated children were more likely than nonmaltreated children to be identified as dominant bullies at any age. Dominance and bullying were not more likely to be associated for children who had experienced physical and sexual abuse relative to those who were neglected or emotionally maltreated. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of maltreatment on the social development of children, and intervention approaches for limiting these deleterious effects are recommended. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2012 Mar;15(3):141-7. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0369. Epub 2012 Feb 3. Predicting undergraduates' self-reported engagement in traditional and cyberbullying from attitudes.Boulton M, Lloyd J, Down J, Marx H. SourceDepartment of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom. m.boulton@chester.ac.uk AbstractStudies indicate that attitudes predict traditional forms of bullying. Fewer studies have tested this for cyberbullying, in which the harassment is delivered via electronic communication technology. The current study represents the first direct comparison of attitudes toward the two forms ofbullying among undergraduates (N=405). It also tested the hypothesis that engagement in traditional and cyberbullying could be predicted from attitudes toward bullying behavior, bullies, and victims. Results indicated that participants held least favorable attitudes toward physicalbullying/bullies, more accepting attitudes toward verbal bullying/bullies, and attitudes toward forms of cyberbullying/bullies somewhere in between. Significant sex differences were also obtained; women expressed significantly less accepting attitudes toward bullying behavior and perpetrators, and more accepting attitudes toward victims, across all subtypes of bullying. The hypothesis that attitudes predict bullying behavior received some support. Some similarities and differences emerged for cyber and traditional forms. The implications for future research, theory building, and interventions are discussed. Child Dev. 2012 Mar-Apr;83(2):405-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01718.x. Epub 2012 Jan 30. Adolescent daily and general maladjustment: is there reactivity to daily repeated measures methodologies?Nishina A. SourceUniversity of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. anishina@ucdavis.edu AbstractThe present study examined whether repeated exposure to daily surveys about negative social experiences predicts changes in adolescents' daily and general maladjustment, and whether question content moderates these changes. Across a 2-week period, 6th-grade students (N = 215; mode age = 11) completed 5 daily reports tapping experienced or experienced and witnessed negative events, or they completed no daily reports. General maladjustment was measured in 2-week intervals before, at the end of, and 2 weeks after the daily report study. Daily maladjustment either decreased or did not change across the 5 daily report exposures. General maladjustment decreased across the three 2-week intervals. Combined, results indicate that short-term daily report studies do not place youth at risk for increased maladjustment. Am J Public Health. 2012 Mar;102(3):493-5. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300430. Epub 2012 Jan 19. Adolescent health and harassment based on discriminatory bias.Russell ST, Sinclair KO, Poteat VP, Koenig BW. SourceDivision of Family Studies and Human Development and Frances McClelland Institute for Children, Youth, and Families, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0078, USA. AbstractIs harassment based on personal characteristics such as race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, or disability more detrimental than general harassment? In 2 large population-based studies of adolescents, more than one third of those harassed reported bias-based school harassment. Both studies show that bias-based harassment is more strongly associated with compromised health than general harassment. Research on harassment among youths rarely examines the underlying cause. Attention to bias or prejudice in harassment and bullying should be incorporated into programs and policies for young people. Acta Paediatr. 2012 Mar;101(3):324-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02518.x. Epub 2011 Nov 22. Multiple psychosomatic symptoms can indicate child physical abuse - results from a study of Swedish schoolchildren.Jernbro C, Svensson B, Tindberg Y, Janson S. SourceDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Health and Environment, Karlstad University, Sweden. carolina.jernbro@kau.se AbstractAIM:To examine whether children with self-reported experiences of either physical abuse alone or combined with intimate partner violence report more psychosomatic symptoms than other children and to explore whether these possible associations are enhanced by school-related factors, chronic condition and demographic factors. METHODS:A national cross-sectional study of 2771 pupils in grades 4, 6 and 9 from 44 schools in Sweden was carried out in 2006 (91% response rate). Data were analysed with univariate tests (chi-square), multiple logistic regression analyses and stratified logistic regression analyses, expressed as crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS:There was a strong association between reported physical abuse and multiple (three or more) psychosomatic symptoms among schoolchildren (AOR 2.12). Chronic condition was the only determinant that had an obvious enhancing effect on the association between physical abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in childhood. CONCLUSION:This study shows that multiple psychosomatic symptoms are associated with child physical abuse. Health professionals therefore need to pay special attention to schoolchildren who complain about the co-occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms and pattern of symptoms, which could not be easily explained by other causes. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2012 Apr;42(2):217-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00084.x. Epub 2012 Mar 1. 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