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Peer victimization as a risk factor for schizotypal personality in childhood and adolescence
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- Prenatal drug exposure and peer victimization in early adolescence: testing childhood anxiety/depression and aggression as possible mediators.
- OBJECTIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- Developmental trajectories of peer victimization: off-line and online experiences during adolescence.
Peer victimization as a risk factor for schizotypal personality in childhood and adolescence.Fung AL, Raine A. SourceDepartment of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. annis.fung@cityu.edu.hk AbstractThere has been no prior research on peer victimization and child or adolescent schizotypal personality. This study tests the hypothesis that increased peer victimization is associated with increased schizotypal personality. Schizotypy was assessed using the SPQ-C (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Child) in 3,508 male and female schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years. All forms of peer victimization (physical, verbal, social manipulation, attack on property) were associated with schizotypal personality in both males and females across all age groups. Significant victimization more than doubled schizotypy scores. It is hypothesized that peer victimization may predispose to paranoid ideation, social anxiety, and lack of close friends, and consequently heightened schizotypal personality. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012 Jun;33(5):416-22. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31825609f0. Prenatal drug exposure and peer victimization in early adolescence: testing childhood anxiety/depression and aggression as possible mediators.Buckingham-Howes S, Oberlander SE, Kim EM, Black MM. SourceDivision of Growth & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. AbstractOBJECTIVE:Children who are prenatally exposed to drugs may be at risk for emotion dysregulation, including childhood anxiety/depression and aggression, potentially increasing their risk for peer victimization. The objectives of this study were to investigate how prenatal drug exposure relates to adolescent peer victimization and the mediating effects of childhood anxiety/depression and aggression. METHODS:Seventy-six prenatally drug exposed (PDE) and 38 nonexposed (NE) adolescent-caregiver dyads followed since birth and middle childhood, respectively, participated in an evaluation during adolescence. In middle childhood, caregivers reported on their child's anxiety/depression and aggression, and children reported on violence exposure. In adolescence, caregivers and adolescents responded to a parallel single-item measure of peer victimization. Analyses were conducted using multivariate linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates, including violence exposure. RESULTS:One-third (33.3%, n = 35) of the sample endorsed peer victimization: 40.8% PDE and 17.6% NE, p = .01. In middle childhood, PDE youth had more aggressive behaviors (11.92 vs 7.45, p < .01) and anxiety/depression symptoms (3.43 vs 1.76, p < .01) than NE youth. Anxious/depressed behavior during childhood mediated the association between prenatal drug exposure and adolescent peer victimization. Aggression was not a significant mediator. CONCLUSIONS:The consequences of prenatal drug exposure extend into adolescence. Prenatal drug exposure may interfere with emotion regulation, resulting in anxious/depressed behavior during childhood and significantly increasing the risk for peer victimization during adolescence, even in the presence of violence exposure. Strategies to reduce anxious/depressed behavior among children with a history of prenatal drug exposure may reduce adolescent peer victimization. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Jun;50(6):607-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.251. Epub 2012 Feb 3. Developmental trajectories of peer victimization: off-line and online experiences during adolescence.Sumter SR, Baumgartner SE, Valkenburg PM, Peter J. SourceAmsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. s.r.sumter@uva.nl AbstractPURPOSE:This study investigated the development and consequences of off-line and online victimization during adolescence. We examined the number and shapes of off-line and online victimization trajectories, the relationship between trajectories of off-line and online victimization, and their effect on life satisfaction. METHODS:A four-wave panel study with 6-month time intervals was conducted among a representative sample of Dutch adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 1,762). We used group-based modeling to investigate the victimization trajectories. RESULTS:Three off-line victimization trajectories could be distinguished. One group followed a trajectory of low to no victimization experiences across adolescence. A second group followed a pathway of moderate and decreasing victimization. A third group followed a pathway of high and decreasing victimization. Two groups in online victimization could be distinguished. One group followed a trajectory of low to no victimization experiences. A second group followed a pathway of moderate victimization that peaked at age 14. Dual-trajectory analyses revealed a substantial overlap between off-line and online victimization trajectories. Finally, victimization and life satisfaction were longitudinally related; moderate and high victimization trajectories resulted in lower levels of life satisfaction during wave 4. CONCLUSIONS:The overlap between the off-line and online victimization trajectories and their negative consequences on life satisfaction suggests that prevention of victimization should focus on both types of victimization. The results suggest that peer victimization should not be studied without considering adolescent peer relationships on the Internet. Int J Public Health. 2012 Jun;57(3):505-12. doi: 10.1007/s00038-011-0329-6. Epub 2012 Jan 11. 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