Public Transport Capacity Analysis Procedures for Developing Cities
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- Figure 5‑10 Walking Speed Related to Pedestrian Density
- Figure 5‑11 Pedestrian Flow Rate Related to Pedestrian Density
- Table 5‑39 Pedestrian Level of Service
- Flow per Unit Width, v (ped/m/min) v/c A
Pedestrian Flow ConceptsAn understanding of pedestrian flow through a rail transportation facility should start with some fundamental concepts. Pedestrian capacity can be thought of as either an occupancy level (passengers per unit of area) or a flow (passengers passing a point per unit of space or time.) While in any terminal element, there is a theoretical maximum occupancy or flow rate, actual operations suggest that the practical sustainable level of occupancy or flow is less than the theoretical value. It is this lower level which should be used in design. Design for the maximum level does not allow either a buffer time or space for random unexpected events such as mechanical equipment failure and variation in station dwell time or arrival intervals between successive trains. The primary relationships among pedestrian speed, density and flow rate were established years ago and are familiar to transit planners and engineers. The governing factors are: Pedestrian flow rate – The number of pedestrians who can travel through a point per unit of time. Pedestrian speed – the average pedestrian walking speed through a facility Pedestrian density – the average number of pedestrians per unit of space. It is a measure of crowding. The tolerance for varying levels of crowding varies throughout the world. The relationship between the three is: v = S x D (Eq. 5.1) where, v = pedestrian flow rate (persons/min.) S = pedestrian speed (meters/min.) D = pedestrian density (persons/meter2) The physical relationships are more complicated. At low densities, which might occur during low volume times, the average walking speeds of pedestrians are determined by the free flow speeds of individuals. However, as pedestrian volume increases, facility becomes more congested, the interaction between pedestrians results in reduced average speed. This is because of closer contact between pedestrians and limited ability of people to pass slower walking individuals. It is similar to traffic environments where higher density (cars per mile) is associated with lower speed. Figure 5 -10 shows how pedestrian speeds (minutes per meter) increases as pedestrian space (square meters per pedestrian) increases. 
Figure 5‑10 Walking Speed Related to Pedestrian Density The flow rate, measured in pedestrians per hour is the product of speed and density. Researchers commonly normalize the flow rate per unit width of the facility (corridor, staircase etc.), it is probably more practical to think of flows as flow rates per lane of width with each lane being about 0.75 meters. Figure 5 -11 shows how the pedestrians per meter per minute decreases as the square meters of space per pedestrian. 
Figure 5‑11 Pedestrian Flow Rate Related to Pedestrian Density An illustration of pedestrian occupancy on station platforms and other queuing areas are shown in Error: Reference source not foundError: Reference source not found. Table 5 -39 Pedestrian Level of ServiceTable 5 -39 Pedestrian Level of Service gives the ratings of these areas that are used in the United States. Table 5‑39 Pedestrian Level of Service
v/c = volume to capacity ratio Directory: curated curated -> Concept stage curated -> Concept stage curated -> Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review curated -> Report No: aus11011 Central America curated -> Report No. 94474-pk fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration curated -> Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Costa Rica Telecommunications Sector Modernization Project curated -> Environment Impact Assessment For Jiangxi Shangrao Sanqingshan Airport Beijing Guohuantiandi Environmental Technology Development Center. Ltd. Oct. 2012 Content curated -> Growth through Innovation An Industrial Strategy for Shanghai By Shahid Yusuf Kaoru Nabeshima April 22nd, 2009 curated -> Report No: 70178. People's Republic of China Download 2.52 Mb. Share with your friends:
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