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| Page | 26/36 | | Date | 02.06.2017 | | Size | 5.14 Mb. | | #19909 |
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BACK VOWELS
/u/
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high
|
close
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tense
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rounded
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stressed
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/ʊ/
|
high
|
open
|
lax
|
rounded
|
stressed
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/o/
|
mid
|
close
|
tense
|
rounded
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stressed
|
/ɔ/
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low-mid
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open
|
lax
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rounded
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stressed
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/ɑ/
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low
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open
|
lax
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unrounded
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stressed
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THE SOUNDS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
b
|
dʒ
|
d
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ð
|
g
|
ʒ
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l
|
m
|
n
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ŋ
|
r
|
v
|
w
|
j
|
z
|
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LAX
|
/ɪ/
|
/ɛ/
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/æ/
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/ɚ/
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/ʌ/
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/ə/
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/ʊ/
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/ɔ/
|
/ɑ/
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TENSE
|
/i/
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/e/
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/a/
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/ɜ/
|
/u/
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/o/
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FRONT VOWELS
|
i
|
ɪ
|
eɪ
|
ɛ
|
æ
|
CENTRAL VOWELS
|
ə
|
ʌ
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|
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BACK VOWELS
|
uw
|
ʊ
|
ow
|
ɔ
|
a/ɑ
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SYMBOLS FOR AMERICAN ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS
iy
ɪ
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uw
ʊ
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ey
ɛ
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ə
ʌ
|
ow
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æ
|
|
ɑ
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BRITISH PRONUNCIATION VERSUS AMERICAN PRONUNCIATION
BRITISH ENGLISH
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AMERCAN ENGLISH
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/e/
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/e/ = /ɛ/
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/æ/
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/a/
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/ɪ/
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/ɪ/
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/ə/
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/ə/
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/ʌ/
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/ʌ/ = /ə/
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/ʊ/
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/ʊ/
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/iː/
|
/i/ = /iy/
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/ɜː/
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/ɜr/ = /əɾ/ = /ɚ/
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/ɑː/
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/ɑ/
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/uː/
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/u/ = /uw/
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/ɔː/
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/ɔ/
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/ɒ/
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/ɑ/
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/ɪər/
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/ɪr/
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/ʊər/
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/ʊr/
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/eər/
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/er/
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/eɪ/
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/eɪ/ = /ey/
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/ɔɪ/
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/ɔɪ/ = /ɔy/
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/aɪ/
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/aɪ/ = /ay/
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/əʊ/
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/oʊ/ = /ow/
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/aʊ/
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/aʊ/ = /aw/
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/eɪər/
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/eɪɚ/ = /eyər/
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/ɔɪər/
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/ɔɪɚ/ = /ɔyər/
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/aɪər/
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/aɪɚ/ = /ayər/
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/əʊər/
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/oʊɚ/ = /owər/
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/aʊər/
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/aʊɚ/ = /awər/
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CONTRACTION (BECOMING SMALLER) IN ENGLISH PHONETIC SYMBOLS
SHORT VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING SMALLER = SHORTER)
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LONG VOWEL PHONEMES (BECOMING LARGER = BIGGER)
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/e/
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/eː/ = /ɛ/
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/ɪ/
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/iː/ = /i/
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/ə/
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/ɜː/ = /ɜ/
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/æ/ /ʌ/ /a/
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/ɑː/ = /ɑ/
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/ʊ/
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/uː/ = /u/
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/ɒ/
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/ɔː/ = /ɔ/
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LONG VOWEL PHONEMES
|
British English
|
American English
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/iː/
|
/i/
|
/ɜː/
|
/ɜ/
|
/ɑː/
|
/ɑ/
|
/uː/
|
/u/
|
/ɔː/
|
/ɔ/
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AMERICAN ENGLISH VERSUS BRITISH ENGLISH
AMERICAN ENGLISH
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BRITISH ENGLISH
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/æ/
|
/fæst/
|
/ɑː/
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/fɑːst/
|
/ɚ/
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/stɚ/
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/ɜː/
|
/stɜːr/
|
/ɑ/
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/hɑt/
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/ɒ/
|
/hɒt/
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/ɔ/
|
/dɔg/
|
/ɒ/
|
/dɒg/
|
/ɪr/
|
/hɪr/
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/ɪə/
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/hɪər/
|
/ʊr/
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/tʊr/
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/ʊə/
|
/tʊər/
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/er/
|
/her/
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/eə/
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/heər/
|
/oʊ/
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/goʊ/
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/əʊ/
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/gəʊ/
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/r/
|
/ˈgɑrdn/
|
/-/
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/ˈgɑːdn/
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MANNER OF ARTICULATION
STOPS
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p
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b
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t
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d
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k
|
g
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AFFRICATES
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tʃ
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dʒ
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|
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FRICATIVES
|
f
|
v
|
θ
|
ð
|
s
|
z
|
ʃ
|
ʒ
|
h
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NASALS
|
m
|
n
|
ŋ
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SEMI-VOWELS
|
w
|
j
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LATERAL
|
l
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RETROFLEX
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r
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AMERICAN and BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY
BRITISH ENGLISH VOCABULARY
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AMERICAN ENGLISH VOCABULARY
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1st year under-graduate
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fresh-man
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aeroplane
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airplane
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autumn
|
fall
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banknote / note
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bill
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bath
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bathtub / tub
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bill
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check
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biscuit
|
cookie
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black or white
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without or with
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bonnet
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hat
|
book
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make a reservation
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bookings
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reservations
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braces
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suspenders
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car park
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parking lot
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caretaker / porter
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janitor
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centre
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down town
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charity
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not-for-profit
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chemist / pharmacist
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druggist
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chemist's
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drugstore / pharmacy
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chips
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french fries
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cinema
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movie house / theater
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class / year
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grade
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coach
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bus
|
conserves
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preserves
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crisps
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potato chips
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crossroads
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ıntersection
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cupboard
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closet
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curtains
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drapes
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drink-driving
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drunk driving
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driving licence
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driver's license
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dual carriageway
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divided highway
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dustbin / bin
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garbage can / trash can
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dustcart
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garbage truck
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dustman
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garbage man
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engaged
|
busy
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fee
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tuition
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film
|
movie
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first floor
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second floor
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flat
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apartment
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flat tyre / puncture
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flat tire
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football
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soccer
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fortnight
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two weeks
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garden
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yard
|
ground floor
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first floor
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handbag
|
purse
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head teacher
|
principal
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high street
|
main street
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hire
|
rent
|
holiday
|
vacation
|
hoover
|
vacuum cleaner
|
hoover
|
vacuum
|
ill
|
sick
|
indicators
|
turn signals
|
jam
|
jelly
|
jeans / dungarees
|
overalls
|
lie in
|
sleep in
|
lift
|
elevator
|
lorry / van
|
truck
|
lost property
|
lost and found
|
mad
|
crazy
|
make redundant
|
lay off
|
maths
|
math
|
motorbike
|
motorcycle
|
motorway
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inter-state / highway
|
newsagent
|
news stand
|
nightdress
|
nightgown
|
nil
|
zero
|
nought
|
zero
|
on stream
|
on line
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open day
|
open house
|
overtake
|
pass
|
pavement
|
sidewalk
|
pavement
|
sidewalk
|
petrol
|
gas
|
pocket money
|
allowance
|
post
|
mail
|
post code
|
zip code
|
postbox
|
mailbox
|
postman
|
mailman
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pub
|
bar
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pudding / sweet
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dessert
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put through
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connect
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queue
|
line
|
railway
|
railroad
|
reception
|
front desk
|
receptionist
|
desk clerk
|
return ticket
|
round trip ticket
|
ring up
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call / phone
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rubber
|
eraser
|
rubbish
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garbage / trash
|
rucksack
|
backpack
|
sack
|
fire
|
semi-detached
|
duplex
|
settee / couch
|
sofa
|
shopping trolley
|
shopping cart
|
single
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one–way ticket
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solicitor
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attorney / lawyer
|
sport
|
sports
|
spring onions
|
green onions
|
starters
|
appetizers
|
state school
|
public school
|
sweet
|
candy
|
sweetcorn
|
corn
|
taxi
|
cab
|
tea towel
|
dish towel
|
telephone box
|
telephone booth
|
telly
|
television
|
timetable
|
schedule
|
tinned
|
canned
|
toilet / cloakroom
|
rest room
|
torch
|
flashlight
|
trainers
|
sneakers
|
trousers
|
pants
|
underground / tube
|
subway
|
university
|
college
|
van
|
minibus
|
vest
|
undershirt
|
waistcoat
|
vest
|
wallet
|
pocketbook
|
wardrobe
|
closet
|
whisky
|
whiskey / scotch
|
zebra crossing
|
pedestrian crossing / cross-walk
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