Annexure II (b) –Sub Group on E&P

Annexure II (b) –Sub Group on E&P

It has been decided to constitute a Sub-Group on ‘Exploration & Production of Hydrocarbons’ to assist Working Group on Petroleum & Natural Gas in the context of preparation of the XI Five Year Plan with the composition as indicated below:

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

1. 
   DG, DGH
   
2. 
   Director (E I)
   
3. 
   Director (E II) - Member Secretary
   

c) Ministry of Environment & Forest - One

d) Ministry of Industry - One

e) Planning Commission - One

f) Ministry of Coal - One

(for Coal Bed Methane)

1. 
   ONGC, Director (Exploration)/Director (Operations)/ Director (Finance)
   
2. 
   OIL – Director (Exploration & Dev.)/ Director (Operations)
   
3. 
   GAIL – Director (Project)/ Director (Planning)
   
4. 
   OVL – Managing Director
   
5. 
   EIL – One Representative
   
6. 
   GSPC – One representative
   

1. 
   Representative of CII
   
2. 
   Representative of Reliance Industries Limited
   
3. 
   Representative of Cairn Energy India Pty Ltd.
   
4. 
   Representative of British Gas
   

4. Annexure II (c) –Sub Group on NG and Marketing

1. Working Sub Group on Marketing and Distribution of Natural Gas:

• 
  Members
  
  1. 
     Mr. Ajay Tyagi - Joint Secretary(M)
     
  2. 
     Mr. Swami Singh - Director(NG) - Convenor
     
  3. 
     Others – Members from Department of Expenditure, Department of Economic Affairs, Department of Road Transport and Highways, Department of Commerce, Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Department of Fertilizers, GAIL, ONGC, OIL, TERI, Gas Industry Group and Petrofed
     

• 
  Members
  
  1. 
     Mr. Ajay Tyagi - Joint Secretary(M)
     
  2. 
     Mr. Pramod Nangia - Director(M)
     
  3. 
     Mr. K. Rajeswara Rao - Addl. Director(M), PPAC - Convenor
     
  4. 
     Others – Members from all OMCs, private sector, Department of Expenditure, Department of Economic Affairs, Department of Road Transport and Highways, Department of Commerce, Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Department of Fertilizers, PCRA, RIL, ASSOCHAM, FICCI, CII and Petrofed
     

1. 
   To review likely achievement during the X Plan period in meeting the targets set for production of Natural Gas. An analysis of the reasons for shortfall, if any, may be highlighted.
   
2. 
   To review pricing structure of Natural Gas and to suggest measures to make them more transparent and market determined.
   
3. 
   To estimate demands, year-wise, of Natural Gas for the period from 2007-08 to 2011-12 and from 2012-13 to 2016-17 and also for 2021-22, taking into account the likely developments in the related sectors.
   
4. 
   To estimate year-wise targets of production for the period from 2007-08 to 2011-12 and 2016-17 for Natural Gas.
   
5. 
   To estimate gaps between demand and supply of Natural Gas for the said periods and to suggest measures to bridge these gaps.
   
6. 
   To estimate the import requirements of Natural Gas/LNG for the said period and the feasibility and sustainability of imports thereof.
   
7. 
   To review the existing policy of Marketing and Distribution of Natural Gas and to suggest policy measures to accelerate competition.
   
8. 
   To assess the investment requirements for the XI Plan in the down-stream Natural Gas Sector.
   

1. 
   To evolve policy measures for Demand Side Management and Conservation of Petroleum Products.
   
2. 
   To review the existing policy of Marketing and Distribution of Petroleum Products and to suggest policy measures to accelerate competition.
   

5. Annexure III - Energy Policy in Asian Economies

We have examined experiences in Japan, a developed country with virtually no energy resource and China, now the second largest energy consumer and a developing country with some similarities with India.

A comparison of available resources with Japan and China is as follows:

Energy Resources available with Japan & China and their Consumption in 2004¹⁰

Particulars	Japan		China
	Reserves	R/P Ratio	Reserves	R/P Ratio
Oil in Billion Tons	Nil	Nil	2.3	13.4 yrs
Gas in TCM	Nil	Nil	2.23	54.7 yrs
Coal in Billion Tons	0.36	*	114.50	59 yrs
Oil Consumption in MMT	242		309
Gas Consumption in BCM	72		39
Coal Consumption in MTOE	121		957

* As negligible production, RP ratio is in excess of 500 years

Japan

Japan's energy policy objectives are summarised as the “3 Es”:

• 
  Energy security,
  
• 
  Economic development and
  
• 
  Environmental sustainability.
  

The changes in energy mix may be seen in the table below:

China has recently finalized its XI Five-year plan. The central tenants relating to energy policy are:

• 
  Place priority on energy conservation: targeted decrease in energy consumption by 20 percent by 2010
  
• 
  Primary reliance on Coal: pursue logical and reasoned development, improve recovery and extraction rates, reduce impact on environment, promote reorganization of the coal industry, create some coal companies with production capacity of 100 MT/year, standardize technologies for high efficient and clean burning of coal, develop coal to liquid technologies, promote use of clean coal and use low grade coal for electricity generation.
  
• 
  Diversification of energy sources
  

• 
  Electricity – Aggressive development: Develop high efficiency and environment friendly large scale thermal power plants, promote clean coal based electricity generation, moderately develop natural gas based plants and aggressively promote nuclear power generation through construction of 1 million KW class reactors
  
• 
  Oil and Natural Gas – Accelerated development: Intensively exploit off shore areas, major oil & gas basins and new onshore areas, promote exploration of coal bed methane, oil shale, oil sands, methane hydrates and other non conventional types of oil/gas, create large integrated bases for refining particularly in areas of high consumption, less efficient refineries would be closed
  

• 
  Renewable energy – Develop greatly: Promote renewable energy production/consumption through favourable fiscal policies, tax structures, investment policies and a compulsory market share for renewable energy, greatly enhance wind power generation by the construction of thirdly 100,000 kW class wind farms, increase the production of biomass energy, bio-ethanol and bio-diesel and promote the use in the production of solar energy, geothermal energy and ocean power generation.
  

Japan is the fourth largest energy consumer in the world. In 2001, total primary energy supply (TPES) was 520.7 Mtoe, up by 19 percent from 1990 levels. Japan’s dependence on oil has decreased from 58 percent in 1990 to 49.2 percent in 2001. In 2000, coal accounted for 19.2 percent, followed by nuclear (16 percent), natural gas (12.4 percent), hydro (1.4 percent), combustible renewable and wastes (1 percent), geothermal energy (0.6 percent) and other renewable (0.2 percent). Oil use was replaced mainly by natural gas whose share increased from 9.9 percent, nuclear power from 12.1 percent and coal from 16.9 percent.

Every 3-4 years, the government publishes the Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook, the first having been published in 1967 and the latest (10th Outlook) in July 2001. The Outlook shows the forecast impact of energy policies and measures in place, the difference between their impact and the various objectives as well as how to tackle the difference. The Outlooks are prepared by the Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy whose role is to advise the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Japan’s principal challenge in the energy sector is supply vulnerability because it is an archipelago and lacks domestic energy resources. Several measures to ensure energy security have, therefore, been strongly promoted since the first and second oil crisis, and at present include the following key policies:

• 
  Energy efficiency: Implemented by a Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy (energy conservation standards and the so-called Top-Runner Programme); financial support to energy efficiency (promoting Home and Business Energy Management Systems, tax incentives for the introduction of energy-efficient equipment, etc.); and information dissemination.
  
• 
  Diversification of energy supply sources: Implemented by further diversification away from oil; fuel-switching in the power sector (from coal to natural gas); further use of natural gas, nuclear power and renewable (renewable portfolio standard); and energy R&D.
  
• 
  Development of resources: Through development of methane hydrates. Originally Japan hoped to increase “Japanese-flag crude oil” to such a level that it accounts for approximately 30 percent of Japan’s total crude oil imports. JNOC¹³ was set up nearly 40 years ago to find and secure gas and oil supplies for resource-poor Japan, only to bleed 720 billion yen ($6.9 billion) of red ink in mostly dry wells in 305 projects across the globe¹⁴. Under these conditions, Japan decided in August 2000 to withdraw the long-term target of increasing the Japanese-developed crude oil to account for 30 percent of Japan’s total crude oil imports and worked out a new policy measure aimed at establishing a core oil development company or companies that can maintain and expand its business on its own to assure stable and efficient oil supply.
  
• 
  Oil stockpiling and emergency policies: Implemented by Petroleum Stockpiling Law; Petroleum Supply and Demand Optimisation Law and IEA’s Co-ordinated Emergency Response Measure.
  
• 
  International co-operation for enhancing energy security: Implemented by enhancing energy security through IEA, APEC, ASEAN+3 and bilateral contacts, in particular with Asian energy-consuming countries; and promotion of cooperation with oil and gas-producing countries.
  

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