Sbsp affirmative- arl lab- ndi 2011
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2AC Resource WarsClimate change causes resource wars – empirics proveYung, ‘7 – [Chester, South China Morning Post, “Climate change will spur conflict, study of wars warns,” Lexis, DS] Climate change and the resulting shortages of water and food could spur armed conflict, the authors of a new study warn. This is based on the conclusion of a survey that looked at world history over the last millennium and found that warfare and population collapse were fuelled by climate change. "Climate change may have played a more important role on human civilisation than has so far been suggested," said David Zhang of Hong Kong University's geography department and the lead author of the research. The findings will be published in the journal Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America on December 4. "The level of livelihood resources shrank in some periods due to climate change in the past," Dr Zhang said. "It could be the root cause of human miseries." He said temperature fluctuations impeded agricultural production, which reduced food supplies. The shortages would then trigger warfare and famine and result in population collapse. The authors reviewed 8,073 wars and the population trend between AD1400 and 1900 and found a correlation between outbreaks of war and records of temperature change. They found cold climate induced more wars around the world, with the worldwide war ratio in a cold climate almost double that of a mild one. A similar phenomenon was also observed in Asia and Europe. "More than 80 per cent of countries and areas around the world had higher war ratios in a cold climate," Dr Zhang said. Although he didn't analyse any warming periods, he both could have disastrous effects. "If global warming continues, we are afraid that the associated shortages of fresh water, arable land and food may trigger more armed conflict or even general crisis in the world." Dr Zhang's team released a report in July that suggested the same case in China. The authors reviewed 899 wars fought in China between AD1000 and 1911 and found a correlation between the frequency of warfare and records of temperature changes. Almost all peaks of warfare and dynastic changes coincided with a cold phase. In April, US military leaders warned of the national security threat posed by global warming, predicting wars over water and higher rates of famine and disease. 2AC ProtectionismClimate change causes trade wars – disputes over negotiationsMorales and Singh, ‘9 – Reporters at Bloomberg [Alex and Gaurav, 4/3/2009, Bloomberg, “Climate-Change Policies Risk Protectionism – China, India Say,” http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aTU2A9VhkMDs, DS] Global-warming policies being considered by the U.S. and Japan risk provoking trade barriers, Chinese and Indian officials said in interviews. Protectionism, rejected yesterday by world leaders meeting in London, has been discussed in the U.S. Congress and in France as a response to the competitive advantage of developing nations like China that refuse to regulate greenhouse gases. Potential import fees could prompt trade retaliation, said Su Wei, China’s lead negotiator for a new global climate-protection treaty. “If there’s going to be a border tax imposed, that would very much have the danger of triggering a trade war,” Su said in a telephone interview from Beijing. “That’s not something that we would be happy to see,” he said before the start of United Nations-led treaty talks in Bonn running to April 8. China and the U.S., the biggest greenhouse-gas producers, are negotiating a new agreement to stem greenhouse gases with 190 countries. India and China reject emissions limits for developing nations, saying rich nations must act first. “We should be very careful that climate change doesn’t become a peg on which we start hanging protectionist tendencies,” Shyam Saran, India’s special envoy on climate change, said in an interview in New Delhi two days ago. President Barack Obama has said he’ll impose limits on domestic greenhouse gases. Because reducing the gases puts a cost on companies that rivals in unregulated countries don’t face, U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu said in March 17 testimony to the House science committee “we should look at considering perhaps duties that would offset that cost.” Group of 20 The U.S. imported $337.8 billion of Chinese goods in 2008, according the U.S. Department of Commerce. India exported about $21 billion to the U.S. World leaders from the Group of 20 nations yesterday reiterated their rejection of protectionism, failing to take a tougher stance on proliferating trade barriers that threaten to deepen the global financial crisis. “Increased protectionism is a sure ticket to a deeper economic downturn,” said Rajeev Malik, a regional economist at Macquarie Group Ltd. in Singapore. Democratic lawmakers in the U.S. this week took steps to head off potential trade disputes. They proposed domestic climate legislation that would give rebates to energy-intensive steel and cement industries competing with cheaper imports. Even so, the legislation would let the president impose border fees on imports if the rebates aren’t enough to keep U.S. companies competitive with foreign rivals. ‘Road to Protectionism’ Japan proposed an alternative to national caps that would apply to all countries. The most polluting industries would be given targets that would be divided among their companies. That approach hasn’t won favor among poorer countries such as India that reject any form of legally binding international target. “It sounds very good to say we can’t agree on national level targets, so let’s agree on sectoral targets,” Saran said. “This could become the road to protectionism.” Suggestions in the U.S. and France to tax imports won’t help coax developing nations into signing up to a new treaty, said Simon Retallack, head of climate at the Institute for Public Policy Research in London. French President Nicolas Sarkozy on March 24 said a carbon tax on imports may be needed to help European nations recover from the economic slump. “Developing countries are concerned about those sorts of proposals, and they have good reason,” Retallack said today in a telephone interview. “It won’t be terribly helpful in persuading developing countries to take action.” Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.74 Mb. Share with your friends:
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