Sbsp affirmative- arl lab- ndi 2011
AT: Debris turns the case
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- SBSP not susceptible to debris damage
- Launches don’t kill ozone – only a 0.04 percent decrease for all past rockets combined
- SBSP solves Satellite Operability
- Reconstitution – UAVs and relaunch stand in for lost satellites
- The USFG has backup - eLORAN
AT: Debris turns the caseDoesn’t turn case – SBSP won’t get hit by debrisPowersat 11 (Powersat, SBSP research and development facility, “About Space Solar Power,” Collision with space junk is unlikely for a number of reasons. First, PowerSat reside in a geosynchronous orbit which is much higher than the low earth orbit debris band. Second, the surface area of the powersat is thin-film solar cells. Thus, a piece of space junk would go right through the thin film and would affect only a fraction of the output of that module, as there are many solar cells within a module. We could conceivably lose a module if a piece of junk collided with the core control system for that module, but the output of one module is only 1/300th the output of the entire satellite and can be easily replaced. SBSP not susceptible to debris damageGrey 2k (Jerry, Director of Aerospace and Science Policy at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, “Testimony of Jerry Grey before House Science Committee Hearings on Solar Power Satellites,” US House of Representatives Archives, September 7, 2000. Although the SSP configurations are large, their diaphanous nature and location in geostationary or geosynchronous halo orbits imply low susceptibility to serious damage by either natural or anthropogenic orbital debris. Moreover, since all the proposed concepts employ robotic inspection and maintenance, repairs of any such damage should be able to be accomplished. AT: Launches bad-OzoneLaunches don’t kill ozone – only a 0.04 percent decrease for all past rockets combinedRoss and Zittel 2k (Martin – leader of the Environmental Systems Directorate at Aerospace on research on the stratospheric impact of launch vehicles and Paul – leads the Remote Sensing Department at Aerospace on the radiative and chemical properties of rocket plumes, “Rockets and the Ozone Layer,” Aerospace Publications, Summer 2000. Space transportation, once dominated by government, has become an important part of our commercial economy, and the business of launching payloads into orbit is expected to nearly double in the next decade. Each time a rocket is launched, combustion products are emitted into the stratosphere. CFCs and other chemicals banned by international agreement are thought to have reduced the total amount of stratospheric ozone by about 4 percent. In comparison, recent predictions about the effect on the ozone layer of solid rocket motor (SRM) emissions suggest that they reduce the total amount of stratospheric ozone by only about 0.04 percent. Even though emissions from liquid-fueled rocket engines were not included in these predictions, it is likely that rockets do not constitute a serious threat to global stratospheric ozone at the present time. SBSP solves Satellite Operability[If you’re reading the radar scenario for Heg then this is the 1AC Ramos card – you can just extend it]SBSP solves satellites -
Ramos 2k (Kim, USAF Major and professor at the Air Command and Staff College Air University, “Solar Power Constellations Implications for the US Air Force.” April 2000. Powering small satellites with energy beamed from a solar power satellite further reduces their size, cost, and launch requirements. Maneuver One of the vulnerabilities of satellites is that they lack maneuverability. Orbit changes are possible but the amount of station keeping fuel limits these maneuvers. Unscheduled orbital maneuvers for, supported warfighters, on-orbit station keeping, or avoiding an anti-satellite weapon, reduce the life expectancy of satellites. The New World Vistas study concluded, “technologies to substantially enhance survivability are …maneuvering technologies…enabled by the technologies of high generation power in space.” 25 Moreover, the report stated that electrical propulsion and solar power satellites would enable maneuvering for survivability, station keeping, and repositioning to meet warfighter requirements.
Ramos 2k (Kim, USAF Major and professor at the Air Command and Staff College Air University, “Solar Power Constellations Implications for the US Air Force.” April 2000. As outlined in Air University study Spacecast 2020, the rapid launch and deployment of satellites is required to comply with the United States National Military Strategy concept of reconstitution. Reconstitution for space is the ability to launch satellites for “unanticipated system failures … [due to hostile actions] and multiple area coverage requirements, [which] … require the immediate placement of satellites into orbit.” 21 Solar power satellites enable reconstitution with unmanned aerial vehicles performing the same functions as satellites, as mentioned previously, and through enabling smaller satellites. One of the difficulties in achieving small satellites is the fact that power generation takes up about 25% of the weight of a satellite. 22 Satellites launched without onboard power generation would be smaller and receive power on orbit from a solar power satellite. The USFG has backup - eLORANPappalardo 9 (Joe, columnist for Popular Mechanics, “Inside the Government’s Backup Plan for GPS Failure,” Popular Mechanics, December 1, 2009. Satellite-based navigation has become a ubiquitous tool for business, military and personal use. The downside is that any disruption in the Global Positioning System could wreak havoc down on Earth. This year, the Department of Homeland Security decided that a 30-year-old navigation system used by mariners will be upgraded to back up GPS. The decision preserves the Long-Range Aids to Navigation (LORAN) network, which has been teetering on the verge of forced retirement since the 1980s, according to the Coast Guard's Navigation Center. The backbone of LORAN is a network of transmission stations, many located in remote regions, staffed with Coast Guard personnel, and equipped with antennas as tall as 900 ft. The 2009 DHS budget allocates $34.5 million for the Coast Guard to start upgrading the LORAN system with modern electronics and solid-state transmitters. Users of the enhanced system, called eLORAN, will acquire and track signals from ground stations in much the same way they triangulate signals from multiple satellite feeds. LORAN also adds a data channel that can handle more detailed information. The system won't just wait for GPS to fail: eLORAN stations will continually transmit time-keeping data needed for navigation and warnings about coming disruptions. Why GPS Needs a Backup Plan Intentional Jamming Threat: GPS signals use low-powered, high-frequency signals that are easy to block. eLORAN Fix: Uses high-powered transmitters that send stronger signals requiring more power to disrupt. Environmental Interference Threat: Signals from GPS sats need to be in the line of sight of receivers and are blocked by metal, mountains and reinforced concrete. eLORAN Fix: Terrestrial signals bend around the Earth's curvature and can penetrate urban canyons and dense foliage. Cosmic Radiation Threat: Unusually large solar flares can produce radio bursts over the same frequency bands as GPS satellite transmissions. eLORAN Fix: Cosmic radio waves cannot penetrate the ionosphere, so LORAN signals are immune to interference. Antisatellite Weapons Threat: Future ground-based missiles could target and knock out GPS satellites. eLORAN Fix:Ground stations can be more easily guarded from attacks, including those by missiles. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.74 Mb. Share with your friends:
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