Social Studies Activity Worksheet
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Social Studies Activity Worksheet
History of the Telegraph by Eric Reischer Samuel Morse and the Telegraph On May 24, 1844, eighteen letters were transmitted over two wires stretching from the Supreme Court room in the Capitol to Baltimore, Maryland. The transmission was the culmination of decades of research and development on a system which would forever change the course of history. The letters, which formed the biblical phrase "What hath God wrought," were transmitted in the form of 42 pulses of electricity which became the first public demonstration of a new language of communication known as Morse Code. The beginnings of the telegraph date back to the early 1830s, when Samuel F. B. Morse attempted to obtain a patent in Europe for a new telegraph system which would signal the location of a railroad train at a given point on the track to a receiving station at a remote point. His application was rejected, and he thus returned to the United States to continue work on a more advanced communication system for sending signals between two remote points. Development of the telegraph system which was eventually widely adopted across the country was a collaborative effort between Morse himself, Leonard Gale, and Arthur Vail. Gale’s contribution was in the field of electromagnetics, introducing Morse’s telegraph to the concept of a multi-cell battery which, combined with several more electromagnet windings, allowed the new and improved telegraph to transmit over 10 miles of wire in early October of 1837. Vail’s contribution was to further improve and package the telegraph for easier acceptance and use outside the laboratory. The first test of the new telegraph occurred on January 6, 1838, which was from Vail’s Speedwell Iron Works in Morristown, New Jersey, to a receiving station 2 miles away. The message, "Railroad cars just arrived, 345 passengers" was transmitted using a system of dots to represent digits. Within 3 weeks of that transmission, Morse had developed a new system of dots and dashes which represented letters rather than digits, thus birthing the Morse Code as it is known today. 
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