Space Debris Neg- wave 1
Solvency Extension: 1NC #6
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Solvency Extension: 1NC #6Space debris problem can’t be solved until 2020 – plan cannot overcome technological barriers. Johnson 2007- works at NASA Johnson Space Center (Nicholas L. “A sensitivity study of the effectiveness of active debris removal in LEO” 2007, pages 242-243 sciencedirect.com) The year selected to implement active debris removal in the three ADR (active debris removal) scenarios was 2020. It was assumed that by then, the technical and cost challenges would be addressed to make ADR a reality. Moving the starting time somewhat further into the future (while the population growth is still linear) should only postpone Mass (kg) the population reduction accordingly. However, if ADR is not implemented before the population reaches a much faster or even exponential growth rate, the cost-to- benefit ratio of ADR would be significantly increased. The actual implementation of any mitigation measures to remove objects from space is very complicated. The cost and technical challenges are the two major obstacles that will not be resolved in the near future. Additional issues, such as ownership, liability, and policy, need to be addressed as well. However, if the mitigation measures currently adopted by international space agencies and industry are insufficient to limit the growth of the future debris population, active debris removal must be seriously considered as an option to preserve the near-Earth space for future generations. Initiatives to remove space debris will fail – rely on unproven tech, cost and time. Ansdell 10 (Megan, “Active Space Debris Removal: Needs, Implications, and Recommendations for Today’s Geopolitical Environment”, http://www.princeton.edu/jpia/past-issues-1/2010/Space-Debris-Removal.pdf) RA There are substantial technical, economic, political, and legal barriers to developing, deploying, and operating active debris removal systems. Many current concepts rely on unproven technology, which means they will require substantial time and money to develop and deploy. The quantity of time and money required will vary with each concept, and detailed estimations are not publicly available because of the nascent state of the field. However, as a rough point of reference, it costs around $10,000 per kilogram to launch anything into orbit, making the cost of merely launching many of the aforementioned systems on the order of millions of dollars. Moreover, flagship missions at NASA, depending on their size, take five to ten years to plan, develop, and launch. Debris solutions are not ready for deployment Baiocchi and Welser in 2010 - *Engineer and Defense analyst or the RAND Corporation, AND ** Management sytem Analyst at the RAND Corporation (2010, “Confronting Space Degree” RAND National Defense Research Institute. www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG1042.pdf ) DARPA, within the context of the Catcher’s Mitt study, is in the preliminary stages of investigating potential technical solutions for remediating debris.3 This investigation is a critical step because even the most rudimentary cleanup techniques will require significant research and field testing before they can be successfully implemented. In addition, future pathfinder missions will require extensive resources, and the U.S. government will need sufficient justification before pursu- ing these programs.4 Solvency Extension: 1NC #7Small debris cannot be tracked with current technology. Johnson & Hudson, ‘8 – Lt Kevin Johnson and John G Hudson, Ph. D. **NOTE – Johnson and Hudson = project supervisors @ Global Innovation and Strategy Center (GISC) Internship program. This program assembles combined teams of graduate and undergraduate students with the goal of providing a multidisciplinary, unclassified, non-military perspective on important Department of Defense issues. “Global Innovation and Strategy Center,” http://www.slideshare.net/stephaniclark/giscinternpaperspacedebriselimination. Millions of tiny space debris particles orbit the earth today, some travelling ten times faster than a high-powered rifle bullet.29 30 According to Dr. Nicholas Johnson, millimeter fragmentations are a greater threat than larger objects like defunct satellites as they are too small to be tracked with current technology.31 The estimated 11,000 objects large enough to be tracked are catalogued and monitored, enabling satellite operators to maneuver around them by expending additional fuel.32 When small debris pieces collide with space assets, the result is not simply a matter of speed, but also of motion. “Because the (low earth orbit) velocities are so high, the kinetic energy is very high. It’s the equivalent of exploding several sticks of dynamite in your spacecraft,” noted a BBC report on the problem.33 Debris fragments as small as one-tenth of one millimeter could potentially puncture the suit of an astronaut.34 The “Kessler effect”35 complicates matters further: as the volume of satellites increases, so does the probability that they will collide with each other.36 Such a chain reaction is “inevitable,” according to Dr. Johnson37 in an interview with The New York Times, “A significant piece of debris will run into an old rocket body, and that will create more debris. It’s a bad situation.” In summary, while preventative measures against debris creation are vital, they will not prevent further growth arising from existing debris. Most small particles cannot be tracked but can still damage satellites Williams 8 - Chair of the Space Law Committee of the International Law Association and member of the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research in Argentina (Maureen, March-April, Security in Space: The Next Generation—Conference Report, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, “SAFEGUARDING OUTER SPACE: ON THE ROAD TO DEBRIS MITIGATION”, http://www.unidir.org/pdf/articles/pdf-art2818.pdf) RA Space debris is an increasing threat to security in outer space. In addition to active satellites—as well as abandoned or inactive satellites—orbiting the Earth, small particles originating from collisions between these objects, known as “second generation debris” imply an extremely serious risk of collision with active satellites, sometimes with untold consequences. These small particles because of their size cannot be detected from Earth at the present state of the art. They travel at very high speeds (roughly 8km per second) and there are currently tens of thousands of those pieces in outer space Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 352.1 Kb. Share with your friends:
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